.  .    LIBRARY    .  . 

Connecticut 
Agricultural  College. 

VOL L.O...L.S:A -....- 

CLASS    NO a..a...Q 


COST l-^JC. 


DATE. 


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^ 


5. _i9i>.3... 


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DEPARTMENT   OF   THE    INTERIOR 


MONOGRAPHS 


OF  THE 


United  States  Geological  Survey 


VOLUME    L 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT     PRINTING     OFFICE 
1906 


UNITED  STATES  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

CHARLES  D.  WALCOTT,   Dikkotok 


THE  CRETACEOUS  FLORA 


OF 


SOUTHERN  NEW  YORE  AND  NEW  ENGLAND 


BY 


ARTHUR  HOLLICK 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE 
1906 


/  0  ^^^ 


CONTENTS, 


Page. 

Introduction 13 

Scope  of  this  monograph 13 

Localities  where  fossil  plants  have  been  found 14 

Previous  descriptions  and  studies  of  the  region 14 

Geological  discussion 25 

General  characteristics  of  the  pUint-bearing  deposits 25 

Correlation  of  the  insular  and  allied  formations 28 

Descriptions  of  species 31 

Pteridophjrta 31 

Pilicales 31 

Gleicheniacese 31 

Cyatheaceas ;  31 

Polypodiacese 32 

Salviniales 33 

Marsileacea 33 

Spermatophyta 35 

Gymnospermse 35 

Cycadales 35 

Cycadacea; 35 

Coniferales 36 

Gingkoaccce - 36 

,    Pinacere 37 

Angiospermse 47 

Monocotyledonpe 47 

Pandanales 47 

Typhacese 47 

Graminales 48 

Poacete 48 

Cyperacere 48 

Liliales - 48 

Liliaceae 48 

Dicotyledonae 49 

Choripetalse ■ 49 

Salicales 49 

Salicacese ■ 49 

Myricales 53 

Myricacese 53 

Juglandales 54 

Juglandaceae 54 

Fagales 56 

Fagacete 56 

5. 


Q  CONTENTS. 

Descriptions  of  species — Continued. 
Spermatopliyta — Continued. 
Angiospermie — Continued. 

Dicotyledont'e — Continued. 

Choripetalfe— Continued.  Page. 

Urticales S" 

Ulmacese 57 

Moraceje 5~ 

Proteales .- 59 

Proteaceee 59 

Eanales 61 

Nymphfeace<e 61 

Menispermacese 61 

Magnoliacete  63 

Anonaceje ^^3 

Lauracese 74 

Eosales 82 

Platanacese 82 

Eosacese  (Pomacese) 83 

LeguminosK  ( Cffisalpiniacece) 83 

Leguminosfe  (Papilionaceffi) 84 

Leguminosse  of  uncertain  relation --  86 

Sapindales 87 

Anacardiacese 87 

IlicaceK 87 

Cclastracefe 88 

Aceracese 89 

Sapindaceae 90 

Ehamnales 91 

Ehamnacese 91 

VitaceEe 94 

Malvales 94 

Sterculiacese 94 

Myrtales ■ 95 

jMyrtacese 95 

Umbellaies 97 

Araliacea? 97 

Gamopetalie 100 

Ericales 100 

Ericacefe 100 

Primulales 102 

Myrsinacete 102 

Ebenaies - 103 

Ebanacefe 103 

Gentianales 105 

Asclepiadaceffi 105 

Rubiales - 105 

Caprifoliacefe 105 

Dicotyledonous  leaves  of  uncertain  relation 106 

Flowers,  fruit,  and  rootlets  of  uncertain  relation 107 

Botanical  discussion H-^ 

Botanical  relationships  of  the  flora 113 

Stratigraphical  and  areal  distribution  of  the  flora 116 

Plates 131 

Index .  -• 213 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Plate  I. — Figs.  1-7.  Onoclea  inquirenda  (HoUick)  n.  comb 132 

Fig.  8.  Gleichenia  protogiea  Deb.  axid  Etts.  ? 132 

Fig.  9.  Gleichenia  gracilis  Heer? 132 

Figs.  10-13.  Thyrsopteris  grevillioides  (Heer)  n.  comb ^ 132 

Figs.  14-18.  Marsilea  Andersoni  Hollick 132 

Figs.  19-21.  Marsilea  Holtingitma  Schafl.  (iatroduced  for  comparison) 132 

Fig.  22.  Sagenopteris  variabilis  (Vel.)  Vel.? 132 

II. — Fig.  1.  Podozamites  lanceolatus  (Lindl.  and  Hutt.)  Schimp 134 

Figs.  2-11  in  part,  12-26  in  part,  27a.  Dammara  borealis  Heer 134 

Fig.  11  in  part.  Poacites  sp 134 

Figs.  26  in  part,  27b,  28.  Juniperus  hypnoides  Heer 134 

Figs.  29-32.  Dammara  cliffwoodensis  Hollick  (introduced  for  comparison) 134 

Figs.  33,  34.  Dammara  northportensis  Hollick ,  134 

Figs.  35-37.  Dammara  minor  n.  sp 134 

Fig.  38.  Cone  scale  of  a  conifer  ? _ 134 

Figs.  39,  47,  48.  Pinus  sp 134 

Fig.  40.  Sequoia  Reiohenbachi  (Gein.)  Heer. . .' 134 

Fig.  41.  Cone  of  Sequoia  concinna  Heer 134 

Fig.  42.  Cone  of  Sequoia  sp '. 134 

Fig.  43.  Strobilites  perplexus  n.  sp 134 

Figs.  44-46.  Baiera  grandis  Heer  ? 134 

III. — Fig.  1.  Cunninghamites  elegans  (Corda)  Endl 136 

Figs.  2,  3.  Sequoia  heterophylla  Vel 136 

Figs.  4,  5.  Sequoia  Reicbenbachi  (Gein.)  Heer 136 

Fig.  6.  Sequoia' sp 136 

Figs.  7,  8.  Sequoia  ambigua  Heer 136 

Figs.  9,  10.  Brachyphyllum  macrocarpum  Newb 136 

Fig.  11.  Cyparissidium  gracile  (Heer)  Heer? 136 

Figs.  12-13a.  Juniperus  hjrpnoides  Heer 136 

Fig.  14.  Sequoia  gracilis  Heer?. 136 

Fig.  15.  Sequoia  fastigiata  (Sternb.)  Heer? 136 

Figs.  16,  17.  Moriconia  cyclotoxon  Deb.  and  Etts 136 

IV. — Fig.  1.  Widdrrngtonites  fasciculatus  n.  sp 138 

Figs.  2-5.  Widdringtonites  subtilis  Heer 138 

Figs.  6-8.  Widdringtonites  Reichii  (Etts.)  Heer 138 

Figs.  9,  10.  Frenelopsis  Hojieneggeri  (Etts.)  Schenk  ? 138 

V. — Figs.  1--6.  Protophyllocladus  subintegrifolius  (Lesq.)  Berry 140 

Fig.  7.  Czekanowskia  dichotoma  (Heer)  Heer? 140 

Figs.  8-12.  Trical3fcites  papyraceus  Newb . . 140 

Figs.  13-22.  Tricalycites  major  Hollick 140 

7 


8  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Page. 

Plate  V. — Fig.  23.  Calycites  obovatus  n.  sp 140 

Fig.  24.  Calycites  alatus  HoUick 140 

Figs.  25,  26.  Williamsonia  Riesii  Hollick 140 

Figs.  27-32.  Williamsonia  problematica  (Newb.)  Ward 140 

VI. — Figs.  1-3.  Podozamites  sp 142 

Figs.  4-6.  Typha  sp 142 

Figs.  7,  8.  Cyperacites  sp 142 

Figs.  9-1 1 .  Poacites  sp 142 

Fig.  12.  Majanthemophyllum  pusillum  Heer 142 

Fig.  13.  Rhizomorphs 142 

Vn. — Fig.  1.  Tricarpellites  striatus  Newb 144 

Fig.  2.  Carpolithus  euonymoides  n.  sp 144 

Figs.  3-8.  Carpolithus  hirsutus  Newb 144 

Figs.  9-15.  Carpolithus  sp 144 

Figs.  16-18.  Aments  of  Populus  sp 144 

Figs.  19,  19a.  Carpolithus  vaccinioides  n.  sp 144 

Figs.  20,  21.  Carpolithus  floribundus  Newb 144 

Fig.  22.  Ament  of  Myrica  sp 144 

Fig.  23.  Jlyriea  Zenkeri  (Etts.)  Vel.? 144 

Fig.  24.  Myrica  Hollicki  Ward 144 

Fig.  25.  Myrica  Davisii  Hollick 144 

Figs.  26,  27.  Salix  cuneata  Newb -  -  - 144 

Figs.  28,  29.  Populus?  apiculata  Newb 144 

Fig.  30.  Populus  stygia  Heer? - 144 

Fig.  31.  Populus  harkeriana  Lesq 144 

Vin. — Figs,  la,  2-4.  SalLx  prote^folia  lanceolata  Lesq 146 

Fig.  lb.  Myrsine  elongata  Newb 146 

Figs.  Ic,  8,  9.  Salix  Meekii  Newb 146 

Figs.  5,  6a.  Salix  protesefolia  flexuosa  (Newb.)  Lesq 146 

Fig.  6b.  Eucalyptus?  nervosa  Newb. . .' 146 

Fig.  7.  Salix  cuneata  Newb - 146 

Figs.  10,  23.  Salix  membranacea  Newb 146 

Fig.  11.  Salix  purpuroides  HoUick 146 

Fig.  12.  Salix  protesefoha  linearifolia  Lesq.  ? 146 

Fig.  13.  S^lixsp -- 146 

Fig.  14.  Quercus  morrisoniana  Lesq 146 

Figs.  15,  16.  Quercus  ( ?)  novse-caesareae  Hollick . .  ^ 146 

Fig.  17.  Quercus  sp - - 146 

Figs.  18,  19.  Dryandroides  quercinea  Vel 146 

Figs.  20,  21.  Banksites  Saportanus  Vel - 146 

Fig.  22.  Planera  betuloides  n.  sp 146 

Fig.  24.  Dewalquea  insignis  Hbs.  and  v.  d.  Marck? 146 

Fig.  25.  Dewalquea  gronlandica  Heer? - 146 

rx.— Figs.  1,  2.  Ficus  Willisiana  Hollick 148 

Figs.  3-5.  Juglans  crassipes  Heer 148 

Figs.  6-8.  Juglans  arctica  Heer 148 

Fig.  9.  Ficus  Krausiana  Heer 148 

X. — Figs.  1-3.  Ficus  Krausiana  Heer 150 

Figs.  4—6.  Ficus  atavina  Heer 150 

XI. — Figs.  1,  2.  Ficus  sapindifolia  Hollick 152 

Figs.  3,  4.  Juglans  elongata  n.  sp 152 

Figs.  5,  6.  Ficus  Woolsoni  Newb.? 152 

Fig.  7.  Ficus  fracta  Vel 152 

Figs.  8,  9.  Ficus  myricoides  Hollick 152 


ILLUSTRATIONS.  9 

Page. 

Plate  XII. — Figs.  1-5.  Proteoides  daphnogenoides  Heer 154 

Fig.  6,  Menispermites  Brysoniana  Hollick 154 

Fig.  7.  Menispermites  sp 154 

Fig.  8.  Menispermites  acutilobus  Lesq. ? .' 154 

Fig.  9.  Cocculus  minutus  Hollick 154 

Figs.  10-12.  Cocculus  cinnamomeus  Vel 154 

Fig.  13.  Cocculites  inquirendus  n.  sp 154 

Fig.  14.  Cocculites  imperfectus  n.  sp 154 

XIII.— Figs.  1-4.  Nelumbo  Kempii  (Hollick)  Hollick .-. 156 

XIV.— Figs.  1,  2.  Nelumbo  Kempii  (Hollick)  Hollick  158 

XV.— Nelumbo  Kempii  (Hollick)  Hollick 160 

XVI.— Figs.  1-6.  Nelumbo  Kempii  (Hollick)  Hollick 162 

Fig.  7.  Nelumbium  arcticum  Heer  (introduced  for  coinparison) 162 

XVII. — Fig.  1.  Magnolia  tenuifolia  Lesq 164 

Fig.  2.  Magnolia  Lacoeana  Lesq - 164 

Figs.  3,  4.  Magnolia  Capellinii  Heer . 164 

XVIII. — Fig.  1.  Magnolia  amplifolia  Heer ; 166 

Figs.  2,  3.  Magnolia  pseudoacuminata  Lesq 166 

Figs.  4,  5.  Magnolia  tenuifolia  Lesq - 166 

XIX. — Figs.  1-4.  Magnolia  speciosa  Heer - - 168 

Fig.  5.  Magnolia  auriciilata  Newb - 168 

Fig.  6.  Magnolia  glaucoides  Newb.? 168 

•        XX.— Fig.  1.  Magnolia  Van  Ingeni  Hollick - 170 

Figs.  2,  3.  Magnolia  longifolia  Newb 170 

Fig.  4.  Magnolia  Isbergiana  Heer — 170 

Figs.  5,  S.  Magnolia  auriculata  Newb 170 

Fig.  6.  Magnolia  glaucoides  Newb.? - 170 

Fig.  7.  Magnolia  woodbridgensis  Hollick 170 

XXI. — Figs.  1-4.  Guatteria  cretacea  n.  sp 172 

Figs.  5,  6.  Magnolia  longipes  Newb.? 172 

Fig.  7.  Liriodendron  prinisevum  Newb - 172 

Fig.  8.  Liriodendron  oblongifolium  Newb.? 172 

Figs.  9-11.  Liriodendron  attenuatum  n.  sp 172 

XXII. — Figs.  1-6.  Liriodendropsis  spectabilis  n.  sp 174 

Fig.  7.  Liriodendropsis  constricta  (Ward  var.) 174 

XXIII. — I^igs.  1-7.  Liriodendropsis  simplex  (Newb.)  Newb 176 

XXrV. — Figs.  1-9.  Liriodendropsis  simplex  (Newb.)  Newb 178 

XXV. — Figs.  1 ,  4,  5,  7,  10-12.  Liriodendropsis  simplex  (Newb.)  Newb .' ISO 

Figs.  2,  3.  Bignonia  pulcherrima  Bayer  (introduced  for  corapai-ison) 180 

Fig.  6.  MA'rsinophyllum  varians  Vel.  (introduced  for  comparison) '-  180 

Figs.  8,  9.  Liriodendropsis  retusa  (Heer)  n.  comb 180 

XXVI. — Figs,  la,  2-5.  Liriodendropsis  angustifolia  Newb 182 

Figs,  lb,  Ic,  Id.  Liriodendropsis  simplex  (Newb.)  Newb 182 

Figs.  6-15.  Liriodendropsis  constricta  (Ward  var.) 182 

XXVII. — Figs.  1-5.  Laurophyllum  elegans  n.  sp 184 

Figs.  6,  7.  Laurophyllum  nervillosum  n.  sp  . . . ; 184 

Fig.  8.  Ocotea  nassauensis  n.  sp 184 

Figs.  9,  10   Laums  plutonia  Heer 184 

Figs.  11,  12.  Laums  angusta  Heer 184 

Figs.  13,  14.  Nectandra  imperfecta  n.  .sp 184 

XXVIII.— Figs.  1,  2.  Lauras  plutonia  Heer -  -  - 186 

Figs.  3-8.  Lauras  nebrascensis  (Lesq.)  Lesq 186 

Figs.  9,  1 0.  Lauras  antecedens  Losq  186 

Fig.  11.  Laums  Hollae  Heer? - 186  , 


10  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Page. 

Plate  XXIX. — Figs.  1-.3.  Sassafras  angustilobum  n.  sp 188 

Fig.  4.  Sassafras  hastatum  Newb.? 188 

Figs.  5,  6.  Cinnamomum  membranaceura  (Lesq.)  n.  comb 188 

Fig.  7.  Cinnamomum  intermedium  Nowb 188 

Figs.  8,  9.  Persea  valida  n.  sp 188 

XXX. — Figs.  1,2.  Cinnamomum  intermedium  Newb - —  190 

Figs.  3,  4.  Cinnamomum  crassipetiolatura  n.  sp 190 

Figs.  .5,  6.  Cinnamomum  Heerii  Lesq.? - -  -  -  190 

Fig.  7.  Cinnamomum  sp 190 

Figs.  8,  9.  Sassafras  acutilobum  Lesq - 190 

Fig.  10.  Sassafras  cretaceum  Newb.? - 190 

Fig.  11.  Sassafras  progenitor  Newb -  - 190 

Fig.  12.  Sassafras  hastatum  Newb.? - 190 

XXXL — Fig.  1.  Persea  Leconteana  (Lesq.)  Lesq - 192 

Fig.  2.  Launis  Newberryana  Hollick -  -  -  -  192 

Fig.  3.  Lauras  teliformis  Lesq 192 

Fig.  4.  Malapoenna  sp - 192 

Fig.  5.  Platanus  sp 192 

Fig.  6.  Platanus  aquehongensis  llolUck 192 

XXXIL— Fig.  1.  Amelancliier  Whitei  n.  sp -  -  -  194 

Figs.  2,  3.  Pliaseolites  nianhassettensis  Hollick - 194 

Fig.  4.  Phaseolites  elegans  n.  sp.. 194 

Figs.  5-7.  Hymenaea  dakotana  Lesq . — 194 

Figs.  8,  f).  Hymenaea  primigenia  Sap 194 

Fig.  10.  Dalbergia  liyperborea  Heer? 194 

Fig.  1 1 .  Dalbergia  irregularis  n.  sp — 194 

Fig.  12.  Dalbergia  minor  n.  sp ; 194 

Fig.  13.  Cassia  sp 194 

Figs.  14,  1.5.  Oolutea  primordialis  Heer 194 

Figa.  16,  17.  Leguminosites  coronilloides  Heer i. 194 

Figs.  IS,  10.  Leguminosites  convolutus  Lesq.? '. ; 194 

Fig.  20.  Leguminosites  constrictusLesq.? ■ 194 

XXXin.— Fig.  1.  PhyUites  poinsettioides  Hollick 196 

Fig.  2.  Rhus  cretacea  Heer  ? 196 

Fig.  3.  Pistacia  aquehongensis  Hollick 196 

Fig.  4.  Ilex  papillosa  Lesq — 196 

Fig.  5.  Gyminda  primordialis  n.  sp 196 

Fig.  6.  EliEodendron  strictum  n.  sp 196 

Fig.  7.  ElsEodendron  sp 196 

Fig.  8.  Celastropliyllum  grandifolium  Newb.? 196 

Fig.s.  9-11.  Celastrus  arctica  Heer 196 

Figs.  12,  13.  Fruit  of  Acer  sp 196 

Fig.  14.  Acer  minutum  Hollick 196 

Fig.  15.  Sapindus  impcrfectus  Hollick 196 

Figs.  16-20.  Sapindus  morrisoni  Lesq 196 

Fig.  21.  Sapindus  apiculatus  Vel 196 

XXXIV.— Fig.  1.  Rhamnus  (?)  acuta  PIcer 198 

Figs.  2-5.  Paliurus  integrifolius  Hollick 198 

Figs.  6,  7.  Paliui-us  afTmis  Heer  ? 198 

Fig.  8.  Zizyphus  elegans  Hollick 198 

Figs.  9,  10.  Zizyphus  ohiongus  ii.  sp 198 

Figs.  11,  12.  Zizyphus  gronlandicus  Heer 198 

Fig.  13.  Zizyphus  Lewisiaiia  Hollick 198 

Fig.  14.  Paliuiiis  ovalis  Dawson 198 


ILLUSTRATIONS.  11 

Page. 

Plate   XXXIV.— Figs.  15-17.  Oeanothus  constrictus  n.  .sp 19S 

Figs.  IS,  19.  Steroulia  sp 198 

Fig.  20.  Sterculia  Snowii  Lesq.? 198 

Figs.  21,  22.  Sterculia  pre-labrusca  n.  sp 198 

XXXV.— Figs.  1-8,  10-12.  Eucalyptus  Geinitzi'(Heer)  Heer 200  . 

Figs.  9,  1-4,  15.  Eucalyptus  ?  angustifolia  Newb 200 

Fig.  13.  Myrtophyllum  Warderi  Lesq i '. 200 

Fig.  16.  Eucalyptus  ?  nervosa  Newb 200 

XXXVI.— Figs.  1-5.  Eucalyptus  latifolia  n.  sp 202 

Fig.  6.  Eucalyptus  Sohubleri  (Heer)  ?  n.  comb 202 

XXXVII.— Figs.  1, 2.  Aralia  Ravniana  Heer 204 

Figs.  3-6.  Aralia  gronlandica  Heer 204 

Fig.  7.  Cissites  formosus  Heer  ? 204 

Fig.  8a.  Chondrophyllum  orbiculatum  Heer 204 

Fig.  8b.  Salix  protesefolia  flexuosa  (Newb.)  Lesq 204 

Fig.  9.  Hedera  simplex  n.  sp , 204 

XXXVIII.— Figs.  1,  2.  Aralia  nassauensis  Hollick 206 

Fig.  3.  Aralia  patens  Newb.? 206 

Fig.  4.  Aralia  palmata  Newb — 206 

Fig.  5,  6.  Aralia  coriacea  Vel 206 

Fig.  7.  Panax  cretacea  Heer 206 

Fig.  8.  Pterospermites  niodestus  Lesq 206 

XXXIX.— Fig.  1.  Andromeda  latifolia  Newb 208 

Figs.  2-5.  Andromeda  Parlatorii  Heer 208 

Fig.  6.  Andromeda  flexuosa  Newb 208 

Fig.  7.  Andromeda  tenuinervis  Lesq 208 

"Figs.  8,  9.  Kalmia  Brittoniana  Hollick 1 208 

Figs.  10,  11.  Myrsine  borealis  Heer 208 

Fig.  12.  Myrsinites  ?  Gaudini  Lesq 208 

Figs.  13,  14.  Myrsine  elougata  Newb 208 

XL. — Fig.  1.  Viburnum  integrifolium  Newb 210 

Figs.  2,  11.  Diospyros  primseva  Heer 210 

Fig.  3.  Diospyros  pseudoanceps  Lesq 210 

Figs.  4^6.  Diospyros  apiculata  Lesq.? 210 

Figs.  7-10.  Diospyi'os  provecta  Vel 210 

Fig.  12.  Diospyros  prodromus  Heer? .' 210 

Figs.  13,  14.  Premnophyllum  trigonum  Vel 210 

Fig.  15.  Liriodendropsis  constricta  (Ward  var.) 210 

Fig.  16.  Periploca  cretacea  n.  sp — 210 

Fig.  17.  Viburnum  Hollickii  Berry 210 


THE  CRETACEOUS  FLORA 

OF 

SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 


By  Arthur  Holuck. 


INTRODUCTION. 

SCOPE    OF  THIS    jMONOGEAPH. 

The  flora  described  in  this  monograph  belongs  in  part  to  the  Earitan  and  in  part 
to  the  Cliiiwood  formation  of  the  Atlantic  Coastal  Plain  Cretaceous,  as  represented  in 
southern  New  York,  on  Staten  Island  and  Long  Island,  and  in  southern  New  Eng- 
land, on  Block  Island  and  Marthas  Viaeyard  in  the  States  of  Rhode  Island  and 
Massachusetts,  respectively,  and  these  formations  within  the  above-described  geo- 
graphic limits  are  collectively  the  equivalent  of  the  "Island  series"  of  Dr.  Lester  F. 
Ward,  as  defined  by  him  in  his  paper  on  the  Potomac  formation"  (pp.  335,  336)  as 
follows : 

From  Morgan  [N.  J.],  the  most  easterly  point,  the  formation  may  be  traced  northward  across  Staten  Island 
and  the  northern  shore  of  Long  Island,  and  it  reappears  on  Marthas  Vineyard  in  the  celebrated  cliffs  of  Gay 
Head.  At  all  of  these  points  the  stratigraphical  evidence  is  strongly  supported  by  paleontological  evidence. 
Along  this  most  eastern  line  a  new  phase  is  seen,  viz,  the  occurrence  of  concretions  in  the  variegated  clays,  in  the 
form  of  hard  ironstones,  which  when  broken  open  are  often  found  to  contain  vegetable  remains  in  an  admirable 
state  of  preservation.  I  am  therefore  disposed  to  regard  these  ferruginous,  concretionary  beds,  extending  from 
Staten  Island  to  Marthas  Vineyard,  as  the  very  latest  phase  of  the  Potomac  formation,  which  I  shall  call  the 
Island  series,  although  from  the  similarity  in  the  flora  I  am  disposed  to  include  them,  along  with  the  Raritan 
and  Amboy  clan's,  in  the  Albirupean  series. 

Since  the  date  when  the  above  was  written,  our  knowledge  of  the  geologj^  of  the 
region  has  been  considerably  enlarged  by  the  discovery  of  new  exposures  and  by  the 
critical  examination  and  identification  of  the  paleontological  material  collected,  so 
that  we  are  now  in  a  position  to  define  with  reasonable  certainty  the  present  and 
probable  former  areal  extent  of  the  deposits  of  Cretaceous  age  in  the  region  and  to 
correlate  them  more  satisfactorily  than  heretofore  with  equivalent  deposits  elsewhere. 
In  this  connection  the  evidence  derived  from  fossil  plants  has  been  of  greatest  value> 
and  these  it  is  the  special  object  of  tliis  monograph  to  describe  and  discuss. 

oFifteenth  Ann.  Kept.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey  (1893-94),  1896,  pp.  307-397. 

13 


14    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

LOCAIjITIES   AVHERE    r08SII.  PIvA^STTS    HAVE    BEEK    FOU^TD. 

Within  the  area!  hmits  of  the  islands  mentioned  a  number  of  locahties  have 
yielded  fossil  plants.  At  some  they  were  foimd  in  place  in  the  clays;  at  others,  as 
morainal  material  more  or  less  closely  associated  -with  them,  as  wall  be  described 
more  fully  in  the  geological  discussioia. 

Following  is  a  list  of  the  localities,  with  the  characters  of  the  plant-bearing 
deposits : 

Staten  Island : 

Green  Ridge,  clays  in  place. 

Kreischerville,  clays  in  place. 

Tottenville,  morainal  material. 

Richmond  Valley,  morainal  material. 

Princess  Bay,  morainal  material. 

Arrochar,  morainal  material. 
Long  Island : 

Brooklyn,  morainal  material. 

Elm  Point  (Great  Neck),  clays  in  place? 

Mott  Point  (Manhasset  Neck),  morainal  material. 

Sea  Cliff,  morainal  material. 

Glen  Cove,  clays  in  place  and  morainal  material. 

Dosoris  Island,  morainal  material. 

Oak  Neck,  morainal  material. 

Center  Island,  morainal  material. 

Cold  Spring,  clays  in  place.  > 

Lloyd  Neck,  morainal  material. 

Little  Neck  (Northport  Harbor),  clays  in  place. 

Batons  Neck,  morainal  material. 

Montauk  Point,  morainal  material. 
Block  Islfipd: 

Black  Rock  Point,  morainal  material. 

Southeast  Point,  morainal  material. 

Balls  Point,  morainal  material. 
Marthas  Vineyard : 

Gay  Head,  clays  disturbed  by  glacial  action  and  morainal  material. 

Nashaquitsa,  clays  disturbed  by  glacial  action. 

Chappaquiddick,  morainal  material  redistributed. 
Elizabeth  Islands: 

Naushon,  morainal  material. 

PREVIOUS    DESCRIPTIONS   AND    STUDIES    OF  THE    REGION". 

The  region  included  within  the  scope  of  this  monograph  attracted  the  attention  of 
geologists  and  others  interested  in  natural  phenomena  before  the  beginning  of  the 
last  century.  The  earlier  scientific  descriptions  consist  for  the  most  part  of  narra- 
tives of  explorations,  with  references  to  facts  observed  and  conclusions  deduced  from 
them,  which  although  they  sound  crude  and  quaint  to-day  are  of  interest  and  value 
in  reflecting  the  habit  of  mind  which  prevailed  at  the  time  they  were  written,  and 
when  read  in  connection  with  later  investigations  and  mterpretations  form  an 
instructive  chapter  in  the  evolution  of  scientific  observation  and  reasoning. 

In  1786  Rev.  Samuel  West,  William  Baylies,  and  four  others  formed  a  party  to 
visit  Marthas  Vinej^ard,  and  the  account  of  their  voyage  and  what  they  observed  was 


PEEVIOUS  DESCRIPTIONS  AND  STUDIES.  15 

included  in  two  communications  to  Governor  James  Bowdoin,  of  Massachusetts," 
from  which  the  following  by  Mr.  Baylies  is  abstracted : 

I  have  at  length  executed  the  design,  which  I  had  formed  in  consequence  of  an  invitation  from  the  Reverend 
Ml-.  West,  of  visiting  Gay  Head.  In  company  with  him,  Col.  Pope,  and  two  others  I  sailed  from  Bedford  in  an 
open  two-mast  boat.  *  *  *  A  northerly  wind  carried  us  down  the  river  into  the  midst  of  the  bay  in  an  easy, 
agreeable  manner.  A  calm  then  coming  on  with  a  hot  sun  and  a  constant  rolling  of  the  boat,  I  grew  exceed- 
ingly sick.  Nothing  could  alleviate  my  feelings  but  a  view  of  Gay  Head,  through  Quicks  Hole,  at  the  distance 
of  about  fifteen  miles.  A  variety  of  colors,  such  as  red,  yellow,  and  white,  differently  shaded  and  combined, 
exhibited  a  scene  sufficient  to  captivate  the  mind,  however  distressed.  *  *  *  We  beckoned  to  two  young 
Indians  whom  we  saw  on  the  bilk  above  us.  They  inunediately  came,  and  by  the  promise  of  a  little  rum  our 
boat  was  hauled  up  on  the  beach.  *  *  *  After  our  arrival  at  the  chffs  we  looked  round  for  a  place  of  descent. 
This  in  a  little  time  we  found.  *  *  *  On  one  side  we  had  a  red,  unctuous,  argillaceous' earth;  on  the  other 
a  blue,  white,  and  yellow  one  variegated  with  gray,  black,  and  green  spots,  and  masses  of  charcoal  under  our 
feet.  When  we  had  descended,  on  looking  back  the  idea  of  a  volcano  struck  us  at  once.  In  fact,  it  had  all  the 
appearance  of  having  blown  out  but  a  few  days.  That  it  was  formerly  a  volcano  was  confirmed  by  a  further 
examination.  Large  stones  whose  surfaces  were  vitrified,  great  numbers  of  small  ones  cemented  together  by 
melted  sand,  and  also  cinders  were  to  be  seen  ip  many  places.  A  black,  sooty  powder  similar  to  lampblack  and 
made  use  of  by  painters  to  serve  the  same  purposes,  under  which  a  whitish  matter  resembling  the  gypseous 
earth  calcined,  intermixed  with  the  same  kind  of  earth  uncalcined,  were  to  be  found  in  great  quantities.  Besides 
there  are  very  plain  marks  of  four  or  five  different  craters.  *  *  *  We  tarried  on  the  island  *  *  * 
examinmg  the  cliffs.  *  *  *  They  appeared  to  be  composed  principally  of  clays  of  all  colors  and  unctuous 
to  the  touch.  The  red,  used  as  a  paint,  undoubtedly  derives  its  color  from  the  calx  of  iron.  The  blue  shoots 
out  copperas  in  considerable  plenty,  and  we  found  hard,  heavy  pieces  of  matter  sparkling  with  small  granulated 
particles  of  a  white  color  embedded  therein.     This,  it  is  probable,  will  afford  something  of  the  metallic  kind. 

*  *     *    Small  streams  of  water  ran  down  the  sides  of  the  cliffs.     *     *     *     Every  one  of  these  had  more  or 
less  of  the  vitriolic  taste. 

The  bones  of  whales,  sharks'  teeth,  and  petrified  shellfish  are  frequently  picked  up,  scattered  up  and  down 
the  cliff,  at  a  considerable  distance  above  the  surface  of  the  water.  The  sea,  it  is  said,  has  made  considerable 
encroachments  on  this  part  of  Gay  Head.  Within  thirty  years  it  has  swept  off  fifteen  or  twenty  rods.  Had 
Neptune  thus  demolished  part  of  Vesuvius  or  ^tna  up  to  their  very  craters  and  laid  open  all  their  secrets,  how 
would  the  curious  in  Europe  have  flocked  from  all  quarters  to  behold  a  scene  so  full  of  wonders!  But  Gay  Head 
is  scarcely  mentioned  in  America. 

Probably  the  next  description  of  importance  relating  to  any  portion  of  the 
region  is  that  by  Dr.  Samuel  L.  Mitchill,  in  which  the  author  discusses  the  geology 
and  muieralogy  of  "Long  or  Nassau  Island."  *  His  statements  of  facts  and  liis  theo- 
ries in  regard  to  them  make  curious  readuig  for  the  modern  geologist,  and  in  places 
may  be  detected  a  note  of  protest  against  the  new  ideas  of  cause  and  effect  that  were 
just  then  beguining  to  be  accepted.  In  his  speculations  concerning  the  geology,  for 
example,  he  says: 

From  a  survey  of  the  fossils  in  these  parts  of  the  American  coast,  one  becomes  convmced  that  the  prmcipal 
share  of  them  Is  granitical,  composed  of  the  same  sorts  of  materials  as  the  highest  Alps,  Pyrenees,  Caucasus,  arid 
Andes,  and,  like  them,  destitute  of  metals  and  petrifactions. 

The  occurrence  of  no  horizontal  strata,  and  the  frequency  of  vertical  layers,  led  him  further  to  suppose 
that  these  strata  are  not  secondary  collections  of  minerals,  hut  are  certainly  in  a  state  of  primeval  arrangement. 

*  *     * 

What  inference  remains  now  to  be  drawn  from  this  statement  of  facts,  but  that  the  fashionable  opinion  of 
considering  these  marithne  parts  of  our  country  as  flats,  hove  up  from  the  deeps  by  the  sea  or  brought  down 
from  the  heights  by  the  rivers,  stands  unsupported  by  reason  and  contradicted  by  experience? 

aMem.  Am.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sci.,  vol.  2,  pt.  1,  1793,  pp.  147-150;  ibid.,  1797,  pp.  150-155. 
6  Medical  Eepository,  vol.  3,  2d  ed.,  1805,  pp.  325-335;  vol.  5,  1802,  pp.  212-215. 


1(5    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Nevertheless  he  gives  evidence  further  on  of  accurate  powers  of  observation  and 
an  ability  to  draw  conclusions  from  facts  which  would  do  credit  to  modem  investi- 
gators.    Thus  in  discussing  the  formation  of  Long  Island  he  continues: 

A  more  probable  opinion  is,  that  Long  Island  and  the  adjacent  continent  were,  in  former  days,  contiguous, 
or  only  separated  by  a  small  river,  and  that  the  strait  which  now  divides  them  was  formed  by  successive  inroads 
of  the  sea,  from  the  eastward  and  westward,  in  the  course  of  ages.     *     *     * 

Between  Long  Island  and  the  continent  there  are  several  shoals,  with  rocks  scattered  over  them,  which  are 
apparently  sunken  or  wasted  islands.  These  remains  of  what  was,  probably,  in  former  days,  upland  of  as  great 
height  as  the  neighboring  islands  afford  strong  evidence  of  the  leveling  power  of  the  waves. 

Nearly  all  who  subsequently  investigated  the  geology  of  the  region  recognized 
that  the  extensions  of  the  Coastal  Plain  strata  of  the  mainland  were  probably  repre- 
sented on  Staten  Island,  Long  Jsland,  and  the  islands  to  the  eastward,  but  at  first 
with  poorly  defined  or  erroneous'  conceptions  of  their  geologic  age  or  stratigraphic 
relations. 

In  1823  Jolin  Finch  read  a  paper  before  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of 
Philadelphia,  entitled  "Geological  Essay  on  the  Tertiary  Formation  in  America,"" 
in  which  the  Raritan,  Staten  Island,  Long  Island,  and  Gay  Head  clays  are  referred 
to  the  Tertiary  period. 

In  1824  Edward  Hitchcock,  in  his  "Notices  on  the  Geology  of  Marthas  Vineyard 
and  the  Elizabeth  Islands,"''  remarks  that  "Long  Island,  in  those  places  where  I 
have  seen  it,  is  unquestionably  very  similar  in  its  geological  structure  to  Llarthas 
Vineyard,  and  probably  belongs  to  the  same  era,"  while  fiu-ther  on  he  concludes 
"that  the  Vineyard  and  Nantucket  are  the  continuation  of  that  extensive  formation, 
hitherto  called  Alluvial,  of  which  Long  Island  has  been  regarded  as  the  north- 
eastern limit." 

About  1825  the  studies  of  Lardner  Vanuxem  and  S.  G.  Morton  resulted  in  an 
effort  to  differentiate  the  late  formations  of  eastern  United  States,  and  in  a  paper 
by  the  latter  entitled  "Geological  Observations  on  the  Secondary,  Tertiary,  and 
Alluvial  Formations  of  the  Atlantic  Coast  of  the  United  States  of  America,  "^  he 
mentions  Manhattan  Island,  Long  Island,  Marthas  Vineyard,  and  Nantucket  as 
mcluded  in  the  Tertiary,  although  the  equivalency  of  certain  of  the  New  Jersey 
strata  with  the  Cretaceous  of  the  Old  World  is  recognized. 

In  1837  and  1838  Wilham  W.  Mather,  in  the  First  and  Second  Annual  Reports 
of  the  New  York  State  Geological  Survey,''  mentions  the  clays  and  sands  of  Staten 
Island  and  Long  Island,  but  with  very  indefuiite  allusions  to  their  probable  geological 
relations.  In  regard  to  the  Staten  Island  exposure  he  merely  says  that  it  seems  to 
be  "similar  in  its  general  characters  to  that  of  Cheesequake  and  Matavan  Pomt,  on 
the  Jersey  shore,  and  it  appears  to  have  a  similar  geological  position;"  wliile  in 
regard  to  the  clays  of  Long  Island  he  remarks  that  "they  have  the  external  charac- 
ters of  potter's  clay,"  but  he  refers  them  to  the  Tertiary. 

In  1843,  in  his  final  report, ''  Mr.  Mather  arrives  at  more  defuiite  conclusions  in 
regard  to  the  last-mentioned  strata  and  says: 

o  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  7, 1824,  pp.  31-43. 

llbid.,  pp.  240-248. 

cJour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philadelphia,  vol.  6,  pt.  1,  1827,  pp.  50-71. 

ci  Assembly  Doc.  No.  161,  February  11,  1837;  ibid.,  No.  200,  February  20,  1838. 

«Nat.  Hist.  Now  York,  pt.,  4;  Geol.,  pt.  1;  Gcol.  1st  Geol.  Dist.,p.,248. 


PEEA'IOUS  DESCEIPTIONS  AND  STUDIES.  17 

The  reasons  for  believing  that  the  principal  mass  of  this  formation  is  older  than  the  Tertiary  will  be  seen 
in  tracing  the  equivalency  of  these  beds  to  those  of  New  Jersey,  Maryland,  Delaware,  and  Virginia,  where  it 
is  considered  as  established  that  the  corresponding  strata  belong  to  the  upper  secondary  of  the  epoch  of  the 
Cretaceous  and  greensand  formations. 

Up  to  this  time,  while  the  general  relationsliips  bet\7een  the  strata  of  the  main- 
land coastal  plain  and  those  of  the  islands  were  recognized,  this  recognition  was 
based  upon  lithologic  resemblances  and  stratigrapliic  position  only,  and,  in  the 
absence  of  any  paleontologic  evidence,  conclusions  were  not  entirely  satisfactory  or 
convincing  and  more  or  less  controversy  and  discussion  ensued. 

At  about  this  period,  however,  the  first  discoveries  of  fossils  on  the  islands  began 
to  be  made,  but  their  importance  was  not  appreciated.  The  discoveries  were  not 
followed  up,  and  they  received  but  little  more  than  passing  attention.  Probably 
the  earliest  record  in  this  connection  is  by  Edward  Hitchcock  °  in  his  descriptions  of 
and  discussion  concerning  the  fossil  animal  and  vegetable  remains  found  at  Gay  Head. 
Of  special  significance  are  the  fossil  fruit  and  leaves,  to  some  of  which  reference  is 
made  in  this  monograph.*  The  Gaj^  Head  section  is  included  by  the  author  under 
"Eocene  or  older  Tertiary  strata." 

On  December  19,  1842,  at  a  meeting  of  the  New  York  Lyceum  of  Natural  His- 
tory, a  specimen  of  Exogyra  was  sho^vn,  to  which  the  following  reference  may  be 
found  in  the  minutes  of  that  meeting:  "Doctor  Jay  exliibited  a  fossil  Exogyra,  found 
60  feet  below  the  surface,  in  digging  a  well  in  the  city  of  Brookljrn.  Referred  to 
Messrs.  Jay  and  W.  C.  Redfield  to  report  upon  the  authenticity  of  the  locality  and 
other  matters  respecting  the  geological  relations  of  the  fossil."  Tliis  discovery  was 
again  mentioned  at  the  Albany  meeting  of  the  Association  of  American  Geologists 
and  Naturalists,  in  184.3,  hj  Mr.  Redfield,  who  said:'^  "This  is  believed  to  be  the 
first  authentic  memorial  of  the  Cretaceous  formation  found  in  the  State  of  New 
York."  It  may  also  be  found  mentioned  by  Issachar  Cozzens,  jr.,  on  pp.  51,  52  of 
his  "Geological  History  of  Manhattan  or  New  York  Island,  etc.,"  published  in  1843 
where  he  says  in  his  discussion  of  the  New  Jerse}^  marl:  "It  is  more  than  probable 
that  this  member  of  the  Cretaceous  Group  underlies  Long  Island  and  may  be  a  c*n- 
tinuation  of  the  great  range  which  begins  at  the  south,  in  Virginia,  and  runs  through 
New  Jersey  to  the  Neversink  Hills,  at  which  place  it  is  last  seen  above  the  surface." 
Accompanying  this  discussion  is  a  theoretical  geological  section  (pi.  3) ,  drawn  iu  the 
exaggerated  manner  characteristic  of  that  time,  which  is  exceedingly  interesting 
when  viewed  in  the  light  of  what  we  now  know  in  regard  to  the  structure  of  Long 
Island. 

In  1849  a  paper  was  published  by  M.  E.  Desor  and  E.  C.  Cabot  under  the  title 
"On  the  Tertiary  and  More  Recent  Deposits  in  the  Island  of  Nantucket,"'^  in  which 
the  authors  refer  to  the  resemblance  between  the  clays  of  Truro,  Cape  Cod;  Sankaty 
Head,  Nantucket,  and  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  all  of  which  are  regarded  as 
probably  Tertiary  in  age  and  as  extending  to  the  south  beneath  Long  Island. 


o  Final  Eept.  Geol.  Mass.,  vol.  2, 1841,  pp.  429-433. 

iDammara  borealis  Heer,  p.  37,  PI.  II,  figs.  12,  21.    Magnolia  auriculataNewb.,  p.  C8.  PI.  XX,  fig.  8. 

c  Abstr.  Proc.  4th  sess.,  Assn.  Am.  Geol.  and  Nat.:  Am.  Jour.  ScL,  vol.  45, 1S43,  p.  156. 

i  Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  vol.  5, 1849,  pp.  340-344. 

MON  L — 06 2 


18    FLOKA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

In  1859  Dr.  William  Stimpson  visited  Marthas  Vineyard,  where  he  collected  both 
animal  and  plant  remains  and  determined  certain  of  the  strata  at  Gay  Head  to  be 
Cretaceous  in  age. "     The  notice  in  regard  to  this  excursion,  however,  is  very  meager. 

The  work  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  New  Jersey,  which  was  begun  at  about 
this  time,  contributed  a  constantly  increasing  amount  of  information  from  year  to 
year,  in  its  annual  reports,  concerning  the  Cretaceous  deposits  in  that  State,  together 
with  occasional  references  to  their  probable  extensions  through  Staten  Island  and 
Long  Island,  affording  material  assistance  to  those  who  were  engaged  in  the  study 
of  these  deposits  on  the  islands  mentioned. 

In  1873  a  geological  map  of  the  United  States,  prepared  by  C.  H.  Hitchcock  and 
W.  P.  Blake,  was  issued  in  connection  with  the  Ninth  United  States  Census.  On  it 
the  north  shore  of  Long  Island  was  indicated  as  Cretaceous,  and  in  replj^  to  a  criti- 
cism of  this  feature  by  J.  D.  Dana''  a  paper  was  read  by  Professor  Hitchcock  before 
the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  at  the  Portland,  Me., 
meeting  in  1873,  in  which  he  says:"  "Notwithstanding  the  evidence  is  so  probable 
in  its  favor,  it  is  surprising  to  observe  that  mine  is  the  first  published  map  that 
colors  tliis  area  correctly."    . 

This  discussion,  however,  practically  ended  any  further  serious  controversy  in 
regard  to  the  Cretaceous  age  of  the  Long  Island  strata.  Evidence  began  to  accu- 
mulate which  could  no  longer  be  ignored  or  controverted,  and  writers  became  more 
conservative  in  expressing  contrary  opinions  or  conclusions.  Specimens  of  dicoty- 
ledonous leaves  were  found  at  several  widely  separated  localities  on  Long  Island, 
and  although  their  exact  geological  age  was  not  at  first  determined  their  significance 
was  appreciated. 

The  earliest  record  in  this  connection  is  probably  to  be  found  in  the  Proceedings 
of  the  New  York  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,**  in  the  account  of  the  meeting  of 
January  9,  1871,  where  the  following  brief  paragraph  occurs: 

The  president,  Dr.  J.  S.  Newberry,  exhibited  a  piece  of  red  sandstone,  containing  impressions  of  leaves 
found  in  excavating  the  foundation  for  the  gas  office  in  Williamsburg  [now  included  in  the  eastern  district  of 
Brooklyn].  This,  he  said,  was  a  specimen  of  remarkable  interest.  In  its  lithological  characters  this  rock 
closely  resembles  the  Triassic  sandstone  so  much  used  in  New  York  for  architectural  purposes;  but  it  con- 
tained numhers  of  very  heautifvlly  preserved  impressions  of  angiospermous  leaves.  No  plants  of  this  kind  were 
known  to  exist  during  the  Trias  or  before  the  Cretaceous;  but  we  know  of  no  such  Cretaceous  or  Tertiary 
sandstone  on  the  North  Am?rican  continent.  The  mass  from  which  this  specimen  was  taken  was  a  bowlder 
and  the  associated  transported  blocks  were  granite,  porphyry,  greenstone,  dolomite,  etc.,  plainly  referable  to 
well-known  localities  north  of  New  York.  But  no  such  sandstone  as  this  was  known,  and  it  became  a  matter 
of  extreme  interest  to  ascertain  what  was  its  origin. 

Subsequently  further  material  was  brought  to  light,  and  at  the  meeting  of  March 
23,  1874,  as  recorded  in  the  Proceedings  (ser.  2,  No.  4,  pp.  126,  127),  it  was  reported 
upon  as  follows : 

The  president  (Dr.  J.  S.  Newberry]  described  a  sandstone  containing  angiospermous  loaves  very  similar 
in  aspect  to  those  of  the  Earitan  and  of  the  Lower  Cretaceous  in  the  far  West,  which  occurs  in  bowlders  at 
Lloyds  Neck,  Long  Island.  This  is  undoubtedly  the  same  rock  with  that  of  the  Williamsburg  gas  house,  as 
he  was  satisfied  from  comparison.  It  is  totally  unlike  anything  known  in  this  vicinity,  and  unfortunately 
liiis  not  yet  been'foiind  in  situ.  Whenever  it  is,  some  interesting  liglit  will  lie  thrown  on  this  whole  question. 
But  its  presence  under  these  circumstances  points  to  its  existence  in  place  at  some  locality  not  far  away.  , 

o  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  29,  1860,  p.  14.5.  c  Proc.  Am.  Assn.  Adv.  Sci.,  vol.  22,  pt.  2, 1874, <pp.  131, 132. 

6  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  6, 1873,  p.  66.  dSer.  1,  pp.  149.  1.50. 


PEEVIOUS  DESCRIPTIONS  AND  STUDIES.  19 

In  1879  Mr.  Warren Upham  published  his  papers  on  "Terminal  Moraines  of  the 
North  American  Ice  Sheet,""  in  which  may  be  found  the  first  comprehensive  effort 
to  discuss  the  most  obvious  glacial  phenomena  of  the  coastal  islands,  with  inci- 
dental reference  to  the  basal  clays  and  their  contorted  condition  in  a  number  of 
locahties.  In  regard  to  the  clays  on  Gardiners  Island  he  says  (p.  90):  "Further 
exploration  is  needed  to  compare  these  with  the  lignitic  beds  of  Block  Island  and 
the  upturned  Tertiary  strata  of  Gay  Head." 

In  1881  Dr.  N.  L.  Britton  read  a  paper  before  the  New  York  Academy  of  Sciences 
entitled  "On  the  Geology  of  Richmond  County,  N.  Y.,"''  in  which  the  probable 
eastward  extension  of  the  Cretaceous  strata  through  Staten  Island  and  Long  Island 
is  mentioned  and  the  prediction  is  made  that  although  "no  fossil  leaves  or  shells' 
have  been  taken  from  the  clays  of  Staten  Island  *  *  *  it  is  not  improbable 
that  they  will  be  found  at  some  future  time,  when  the  excavations  are  more  advanced 
than  at  present." 

In  the  same  year  the  Natural  Science  Association  of  Staten  Island''  was  organized 
and  the  investigation  of  local  scientific  matters  was  systematized,  and  the  collecting 
of  material  and  recording  of  facts  was  begun.  In  the  Proceedings  of  tliis  association 
for  November  10,  188.3,  may  be  found  a  paragraph  to  the  effect  that — 

*  *  *  the  following  objects  were  presented  and  discussed;  By  Mr.  HoUick,  fossil  leaf  in;ipressions  *  *  * 
from  the  shale  and  sandstone  on  the  shore  at  Tottenville.  Mr.  Britton  spoke  at  some  length  in  regard  to  this 
discovery  and  stated  that  it  was  likely  to  prove  the  most  important  one  yet  made  by  the  association.  Geologi- 
cally it  is  a  link  in  the  chain  connecting  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  with  Ke3rport,  N.  J.,  at  each  of  which  locali- 
ties similar  fossils  have  been  found.  The  age  of  the  rocks  containing  them  is  a  matter  of  dispute,  some  authori- 
ties referring  them  to  the  Cretaceous  and  some  to  the  Tertiary.  It  is  quite  possible  that  a  careful  study  and 
investigation  of  our  locality  may  be  of  far  more  than  mere  local  importance. 

In  the  Proceedings  of  the  same  association  for  December  8, 1883,  the  matter  is 
again  referred  to  in  the  following  communication  by  Doctor  Britton: 

The  occurrence  of  similar  fossiliferous  sandstones  on  the  beach  near  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  and  vicinity 
has  been  known  for  some  time.  There  they  are  found  in  precisely  the  same  position  as  at  Tottenville,  and  are 
associated  with  extensive  beds  of  fire  clay,  kaolin,  etc.  The  Tottenville  station  is  not  immediate^  on  these 
clays,  but  they  are  found  near  by  in  several  directions,  notably  at  Kreischerville.  That  the  two  localities 
mark  outcrops  of  the  same  geological  formation,  and  probably  approximately  of  the  same  strata,  is  almost  cer- 
,tain.  The  physical  structure  of  the  Glen  Cove  series  is  exactly  parallel  to  that  of  certain  of  the  clay  beds  of 
Middlesex  County,  N.  J.,  which  are  well  known  to  belong  to  the  Cretaceous  epoch.  In  the  absence  of  suffi- 
cient fossil  evidence  we  can  not  state  with  absolute  certainty  that  the  two  deposits  are  equivalent,  but  there 
is  little  doubt  that  this  will  ultimately  be  proven  and  that  the  New  Jersey  and  Staten  Island  clays,  kaolins, 
lignites,  etc.,  find  another  and  their  most  northern  outcrop  on  the  north  shore  of  Long  Island  at  or  near  Glen 
Cove. 

In  1885  plant  remains  were  found  in  the  Kreischerville  clays  as  had  been  antici- 
pated. A  number  of  these  were  compared  with  and  identified  as  known  species 
common  in  the  New  Jersey  Cretaceous  clays,  and  the  equivalency  of  the  strata  in  the 
two  localities  was  definitely  established.'' 

In  the  meantime  ^Ir.  F.  J.  H.  Merrill  had  been  at  work  on  the  geolog}'  of  Long 
Island,  and  the  results  of  his  investigations  were  included  in  a  paper  on  the  subject, 

oAm.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  18, 1879,  pp.  81-92, 197-209. 

iAnnals  New  York  .-Vcad.  Sci.,  vol.  2,  1SS2,  pp.  161-1S2. 

c  Now  the  Staten  Island  Association  of  Arts  and  Sciences. 

<iProc.  Nat.  Sci.  Assn.  Staten  Island,  vol.  1,  February  13,  ISCG,  p.  31. 


20    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

read  before  the  New  York  Academy  of  Sciences  on  November  7,  1884;°  but  the 
author  assumed  a  very  conservative  attitude  in  regard  to  the  presence  of  sluj  mem- 
ber of  the  Cretaceous  seyies  and  merely  concluded  that — 

From  the  position  and  strike  of  the  Cretaceous  strata  in  New  Jersey  and  Statsn  Island  it  has  been  surmised 
by  geologists  that  tliey  underlie  Long  Island  throughout  the  whole  or  a  portion  of  its  extent.  The  locality  at 
which  the  strata  most  resemble  the  Cretaceous  beds  of  New  Jersey  is  Glen  Cove,  where  the  clays  already 
described  are  probably  of  this  age. 

During  this  same  period  Dr.  J.  S.  Newberry  began  his  studies  of  the  xYmboj''  clay 
flora  of  New  Jersey,  by  means  of  which  he  was  enabled  to  correlate  these  clays  with 
the  Dakota  group  of  the  West  and  the  lower  Atane  beds  of  Greenland  and  also  to 
determine  certain  of  the  fossil  leaves  found  on  Long  Island  to  be  specifically  identical 
with  those  fi-om  the  Amboy  clays  and  thus  to  fix  beyond  further  question  the  Creta- 
ceous age  of  the  clays  of  Long  Island.  The  complete  results  of  Doctor  Newberry's 
investigations  were  not  published  until  many  years  subsequentlj^''  but  I  enjoyed  the 
benefit  of  close  association  with  the  author  in  the  preparation  of  both  the  manu- 
script and  the  plates  and  in  the  collecting  of  material  from  the  fu'st  inception  of  the 
work.  Doctor  Newberry's  conclusions  in  regard  to  the  Cretaceous  age  of  the  strata 
within  the  island  areas  and  their  correlation  as  above  noted  may  be  found  dis- 
cussed in  the  introductory  chapter  of  the  work  mentioned. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Sciences,  on  May  1 1 ,  1885,  Dr.  F.  J.  H. 
Merrill  gave  a  description  of  the  beds  at  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  referring 
them  to  the  post-Pliocene  or  Quaternary, "  but  the  record  consists  merely  of  the  title 
of  the  paper  read. 

In  1888  a  report  on  the  geology  of  Marthas  Vineyard,  by  Prof.  N.  S.  Shaler, 
appeared,*^  and,  in  the  following  year,  one  on  Nantucket  by  the  same  author.  "^  Both 
Cretaceous  and  Tertiary  strata  were  recognized  as  present  on  the  former,  but  only 
Tertiary  and  more  recent  on  the  latter.  These  were  by  far  the  most  comprehensive 
works  on  any  of  the  coastal  islands  which  had  been  published  up  to  that  time,  and 
wliile  all  of  the  author's  deductions  may  not  have  stood  the  test  of  later  discoveries, 
they  mark  an  epoch  in  the  investigation  of  the  geology  of  the  region  and  the  begin- 
ning of  careful  and  painstaking  work  on  a  modei'n  scientific  basis.  In  1889  the  same 
author  published  a  paper  "On  the  Occurrence  of  Fossils  of  the  Cretaceous  Age  on  the 
Island  of  Marthas  Vineyard,  Mass.,"-'  in  which  is  described  a  limited  fauna,  but  no 
flora. 

Even  in  the  light  of  all  the  evidence  above  outlined,  however,  the  presence  of 
Cretaceous  strata  throughout  the  coastal  islands  was  not  universal^  conceded.  In 
18S6,  on  a  geological  map  of  the  United  States  by  Prof.  C.  H.  Hitchcock,  pub- 
lished in  connection  with  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  the  Cretaceous 
is  not  indicated  on  Marthas  Vineyard,  although  it  is  indicated  on  the  north  shore 
of  Long  Island;  and  as  late  as  1891,  in  "Correlation  Papers — Cretaceous,"  ^  Dr.  C.  A. 
White  remarks  (p.  85)  that:  "Several  persons  have  written  upon,  or  referred  to,  the 

"Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  3, 1885,  pp.  341-364. 

'  Flora  of  the  Amboy  clays,  by  J.  S.  Newberry;  a  posthumous  work,  edited  by  Arthur  HoUick:  Mou.  U.S.  Geol.  Survey, 
vol.26,  1895  (1896). 

cTrans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  4,  1885  (1887),  pp.  78,  79. 

(t  Seventh  Ann.  Ilept.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  1885-6  (1888),  pp.  297-363. 

«  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey  No.  .53,  1889. 

/  Bull.  Mua.  Comp.  Zool.  Harvard  Univ.,  vol.  16,  1889,  pp.  89-97. 

a  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey  No.  82,  1891. 


PREVIOUS  DESCRIPTIONS  AND  STUDIES.  21 

discovery  of  Cretaceous  fossils  upon  Long  Island;  but  a  large  proportion  of  these 
reported  discoveries  lack  confirination." 

It  was  about  this  time  that  the  work  wliich  finall)^  resulted  in  the  preparation  of 
this  monograph  may  be  said  to  have  had  its  inception,  although  for  several  j^ears 
previously  I  had  been  engaged  in  the  investigation  of  the  Cretaceous  strata  on 
Stateri  Island,  the  results  of  which  were  recorded  from  time  to  time  in  the  Proceed- 
ings of  the  Natural  Science  Association  of  Staten  Island.  During  the  years  1889  and 
1890  Mr.  David  White  and  Mr.  Lester  F.  Ward  made  extensive  collections  of  paleo- 
botanical  material  on  Long  Island  and  Marthas  Vineyard,  which  resulted  in  the  pub- 
lication of  two  papers  on  the  subject  by  Mr.  "VXTiite.  °  These  papers  demonstrated  so 
conclusively  the  importance  of  fossil  plants  as  paleontological  evidence  that  the 
prosecution  of  tlris  line  of  investigation  was  clearly  indicated  as  indispensable  in 
the  event  of  any  comprehensive  investigation  of  the  geolog}''  of  the  region  being 
attempted.  This  material  was  shortly  afterwards  turned  over  to  me  for  critical 
examination  and  report,  but  it  at  once  became  apparent  that  any  such  work  would 
lack  completeness  unless  it  could  be  made  to  include  a  study  of  all  the  coastal  islands 
and  the  adjacent  shores.  In  accordance  with  this  idea  a  systematic  exploration  was 
at  once  begun,  beginning  at  Staten  Island  and  extending  eastward  tln-ough  Long 
Island,  Block  Island,  Marthas  Viiieyard,  Nantucket,  the  Elizabeth  Islands,  and 
Cape  Cod.  The  results  of  this  exploration,  which  was  carried  on  from  year  to  year 
as  circumstances  permitted,  were  included  in  a  series  of  papei's,  most  of  which  were 
read  before  the  New  York  Academy  of  Sciences  or  the  Torrey  Botanical  Club,  and 
subsequently  published  in  the  Transactions  or  Annals  of  the  former  and  the  Bulle^ 
tin  of  the  latter  and  of  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden. '  The  facts  recorded  in 
these  papers  form  the  basis  of  this  monograph,  and  in  it  is  included  all  that  seems  to 
be  essential  to  its  scope  as  previously  defined. 

<•  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  39, 1890,  pp.  93-101;  BuU.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  1, 1890,  pp.  554,  555. 

fel.  The  paleontology  of  the  Cretaceous  formation  on  Staten  Island:  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11  (February  29, 

1892),  pp.  96-101,  pis.  1-1. 
II.  Additions  to  the  paleobotany  of  the  Cretaceous  formation  on  Staten  Island:  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12 

(November  14,  1892),  pp.  28-39,  pis.  1-^. 

III.  Additions  to  the  paleobotany  of  the  Cretaceous  formation  on  Staten  Island,  No.  2:  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol. 

11  (October  13,  1898).  pp.  415-430,  pis.  36-38. 

IV.  Some  features  of  the  drift  on  Staten  Island,  N.  Y. :  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12  (July  7, 1899),  pp.  91-102,  pi.  1. 
v.  Plant  distribution  as  a  factor  in  the  interpretation  of  geological  phenomena,  with  special  reference  to  Long  Island 

and  vicinity:  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12  (April  24,  1893),  pp.  189-202. 
VI.  Preliminary  contribution  to  our  knowledge  of  the  Cretaceous  formation  on  Long  Island  and  eastward:  Trans.  New 

York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12  (May  22,  1893),  pp.  222-237,  pis.  5-7. 
VII.  Additions  to  the  paleobotany  of  the  Cretaceous  formation  on  Long  Island :  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21  (February 
20,  1894),  pp.  49-65,  pis.  174-180. 
VIII.  Additions  to  the  paleobotany  of  the  Cretaceous  formation  on  Long  Island,  No.  2:  Buh.  N«w  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3 
(April  14,  1905),  pp.  403^18,  pis.  70-79. 
IX.  Some  further  notes  on  the  geology  of  the  north  shore  of  Long  Island:  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  13  (January 

22,  1894),  pp.  122-1.30,  and  table  of  distribution. 
X.  Geological  notes:  Long  Island  and  Nantucket:  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  15  (October  14,  1895),  pp.  3-10. 
XI.  Geological  notes:  Long  Island  and  Block  Island:  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  16  (October  19, 1896),  pp.  9-18. 
XII.  Notes  on  Block  Island:  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11  (April  20,  1898),  pp.  55-88,  pis.  2-9. 

XIII.  Observations  on  the  geology  and  botany  of  Marthas  Vineyard:  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  13  (October  23, 1893), 

pp.  8-22. 

XIV.  Dislocations  in  certain  portions  of  the  Atlantic  Coastal  Plain  strata  and  their  probable  causes :  Trans.  New  York 

Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  14  (October  15,  1894),  pp.  8-20,  figs.  1-5. 
XV.  A  reconnaissance  of  the  Elizabeth  Islands:  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  13  (January  14,  1901),  pp.  387—118,  pis. 

8-15. 
XVI.  Geological  and  botanical  notes:  Cape  Cod  and  Chappaquiddick  Island,  Mass.:  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol,  2 
(April  25.  1902),  pp.  381-407,  pis.  40,  41. 


22    FLOKA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

During  this  same  period  other  investigators  were  also  at  work  in  the  same 
region,  with  most  of  whom  I  had  the  good  fortune  either  to  cooperate  or  to  exchange 
views,  and  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  valuable  hints  and  material  assistance  on  many 
occasions. 

In  1892  ]\Ir.  P.  R.  Uhler  pubUshed  a  paper  entitled  "A  Study  of  Gay  Head, 
Marthas  Vineyard,"  "  in  which  is  mentioned  the  occurrence  of  fossil  leaves,  including 
Sapindus,  Eucalyptus  Geinitzi  Heer,  Liriodendron  simplex  Newb.,  Sequoia  amhigua 
Heer,  and  a  Sassafras,  which  are  described  as  having  been  found  "in  the  laj^ers  of 
the  alternating  clay  on  both  the  west  and  the  southwest  faces  of  the  Gay  Head 
cliffs."  The  author  also  remarks  (pp.  210,  211)  that  "The  structure  of  the  Gay 
Head  tcrrane  admits  of  no  explanation  as  the  result  of  mountam-buUding  move- 
ments. *  *  *  Such  an  enormous  load  of  heavy  material,  accompanied  by  the 
thrust  and  pressure  of  icebergs  driven  over  the  surface  and  stranded  at  intervals, 
even  if  an  extended  glacier  did  not  exert  its  energy  upon  tliis  weakly  consolidated 
elevation,  might  wen  have  disturbed  the  poise  of  its  upper  beds.  *  *  *  "  This 
same  theory  had  been  previously  advanced  by  Dr.  F.  J.  H.  Merrill,  in  order  to  ac- 
count for  the  contortions  in  certain  strata  on  Long  Island,''  and  similar  phenomena 
on  Block  Island  and  Staten  Island  were  subsequently  referred  to  the  same  cause  by 
me  in  the  papers  upon  the  geology  of  those  islands,  mentioned  in  the  preceding  list. 
[r  In  a  paper  entitled  "  Notes  on  the  Clays  of  New  York  State  and  their  Economic 
Value  "'^  ]\'Ir.  Heinrich  Ries  briefly  mentions  the  Staten  Island  and  Long  Island  clays. 
In  regard  to  the  former  he  says  (p.  43):  "The  clays  of  Staten  Island  are  chiefly 
Cretaceous,  as  proven  by  the  fossils  found  in  them.  *  *  *  The  chief  outcrops 
are  at  Kreischerville,  Green  Ridge,  and  Arrochar.  *  *  *  Jn  many  instances  the 
clays  have  been  much  disturbed  by  the  passage  of  the  ice  over  them,  and  in  some 
cases  the  sections  show  overthrown  anticlines.  *  *  *  Fragmentary  plant 
remains  were  found  by  the  writer."  On  Long  Island  he  mentions  the  occurrence  of 
clay,  "no  doubt  of  Cretaceous  age,"  at  Elm  Point  and  remarks  that  leaves  are  said 
to  have  been  foimd  in  it,  while  in  regard  to  the  Glen  Cove  outcrop  he  says  (p.  45): 
"  This  has  long  been  known  to  be  Cretaceous,  as  proved  by  its  contained  plant  remains, 
which  are  in  concretions  in  the  clay'"  The  Northport  clays  are  given  the  following 
brief  description  only  (p.  45) :  "There  is  a  deposit  of  fire  and  pottery  clay  at  North- 
port.  It  is  of  white,  blue,  and  red  color  and  is  stratified.  The  layers  are  separated 
by  thin  sheets  of  sand.  The  owner  claims  to  have  frequently  dug  up  leaves.  This 
is  probably  another  Cretaceous  outcrop." 

In  a  subsequent  paper  by  Mr.  Ries  on  "  Microscopic  Organisms  in  the  Claj-s  of  New 
York  State"<*  the  author  says  (p.  166):  "A  number  of  Cretaceous  plant  remains 
embedded  in  concretions  have  been  found  along  the  north  shore  of  the  island  between 
Glen  Cove  and  Northport,  but  they  have  been  found  in  the  clay  only  at  the  former 
locahty.  The  writer  has  found  leaves  (referable  to  Eucalyptus)  in  the  clays  at 
Northport.  *  *  *  "  In  this  paper  a  number  of  species  of  diatoms  are  listed  as 
occurring  in  the  Cretaceous  clays,  as  follows  (p.  167):  "In  that  from  Northport, 
which  greatly  resembles  some  of  the  Staten  Island  clays  and  may  prove  to  be  of  the 

a  Trans.  Maryland  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  1,  1892  (1901),  pp.  204-212. 
!>  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  3,  188.'".,  pp.  3,'-.X-360. 
cTrans.  Now  York  Acad.  .Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  pp.  40-17. 
il Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  13, 1894,  pp.  165-169. 


PREVIOUS  DESCRIPTIONS  AND  STUDIES.  23 

same  age,  three  species  of  diatoms  were  met,  viz:  Melosira  granulata  (Ehr.)  Ralfs., 
Diatoma  liyemale  K.  B.,  Cocconema  parvum  W.  Smith.  *  *  *  The  most  interest- 
ing discovery,  however,  was  the  finding  of  diatoms  in  the  stoneware  clay  at  Glen 
Cove.  The  species  are:  Melosira  granulata  (Ehr.)  Ralfs.  [and]  StepTianodiscus 
niagarse  Ehr.     *     *     *     " 

In  a  bed  of  diatomaceous  earth  on  Lloyd  Neck  the  following  diatoms  were 
found  (p.  168) : 

Melosira  granulata  (Ehr.)  Ralfs.  Navicula  varians  Greg. 

Stephanodiscus  niagarse  £hr.  Navicula  lata  Brelj. 

Epitheniia  turgida  (Ehi .)  Kutz.  Eunotia  monodon  Ehr. 

Encyonema  ventricosura  Kutz.  Gomphonema  capitatum  Ehr. 

CymbeUa  delicatula  Kutz.  Stauroneis  Phcenecenteron  Ehr. 

Cymbella  cuspidata  Kutz.  Fragilaria  construans  Grun. 

Navicula  viridis  Kutz.  Synedra  affinis  K.  B. 

Navicula  cocconeiformis  Greg.  Campyloneis  Grevillei  regalis. 

Navicula  major  Kutz.  '  Triceratium  trifoliatum. 

The  author  does  not  make  ft  clear,  however,  whether  he  regards  the  bed  as  Cre- 
taceous in  age,  although  tliis  is  inferred  from  the  text.     His  final  words  are  (p.  169) : 

In  the  kaolin  found  near  Kreischerville  [Staten  Island]  were  discovered  a  number  of  diatoms,  which  Dr. 
[D.  B.]  Ward  informs  me  are  either  Cocconeis  placentula  Ehr.  or  Cocconeis  pediculus  Ehr.  Their  occurrence  is 
also  of  great  interest,  as  these  kaolins  are  known  to  be  middle  Cretaceous  beyond  doubt. 

It  seems  to  me  that  the  results  obtained  from  this  hasty  examination  of  the  clays  are  sufficiently  encour- 
aging to  warrant  a  further  and  detailed  search.  The  correlation  of  strata  by  means  of  their  microscopic 
organisms  has  been  successfully  tried  elsewhere,  and  further  work  might  prove  it  applicable  to  the  clays  of 
Long  Island,  whose  age  and  stratigi-aphic  relations  need  much  further  elucidation. 

The  Northport  clays  were  subsequently  submitted  to  a  more  critical  examination 
by  Mr.  Ries,  and  a  number  of  plant  remains  were  found  in  them.  These  were  sub- 
mitted to  me  for  study,  and  among  them  I  was  able  to  identify,  provisionally,  Pali- 
urus  integrifolius  HoUick,  Laurus  angusta  Heer,  Proteoides  daphnogenoides  Heer, 
Paliurus  sp.,  Myrsine  sp.,  CelastropJiyllum  sp.,  and  Williamsonia  sp.  This  list, 
together  with  Mr.  Ries's  remarks  on  the  clays,  is  mcluded  in  his  paper  "On  the 
Occurrence  of  Cretaceous  Clays  at  Northport,  Long  Island."'*  in  which  he  says: 

In  a  previous  paper  the  writer  mentioned  this  clay  deposit  and  expressed  the  belief  that  it  would  be  found 
to  be  of  Cretaceous  age.  Such  has  proven  to  be  the  case.  In  a  recent  visit  to  the  locality  a  careful  examina- 
tion of  the  section  exposed  showed  that  a  brownish-black  seam  of  the  clay,  two  feet  thick,  contained  plant 
fragments  in  great  quantity,  and  a  few  of  them  were  sufficiently  well  preserved  to  permit  identification  and 
prove  the  Cretaceous  age  of  the  deposit  beyond  doubt. 

All  the  facts  included  in  these  three  papers  by  Mr.  Ries  were  finally  embodied  in 
his  "Clays  of  New  York;  their  Properties  and  Uses,"  ^  together  with  plates  repre- 
senting some  of  the  exposures  and  others  in  which  the  diatoms  and  many  of  the 
characteristic  Cretaceous  leaves  are  depicted. 

In  1894  Mr.  Charles  L.  Pollard  pubhshed  a  brief  account  of  the  Elm  Point,  Long 
Island,  fossil  leaf  locality,''  in  which  are  enumerated  the  following  four  species: 
Liriodendron  simplex  Newb.,  Diospyros  primseva  Heer,  Magnolia  altemans  Heer, 
and  Platanus  Newherryana  Heer. 

"School  of  Mines  Quart.,  vol.  15,  1894,  pp.  353,  354. 

'Bun.  New  York  State  Mas.  No.  35,  vol.  7,  June,  1900,  pp.  595-611. 

cTrana.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  13, 1894,  pp.  180, 181. 


24    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

In  1895  Dr.  F.  J.  H.  Merrill  published  "  Notes  on  the  Geology  of  Block  Island,"  " 
in  wliich  he  concludes  that  the  white  clays  and  sands  exposed  at  certain  localities 
may  be  of  Cretaceous  age  and  that  their  folded  condition  was  caused  by  glacial 
action.  In  regard  to  the  Clay  Head  deposit  he  remarks  (pp.  17,  IS)  that  "in 
character  and  position  it  is  entirely  analogous  to  that  at  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island." 

In  1896,  at  the  New  York  meeting  of  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences,  Prof. 
O.  C.  Marsh  read  a  paper  on  "The  Jurassic  Formation  on  the  Atlantic  Coast," **  in 
which  he  advanced  the  theory  that  the  clays  throughout  the  insular  area,  as  well 
as  their  equivalents  in  New  Jersej^,  are  probably  Jurassic  in  age,  but  any  evidence 
to  support  the  theory  was  not  produced. 

This  paper  was  supplementary  to  two  preliminary  papers  by  the  same  author, 
on  "The  Geology  of  Block  Island,"  "^  in  which  the  same  theorj^  was  advocated.  In 
these  contributions  the  opinion  was  expressed  that  the  testimony  of  fossil  plants 
was  not  conclusive  as  to  the  Cretaceous  age  of  the  strata. 

In  1897  Prof.  J.  B.  Woodworth  read  a  paper  before  the  Geological  Society  of 
America  on  "Unconformities  of  Marthas  Vineyard  and  of  Block  Island," **  in  which 
the  disturbance  caused  by  glacial  action  is  discussed,  and  in  1900  one  upon  "  Glacial 
Origin  of  Older  Pleistocene  in  Gay  Head  CHfIs,"  etc.,*^  which  may  be  regarded  as 
supplementary  to  the  one  previously  mentioned. 

In  1899  a  joint  contribution  appeared,  by  G.  C.  Curtis  and  J.  B.  Woodworth, 
entitled  "Nantucket,  A  Morainal  Island,"^  in  which,  besides  the  discussion  of  the 
glacial  deposits,  there  is  a  brief  paragraph  (p.  231  to)  the  effect  that:  "The  oldest 
known  formation  on  the  island  is  a  bluish  clay,  probably  of  Cretaceous  age.  *  *  * 
The  beds  of  this  series  are  highly  folded,  as  are  also  the  strata  of  the  same,  and 
even  more  recent  date,  in  the  islands  westward  to  Staten  Island."  Opinions  of 
others  in  regard  to  the  causes  of  the  folding  are  also  given,  but  without  discussion. 

In  1905  Mr.  Myron  L.  Fuller,  in  a  paper  on  the  "Geology  of  Fishers  Island,  New 
York,  "^  makes  mcidental  reference  to  the  same  phenomena  in  connection  with  the 
Gay  Head  and  Block  Island  clays.  The  occurrence  of  Cretaceous  deposits,  at  a  depth 
of  some  260  feet  below  sea  level,  is  inferred  from  the  presence  of  a  bed  of  blue  clay 
struck  at  that  depth  in  a  well  boring,  in  regard  to  which  the  author  (p.  373)  says: 
"No  samples  of  this  clay  have  been  seen,  but  the  fact  that  it  rests  on  the  granite 
instead  of  on  a  thick  series  of  glacial  gravels,  as  does  the  only  known  Pleistocene  clay 
of  the  region,  points  to  its  probable  Cretaceous  age." 

The  most  complete  exposition  of  the  geology  of  any  part  of  the  region  was 
brought  out  in  1902,  under  the  joint  authorsliip  of  F.  J.  H.  Merrill,  N.  H.  Darton, 
Arthur  Hollick,  R.  D.  Salisbury,  R.  E.  Dodge,  Bailey  Willis,  and  H.  A.  Pressey,  as 
the  New  York  City  folio  of  the  Survey,*  in  which  the  entire  area  of  Staten  Island 
and  a  portion  of  the  adjacent  area  of  Long  Island  is  mapped  topograpliically  and 
geologically,  with    descriptive  text    and    illustrations.      The   Cretaceous    area    of 

a  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  15, 1895,  pp.  16-19. 

6  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  ser.  4,  vol.  2,  1896,  pp.  433-447. 

•^Ibid.,  pp.  29r)-29S,  375-377. 

dBull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  8,  1897,  pp.  197-212. 

cBuIl.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  11, 1900,  pp.  455-460. 

/Jour.  Geol.,  vol.  7, 1899,  pp.  226-236. 

0  Bull.  Geol.  Scic.  Am.,  vol.  16,  1905,  pp.  .367-390. 

A  Description  ol  the  New  York  City  district:  Geologic  Atlas  U.S.,  folio  S3,  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  1902. 


GEOLOGICAL  DISCUSSION.  25 

Staten  Island  is  defined  both  on  the  map  and  in  the  description,  and  is  correlated 
with  the  Cretaceous  of  New  Jersey  on  the  basis  of  the  fossil  plants  found  in  it. 

About  this  time  the  problem  of  an  additional  water  supply  for  New  York  City 
was  receiving  earnest  attention,  with  the  result  that  numerous  investigations  were 
made  which  involved  reports  upon  the  geologj^  of  areas  from  which  such  supplies 
might  be  obtained.  Both  Staten  Island  and  Long  Island  received  attention  in  this 
connection,  and  during  the  progress  of  the  work  several  new  facts  were  incidentally 
brought  to  light  in  relation  to  the  surficial  and  underlying  strata. ■" 

Finally  maj^  be  mentioned  J.  B.  Woodworth's  paper  on  the  "  Pleistocene  Geology 
of  Portions  of  Nassau  County  and  Borough  of  Queens,"*  in  wliich  the  glacial  phe- 
nomena of  that  area  are  described  and  illustrated  in  considerable  detail. 

In  addition  to  the  preceding  references  to  the  principal  papers  on  the  geology  of 

the  region  a  number  of  briefer  notes  and  memoranda  by  some  of  the  same  authors 

and  others  could  be  given,  but  those  quoted  probably  include  essentially  all  of  the 

diverse  opinions  wliich  have  been  expressed  from  time  to  time,  and  indicate  the 

necessity  that  existed  for  careful  -and  critical  examination  of  all  the  available  facts 

in  connection  with  the  topographic  features,  stratigraphy,  and  paleontology  of  the 

region. 

GEOIiOGICAL  DISCTJSSIOK. 

GENERAL    CHARACTERISTICS   OF    THE    PLANT-BEARING    DEPOSITS. 

The  deposits  in  which  fossil  plants  have  been  found  at  the  localities  previously 
mentioned  consist,  in  part,  of  clays,  sands,  and  gravels,  Hthologically  similar  to  the 
Cretaceous  strata  of  the  mainland,  as  represented  in  the  Karitan  and  Cliffwood  forma- 
tions of  New  Jersey,  and,  in  part,  of  morainal  material  derived  from  them. 

The  occurrence  of  ferruginous  shale  and  concretions,  while  not  altogether  absent 
on  the  mainland,  reaches  such  a  development  on  the  islands  as  to  constitute  a  dis- 
tinct and  characteristic  lithologic  feature  of  the  insular  deposits  at  a  number  of  locali- 
ties. The  shaly  condition  is  especially  well  developed  in  comiection  with  the  clay 
exposure  on  the  shore  a  short  distance  west  of  the  Glen  Cove  landing,  Long  Island, 
while  the  concretionarj^  phase  is  best  exemphfied  in  the  Gay  Head  section  on  Marthas 
Vineyard. 

Both  kinds  of  this  hard  material  are  also  conspicuous  constituents  of  the  moraine 
throughout  almost  its  entire  insular  extent,  frequently  containing  plant  remains  and 
affording  evidence  of  the  former  presence  of  Cretaceous  deposits  at  or  near  to  locali- 
ties where  all  other  indications  have  been  entirely  obhterated.  It  was  the  discovery 
of  specimens  of  this  kind  that  first  indicated  the  existence  of  a  Cretaceous  flora  in 
place  on  Staten  Island  and  Long  Island,  and  finally  led  to  its  identification  elsewhere. 

Whetherthis  material  islargelyaresultof  glacial  erosionand  disturbance  of  the  Cre- 
taceous clays,  which  have  thus  become  exposed  to  oxidizing  influences  and  consequent 

al.  Freeman,  John  R.,  Report  on  New  York's  water  supply,  etc.;  New  York,  Martin  B.  Brown  &  Co.,  1900,  8  vo.,pp.587 
maps,  figures,  and  diagrams.  v 

II.  Crosby,  W.  O.,  Outline  ol  the  geology  of  Long  Island  in  its  relations  to  the  public  water  supply:  Tech.  Quart,  vol. 
13,  1900,  pp.  100-119. 

III.  Fuller,  M.  L.,  Probable  pre-Kansan  and  lowan  deposits  of  Long  Island,  N.  Y.:  Am.  Geol.,  vol.  32,  1903,  pp.  308-312. 

IV.  Veatch,  A.  C,  The  diversity  of  the  Glacial  period  on  Long  Island:  Jour.  Geol.,  vol.  11,  1903,  pp.  762-776. 

V.  Veatch,  A.  C,  and  others,  Underground  water  resources  of  Long  Island, ,  New  York:  Prof.   Paper  U.  S.  Geol. 
Survey  No.  44, 1906. 

t>  Bull.  New  York  State  Mus.  No.  48.  1901. 


26    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

hardening,  is  a  question  which  has  not  as  yet  been  satisfactorily  answered.  The  coin- 
cidence of  its  abundance  in  connection  with  the  moraine,  or  in  Cretaceous  beds  more 
or  less  disturbed  by  glacial  action,  is  significant,  especially  when  compared  with  the 
relative  rarity  of  similar  material  in  equivalent  undisturbed  beds;  and  the  fact  that 
masses  and  fragments  of  clay  may  be  found  which  show  every  gradation  between 
the  plastic  condition  and  that  of  hard  ferruginous  shale  or  solid  concretions  would 
seem  to  indicate  that  these  conditions  have  been  brought  about,  at  least  in  some 
instances,  from  the  oxidation  of  iron  contained  in  the  clay  and  in  others  from  the  accu- 
mulation of  layers  of  limonite  around  the  exterior  of  clay  fragments  after  these  were 
torn  from  the  parent  mass.  Even  where  the  shales  or  concretions  are  in  place  in 
the  clays,  as  at  Glen  Cove  and  Gay  Head,  the  clays  themselves  must  be  regarded  as 
merely  part  of  the  moraine,  representing  portions  of  the  Cretaceous  beds  wliich  were 
eroded  and  transported  bodily  or  else  shoved  forward  or  squeezed  upward  from  their 
original  positions  by  the  advancing  ice  front  and  not  as  undisturbed  strata  in  place. 

This  conspicuous  feature,  therefore,  consisting  of  hardened  fragments  and  concre- 
tions, while  it  must  be  recognized  as  more  or  less  characteristic  where  it  occurs  so 
conspicuously,  may  not  always  be  an  original  phase  of  the  deposit,  but  may  in  cer- 
tain exposures  be  due  merely  to  the  accident  of  their  location  within  the  area  of 
glacial  disturbance. 

Examples  of  erosion,  transportation,  and  deformation  of  the  Cretaceous  deposits 
by  ice  action  are  conspicuous  throughout  almost  the  entire  morainal  area  from 
Marthas  Vineyard  to  Staten  Island.  In  only  two  limited  localities  are  the  phenom- 
ena wanting.  One  of  these  is  the  northern  or  Orient  Pomt  branch  of  the  moraine  on 
Long  Island ;  the  other  is  where  the  moraine  rests  upon  the  serpentine  hills  of  Staten 
Island.  In  the  last-named  locahty  the  absence  of  Cretaceous  material  is  due  to  the 
fact  that  the  Cretaceous  deposits  did  not  extend  north  of  these  hills,  while  at  Orient 
Point  its  absence  is  probably  to  be  explained  on  the  theory  that  this  point  represents 
a  second  or  more  recent  morainal  deposit,  and  that  all  of  the  Cretaceous  material  had 
been  previously  eroded  and  included  in  the  older  or  Montauk  Point  branch. 

On  the  several  islands  the  exact  conditions  under  which  the  fossil  plants  occur 
vary  to  some  extent,  and  variations  in  conditions  may  be  noted  between  certain 
localities  on  the  same  island.  Within  our  region  the  farthest,  north  that  any  Creta- 
ceous material  has  been  positively  identified  is  on  Naushon,  the  most  eastern  of  the 
Ehzabeth  Islands,  where  there  is  a  limited  amount  of  plastic  clay  and  some  of  the 
characteristic  ferruginous  concretions  containing  hgnite,  all  included  in  the  moraine. 
The  farthest  east  that  any  similar  material  has  been  reported  is  Chappaquiddick, 
at  the  southeastern  extremity  of  Marthas  Vineyard,  where  characteristic  species  of 
Cretaceous  plants  occur  in  the  ferruginous  shaly  fragments  which  form  a  large  part 
of  the  reasserted  drift  material  of  that  locahty.  Thus  far  no  positive  evidence  has 
been  obtained  of  the  presence  of  a  Cretaceous  flora  farther  to  the  north,  on  Cape  Cod, 
or  farther  to  the  east,  on  Nantucket,  and  definite  proof  that  any  of  the  Cretaceous 
formations  were  represented  in  those  localities  at  all  has  not  been  recorded,  so  far  as 
I  am  aware. 

At  Nashaquitsa,  on  Marthas  Vineyard,  the  plant  remains  occur  in  clay  nodules, 
embedded  in  the  variegated  clays  of  the  cliff,  wliich  apparently  form  the  outcropping 
edge  of  a  basin  or  trough  of  which  the  Gay  Head  section  is  part  of  the  opposite  rim. 


GEOLOGICAL  DISCUSSION.  27 

This  clay  deposit  is  somewhat  different  in  coloring  and  texture  from  that  of  any  other 
locality,  and  for  that  reason  I  have  thought  it  possible  that  it  might  represent  a 
distinct  geologic  horizon.  It  is,  however,  more  or  less  involved  with  the  overlying 
moraine  and  the  adjacent  sandy  clays  of  the  Weyquosque  series,  so  that  its  exact 
stratigraphic  position  is  uncertain,  and,  unfortunately,  the  plants  collected  are  few  in 
number  and  are  largely  of  uncertain  identity.  Of  the  222  species  described  in  this 
monograph  only  13  are  hsted  from  this  locahty,  and  of  these  four  are  only  pro- 
visionally identified  and  two  others  are  described  as  new. 

At  Gay  Head  fossil  plants  occur  in  certain  of  the  gray  sandy  clays  and  in  the  fer- 
ruo-inous  nodules  and  concretions,  either  in  place  or  scattered  in  the  talus  accumula- 
tions of  the  escarpment.  The  stratigraphic  relations  of  the  various  beds  represented 
in  this  section  are  too  uncertain  for  definite  conclusions  on  account  of  the  tilting  and 
distortion  to  which  they  have  been  subjected;  but  inasmuch  as  103  species  of  fossil 
plants — a  large  majority  of  them  representing  well-known  Cretaceous  tyiies — have 
been  identified  from  this  locality  alone,  the  age  of  the  beds  from  which  they  came 
can  not  be  questioned.  Both 'the  Raritan  and  the  Cliflwood  formations  are  repre- 
sented in  these  species. 

On  Block  Island,  at  all  the  localities,  the  fossils  were  found  only  as  morainal 
material,  in  ferruginous  shale  or  sandstone,  but  mostly  in  close  association  with 
transported  or  eroded  masses  of  plastic  and  lignitic  clay.  No  organic  remains  of 
anyldnd,  other  than  the  hgnite,  have  been  found  in  these  clays;  but  their  lithologic 
characters  and  the  close  association  with  them  of  the  characteristic  ferruginous 
material  containing  Cretaceous  leaves  are  strong  presumptive  evidence  of  their  age, 
especially  as  they  lie  directly  on  the  line  of  strike  between  the  clays  of  Marthas 
Vineyard  on  the  east  and  those  of  Long  Island  on  the  west. 

On  Long  Island  the  localities  where  Cretaceous  fossil  plants  have  been  found 
are  scattered  tliroughout  the  hills  from  Montauk  Point  to  Brooklyn.  At  most  of 
these  localities  the  plants  occur  in  the  moraine,  and  careful  investigation  would 
undoubtedly  result  in  making  known  a  number  of  others,  so  as  to  include  practi- 
cally the  entire  morainal  area. 

On  Little  Neck,  in  Northport  Harbor,  and  at  Cold  Spring,  impressions  of 
leaves  occur  in  the  clays,  while  at  Glen  Cove  numerous  specimens  have  been  found 
in  a  layer  of  ferruginous  shale,  interbedded  with  the  clays.  This  shale  is  more  or 
less  fractured  and  slickensided,  apparently  representing  a  fault  line  or  shear  plane 
in  the  clay,  along  which  atmospheric  waters  percolated,  oxidizing  the  iron  in  the 
clay  and  transforming  it  into  a  thin  layer  of  ferruginous  shale  along  the  line  of 
fracture.  At  this  locality  the  clays  are  not  only  disturbed  as  a  whole  and  more  or 
less  tilted,  but  they  are  also  locally  disturbed  by  landslips,  the  effects  of  which  may 
be  seen  in  the  changes  which  take  place  from  year  to  year  on  the  face  and  at  the 
base  of  the  bluff.  Next  to  the  Gay  Head  exposure  this  is  the  locality  which  has 
yielded  the  greatest  number  of  fossil  plants.  They  occur  in  the  layer  of  shale  above 
mentioned,  and  also  in  the  fragments  which  have  been  eroded  from  the  exposure 
and  scattered  along  the  beach. 

At  Sea  Cliff,  near  Mott  Point  on  Manhassett  Neck,  and  at  Elm  Point  on  Great 
Neck,  clays  are  exposed,  but  no  fossil  leaves  have  been  found  in  them.  At  the 
locality  first  mentioned  the  matrix  in  which  the  leaf  impressions  occur  is  exactly 


28    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

similar  to  the  Glen  Cove  shale,  but  its  outcrop  has  not  been  located.  The  material 
is  abundantly  represented  in  the  morainal  deposits  of  the  vicinity,  and  practically 
the  same  conditions  prevail  at  the  other  two  localities.  In  no  instance  can  even 
the  clay  exposures  be  definitely  identified  as  outcrops,  but  ihej  apparently  are 
isolated  masses  which  have  been  torn  from  the  underlj-ing  beds  and  deposited  as 
great  clay  bowlders  in  the  moraine.  The  differences  between  these  large  masses 
and  smaller  ones,  and  between  the  fragments  that  are  partly  and  those  that  are 
wholly  oxidized,  are  differences  in  degree  only,  and  all  are  clearly  the  result  of 
glacial  erosion  and  transportation. 

On  Staten  Island  the  clays  at  Kreischerville  and  Green  Ridge  contain  quan- 
tities of  lignite  and  numerous  leaf  beds.  At  the  latter  locality  they  are  m  place 
and  only  the  surface  of  the  exposure  has  suffered  any  disturbance.  At  Kreischer- 
ville the  beds  appear  to  have  been  redeposited  to  a  considerable  extent,  as  the  plant 
remains  often  occur  in  lenses  or  pockets  and  the  accompanjdng  sandy  laj^ers  are 
conspicuously  cross-bedded.  Amber  and  charred  wood,  in  considerable  abund- 
ance, are  mixed  with  the  vegetable  debris  at  this  locality,  as  recently  described  by 
me  Ln  a  paper  on  "The  Occurrence  and  Origin  of  Amber  in  the  Eastern  United 
States."" 

At  all  the  other  Staten  Island  localities  small  masses  of  what  are  apparently 
Cretaceous  clays  and  sands  occur  in  the  moraine,  but  at  these  locahties  the  fossil 
leaf  impressions  have  been  found  only  in  the  accompan>dng  ferruginous  shales  and 
concretions. 

The  former  presence  of  not  only  the  Cliilwood  but  also  liigher  formations, 
throughout  the  insular  area,  is  also  proved  by  the  occurrence  of  Cretaceous  inverte- 
brate fossils  in  the  moraine  on  Staten  Island,  Long  Island,  and  Block  Island,*  in 
addition  to  the  well-known  occurrence  of  similar  fossils,  together  with  vertebrate 
remains,  in  place,  in  the  Gaj-  Head  section  on  Marthas  Vineyard,  and  scattered 
morainal  material  at  Indian  Hill  and  Chappaquiddick.*^  None  of  these  fossils,  how- 
ever, has  been  found  anj-where  in  any  of  the  plant-bearing  beds,  so  far  as  I  am 
aware,  and  they  have  therefore  proved  of  no  value  as  correlation  factors  in  connec- 
tion with  these  deposits.  The  point  of  greatest  interest  in  connection  with  them 
is  probaljly  the  fact  of  their  occurrence  at  Arrochar,  on  Staten  Island,  and  at  Brook- 
lyn, on  Long  Island,  indicating  a  former  overlap  of  upper  Cretaceous  strata  in  that 
vicinity,  which  must  have  extended  tliroughout  the  area  now  occupied  by  New 
York  Harbor,  the  East  River,  and  probably  a  part  of  the  Hudson  River  Valley, 
but  was  later  entirely  eroded. 

CORRELATION   OF  THE  INSULAR  AND   ALLIED   FORMATIONS. 

The  stratigraphic  position  of  the  formations  discussed  in  connection  with  tliis 
monograph  may  be  understood  by  reference  to  the  following  table,  in  which  are 
set  forth  the  views  of  a  number  of  recent  authorities : 


a  Am.  Naturalist,  vol.  39, 1905,  pp.  137-145. 

tHollick,  A.,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol  II,  1S92,  p.  98;  ibid.,  vol.  15,  1895,  pp.  3-5:  ibid.,  vol.  16, 1S96,  pp.  11  and  16. 

cLyell,  Travels  in  North  America,  vol.  1,  1845,  pp.  203-206;  Stimpson,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  29,  1860,  p.  14.5;  Shalcr,  Bull. 
Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Harvard,  vol.  16, 1889,  pp.  89-97;  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  13, 1893,  p.  16;  Bull.  New  York 
Bot.  Card.,  vol.  2,  1902,  pp.  400-401;  Woodworth,  Bull.  Geol.  Soo.  Am.,  vol.  11, 1900,  pp.  459-460;  Brown,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol. 
20,  1905,  pp.  229-238. 


CORRELATION  OF  INSULAR  AND  ALLIED  FORMATIONS.        29 


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30    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

From  an  analysis  of  the  above,  table  it  may  be  seen  that  so  far  as  the  insular 
plant-bearing  formations  are  concerned  they  occupy  a  position  which  is  included  in 
the  plastic  clays  and  clay  marls  of  White,  the  Raritan  and  Cliffwood  formations  of 
Gkrk,  and  the  Newer  (upper)  Potomac  of  Ward.  A  slight  difference  of  opinion 
msij  be  noted  in  regard  to  the  exact  geologic  age  to  which  these  formations  are 
referred,  but  there  is  a  general  agreement  in  regarding  the  Raritan  and  Cliffwood 
beds,  respectively,  as  the  summit  of  the  Lower  Cretaceous  and  the  base  of  the  Upper 
Cretaceous,  and  this  accords  with  the  paleobotanical  evidence,  as  indicated  in  the 
last  column  of  the  table,  and  as  will  be  more  fully  set  forth  in  the  botanical  discus- 
sion. It  may  also  be  pertinent  to  remark  in  tlus  connection  that  this  evidence  has 
not  hitherto  been  adequately  presented,  and  that  possibly  some  slight  modification 
of  the  views  of  the  authors  quoted  might  have  resulted  if  all  the  facts  now  in  our 
possession  had  been  known  to  them. 

In  New  Jersey  successively  liigher  horizons  in  the  Raritan  formation  are  repre- 
sented by  the  plant-bearing  deposits  at  Woodbridge,  Sayreville,  South  Amboj^,  and 
Morgans,  all  of  wluch  places  are  on  or  near  the  coast.  The  Cliffwood  formation, 
with  possibly  a  part  of  the  Matawan,  is  exposed  in  the  bluff  at  Cliffwood.  The 
plant-bearing  deposits  on  the  islands,  whose  flora  is  described  in  tMs  work,  have 
varying  Umits  at  different  locahties,  including  the  Cliffwood  formation  and  possibly 
higher  horizons  with  varying  amounts  of  the  Raritan.  The  apparent  relationships  of 
the  beds  at  the  different  locahties  are  approximately  shown  in  the  following  diagram : 

Approximate  relationships  of  beds  ai  the  different  localities. 


New  Jersey  localities. 

Island  localities. 

? 

? 

Cliffwood. 

-2. 

§ 

? 

a 
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11 

T3  t; 

Morgans. 
South  Amboy. 
Sayreville. 
Woodbridge. 

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SI 

The  "  ?"  between  Chffwood  and  Morgans  indicates  a  possibly  intermediate  bed 
whose  flora  has  not  yet  been  critical^  studied,  and  the  upper  "  ?"  indicates  that 
some  of  the  plant-bearing  beds  in  the  bluff'  at  Cliffwood  may  he  above  the  formation 
of  that  name. 


DESCRIPTIONS   OF   SPECIES. 
PTERIDOPHYTA. 

Order    FILICALES. 

Family  GLEICHENIACE^. 
Gleichenia  gracilis  Heer? 
PI.  I,  fig.  9. 

Gleichenia  gracilis  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  1874,  p.  52,  pi.  10,  figs.  1-5,  6a-ll ;  pi.  26,  figs. 

13b,  13c,  13d:   " Gleichenia  gracilis  Ileer  (?),"  HoUick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  57, 

pi.  3,  fig.  3.  '    ■ 

TMs  specimen  is  too  imperfect  for  satisfactory  comparison  with  any  descriptions 
or  figures,  and  it  is  too  fragmentary  to  serve  as  the  basis  for  a  description  of  a  new 
species.  It  is  possible  that  it  may  represent  a  larger,  lower  portion  of  a  frond  of 
Gleichenia  gracilis  than  is  depicted  in  any  of  Heer's  figures  of  that  species  (loc.  cit.), 
and  it  may  also  be  compared  with  6^.  acutiloba  Heer",  from  which  species  also  it 
seems  to  differ  mostly  in  the  smaller  size  of  its  pinnules. 

Locality:  Black  Rock  Point,  Block  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gleichenia  PEOxoGiEA  Debey  and  Ettingshausen  ? 

PI.  I,  fig.  8. 

Gleichenia  protogasa  Deb.  and  Etts.,  Denkschr.  Wien  Akad.  Wissensch.,  MaA.-jSaturwiss  CI.,  vol.  17  (Urwelt. 
Acrobryen  Kreidegebirg.  Aachen  und  Maestricht),  1859,  p.  191,  pi.  1,  figs.  11,  12,  g,  h. 

This  fragment,  although  too  small  for  satisfactory  identification  or  comparison, 
is  certainly  referable  either  to  this  or  to  one  of  the  closely  allied  species  of  GleicJienia 
from  the  Cretaceous  of  Greenland,  Switzerland,  and  Europe.'' 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  Arthur  HolUck.  Spec- 
imen in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Family  CYATHEACE^. 

♦  Thtrsopteeis  grevillioides  (Heer)  n.  comb. 

Fl.  I,  figs.  10-13. 

Sphenopteris  (p-eviUioides  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreidc-Fl.),  1874,  p.  34,  pi.  11,  figs.  10,  11;  White,  Am. 

Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  39,  1890,  p.  97,  pi.  2,  fig.  1 ;  Hollick,  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13. 
GreviUea  fenera  Yelenovsky,  Fl.  Bohm.  Kreideforra.,  pt.  4,  1885,  p.  11  [72],  pi.  7  [30],  figs.  9,  14,  16. 

oNeue  Denksch.  Schw.  GeseUsch.,  vol.  24  (Fl.  Quedlinburg) ,  1872,  p.  5,  pi.  1,  flgs.  2,  2b;  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.), 
p.  97,  pi.  26,  flgs.  14,  14b. 

bG.comptonisfoUa  (Deb.  and  Etts.)  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  .3  (Kreide-Fl.),  1874,  p.  49,  pi.  11,  flgs.  1,  2  (=DidymosOTUS 
comptoniifolius  Deb.  and  Etts.,  Denkschr.  Wien  Akad.,  etc.,  vol.  17, 1859,  p.  186,  pi.  1,  flgs.  1-5). 

G.  delicatula  Heer,  ibid.,  p.  54,  pi.  9,  flgs.  lie,  llf ;  pi.  10,  flgs.  16,  17. 

G.  Naucihoffl  Heer,  ibid.,  p.  90,  pi.  25,  flg.  4. 


32    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

These  remains  are  undoubtedly  identical  with  those  described  hj  Heer  from 
the  Cretaceous  of  Greenland  and  b_y  Velenovsky  from  the  Cretaceous  of  Bohemia. 
That  they  belong  with  the  ferns  can  hardly  be  questioned,  and  I  have  referred  them 
with  but  little  hesitation  to  the  more  modern  genus  Thyrsopteris  rather  than  to  the 
Paleozoic  genus  SpJienopteris,  which  latter  is,  in  part  at  least,  now  included  in  the 
order  Cycadofilicales. 

The  possibility  of  relationship  between  these  fragments  of  sterile  fronds  and  the 
fertile  fronds  next  described  under  the  name  Onoclea  inquirenda  (Hollick)  might  per- 
haps be  suggested,  but  so  far  as  the  facts  now  in  our  possession  are  concerned  any 
discussion  of  such  possible  relationship  would  be  of  but  httle  value.  It  may,  how- 
ever, be  pertinent  to  recall  that  several  species  of  fertile  fronds,  similar  in  appearance 
to  those  of  Onoclea,  have  been  included  b}^  Heer  in  the  genus  Thyrsopteris,  refer- 
ences to  which  may  be  found  under  the  discussion  of  Onoclea  inquirenda  in  this 
monograph. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Specimens 
in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Family  P0LYP0DIACE.5;. 
Onoclea  inquirenda  (Hollick)  n.  comb. 

PI.  I,  figs.  1-7. 

CavJinites  vnquirendus  Hollick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  406,  pi.  70,  fig.  3. 
"Fruit,  composed  of  round  carpels  or  spores,"  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21, 1894,  p.  63,  pi.  180,  fig.  11. 
Remains  consisting  of  a  simple  straight  stem  (rachis?),  with  pinnately  arranged  branchlets  (pinnse?) 
about  1-2  centimeters  in  length,  bearing  on  each  side  a  single  row  of  spheroidal  capsules  (sori?)  1-1.5  millimeters 
in  diameter. 

The  above  amended  description  is  given  for  the  reason  that  the  original  descrip- 
tion was  inadequate,  having  been  based  upon  very  fragmentary  and  incomplete 
material.  The  figure  which  accompanied  this  description  is  reproduced  on  PI.  I, 
fig.  .5.  It  apparently  represents  dismembered  parts  of  an  immature  specimen.  It 
was  included  by  me  in  the  monocotyledonous  genus  Caulinites  on  account  of  its 
similarity  in  appearance  to  the  figures  of  C.  fecundus  Lesq.,"  although  its  probable 
relationsliip  with  the  ferns  was  recognized,  and  the  reference  of  C.  fecundus  to  the 
genus  Onoclea,  by  Knowlton,''  was  mentioned. 

With  the  aid  of  the  additional  material  now  in  our  possession  we  are  enabled  to 
form  a  better  idea  of  the  general  appearance  of  the  organism  and  ra&j  consider  it 
and  other  similar  remains  as  apparentlj^  representing  the  fertile  fronds  of  ferns,  and 
the  question  of  botanical  relationsliip  is  thus  reduced  to  that  of  the  fern  genus 
which  they  most  nearly  resemble. 

Some  of  the  smaller  detached  portions  of  our  specimens  resemble  Osmunda 
petiolata  Heer''  and  0.  Ohergiana  Heer,<^  from  the  Cretaceous  of  Greenland,  and  com- 

o  Tertiary  Flora,  pi.  14,  figs.  1-3. 

i  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey  No.  152,  p.  153. 

c  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  .3  (Kreide-Fl.),  p.  57,  pi.  3,  fig8.  2c,  2d. 

dlbid.,  p.  98,  pi.  26,  fig.  9d. 


DESCEIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  33 

parisons  may  also  be  made  with  TTiyrso'pteris  Murrayana  (Brongt.)  Heer,°  T.  Maa- 
Tciana  Heer,*  T.  gracilis  Heer  '^  and  Diclcsonia  clavipes  ■  Hear,'*  from  the  Jurassic  of 
Siberia. 

Comparisons  with  living  species  of  the  above  genera,  and  with  others  having 
similar  characters,  indicate  that  our  fossils  most  nearly  resemble  Onoclea,  and  this 
resemblance  would  seem  to  justify  their  reference  to  the  genus,  even  though  we 
have  thus  far  failed  to  find  any  associated  sterile  fronds  which  could  properly  be 
included  in  it. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  I,  figs.  1-4.  Figs.  1-3  collected  by  David 
White.  Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Fig.  4  collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Little  Neck,  Northport  Harbor,  Long  Island,  PI.  I,  fig.  5.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,'  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  I,  fig.  6.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Nashaquitsa,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  I,  fig.  7.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Order  SALVINIALES. 

Family  MAKSILEACE^. 

Maesilea  Andeesoni  Hollick. 

PI.  I,  figs.  14-18. 
Marsilea  Andersoni  Hollick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  409,  pi.  71,  figs.  1-3. 

The  figures  of  the  specimens  upon  which  the  original  description  of  this  species 
was  based  are  reproduced  on  PI.  I,  figs.  14—16,  and  figures  of  leaves  of  the  hving 
Mexican  species,  M.  Holtingiana  Schaff.,  introduced  for  comparison,  are  shown  in 
figs.  19-21.  It  may  be  objected  that  the  fossil  specimens  appear  to  be  simple  pel- 
tate rather  than  compound  leaves,  but  it  is  probable  that  the  pressure  to  which  they 
were  subjected  in  the  process  of  fossilization  resulted  in  the  obhteration  of  the  lines' 
of  demarcation  between  the  leaflets,  and  this  probability  is  strongly  emphasized  by 
the  appearance  of  the  flattened  herbarium  specimens,  in  which  the  borders  of  the 
overlapping  leaflets  are  often  difficult  to  distinguish  from  the  nervation  without  the 
aid  of  a  magnifying  glass. 

Figs.  17  and  18  represent  poorly  preserved  specimens,  which  might  not  have 
received  any  attention  except  for  the  comparison  made  possible  by  the  better 
preserved  ones  first  discovered. 

Fragmentary  remains,  apparently  of  similar  appearance  to  ours,  have  been 
described  and  figured  by  several  authors  as  ferns  or  gymnosperms,  under  various 
generic  names,  and  one  which  perhaps  merits  critical  consideration  in  this  comiection 

oFl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  4  (Jura-FL),  p.  30,  gl.  1,  flgs.  4b,  4c;  pi.  2,  figs.  1,  4,  4b;  pi.  8,  fig.  lib. 

6 Ibid.,  p.  31,  pi.  1,  fig.  lb;  pi.  2,  figs.  5,  5b. 

clbid.,  p.  32,  pi.  1,  fig.  S. 

« Ibid.,  p.  33,  pi.  2,  figs.  7,  7b. 

MON   L — 06 3 


34    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

is  Cydopteris  tenue-striata  Heer"  from  the  Cretaceous  of  Portugal,  which  may  be  more 
or  less  satisfactorily  compared  with  our  fig.  1.5.  This  species  was  subsequently 
referred  by  the  same  author  to  the  genus  Ginkgo  and  was  included,  with  somewhat 
similar  remains  from  the  Cretaceous  of  Greenland,  under  the  name  G.  tenuestriaia 
Heer,''  but  their  relationship  is  not  very  apparent,  and  while  our  species  might  be 
regarded  as  generically  related  to  the  former,  it  could  hardly  be  so  considered  in  con- 
nection with  the  latter.  In  any  event  the  genus  Marsilea  would  seem  to  be  the  one 
which  possesses  external  leaf  characters  most  nearly  like  those  of  the  fossils. 

Another  organism  to  wliich  attention  may  be  called  on  account  of  its  general  super- 
ficial resemblance  to  those  just  mentioned  is  Sphenoglossum^  quadrifolium  Emmons,'' 
from  the  Triassic  of  North  Carolina,  a  plant  of  uncertain  botanical  relationship  which 
Fontaine  subsequently  suggested  renaming  Actinopteris  quadrifoliata,'^  regarding  it 
as  probably  a  fernand  comparing  itwith  A.  peltata  (Gopp.)  Schenk.^  Ward  also  refers 
to  this  speciesundertheheading"  Plants  of  doubtful  affinity"  in  his  first  paper  on  the 
"Status  of  the  Mesozoic  Floras  of  the  United  States,"-''  and  the  figure  which  accom- 
panies his  discussion  is  decidedly  suggestive.  It  is  unfortunate,  however,  that  in  no 
instance  is  the  nervation  any  more  clearly  defined,  either  in  the  description  or  in  the 
figure,  than  it  is  in  ours. 

Locality:  Manhassett  Neck,  Long  Island,  PL  I,  figs.  14-16.  Collected  by  A.  E. 
Anderson,  for  whom  the  species  is  named.     Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  I,  figs.  17,  18.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Sagenopteeis  variabilis  (Velenovsky)  Venenovsky? 
PI.  I,  fig.  22. 

Sagenopteris  variabilis  (Vel.)  Vel.,  Abh.  K.  Bohm.  Gesellsch.  Wissensch. ,  vol.  3  (Kvet.  Cesk.  Cenomanu),  1889, 

p.  40. 
TMnnfddia  variabilis  Vel.,  Gynmosp.  Bohm.  Kreideform.,  1885,  p.  6,  pi.  2,  figs.  1-.5;  pi.  .3,  fig.  12:  HoUick, 

Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  2,  1902,  p.  403,  pi.  41,  fig.  12. 
Not  T.  variabilis  Fontaine,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  15  (Potomac  or  younger  Mesozoic  Fl.),  1889,  p.  110, 

pi.  17,  figs.  3-7;  pi.  18,  figs.  1-6. 

It  is  possible  that  this  specimen  should  be  referred  to  Marsilea  Andersoni  HolHck, 
the  species  last  described,  but  as  the  nervation  characters  of  the  latter  are  not  well 
defined,  I  have  thought  it  advisable,  pending  the  possible  discovery  of  better 
preserved  specimens,  to  regard  them  merely  as  closely  related. 

Locality:  Chappaquiddick,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  Arthur  HoUick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

a  Cont.  Fl.  Foss.  Portugal,  1881,  p.  45,  pi.  19,  fig.  5. 

!>  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  18S2,  p.  14,  pi.  2,  flg.  12a. 

c  Geol.  Kept.  Midland  Counties  North  Carolina,  1856.  p.  335,  pi.  1,  flg.  2. 

dMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  C  (Cont.  Older  Mesozoic  Fl.  Virginia).  1883,  p.  121,  pi.  52,  fig.  3. 

e  Foss.  Fl.  Grenzsch.  Keupers  u.  Lias  Frankens,  1807,  p.  23,  pi.  6.  figs.  3-5. 

/Twentieth  Ann.  Eept.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  1898-99,  pt.  2,  1900,  p.  310,  pi.  47,  fig.  2. 


DESCEIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  35 

SPERIMATOPHYTA. 
Class    GYMNOSPERM^^. 

Order  CYCADALES. 

Family  CYCADACEyE. 

PoDOZAMiTES  LANCEOLATUS  (Lindley  and  Hutton)  Schimper. 

PI.  II,  fig.  1. 

Podozamites  lanceolaius  (Lind.  and  Hutt.)  Sohimp.,  Paleont.  Veg.,  vol.  2,  1870,  p.  160. 
Zamia  lanceolata  Lindl.  and  Hutt.,  Foss.  FI.  Great  Britain,  vol.  3.  1837,  pi.  194. 

Podozamites  angustifolius  (Eichwald)  Schimper.     Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays) , 
1895  (1896),  p.  44,  pi.  13,  fig.  2;  HoUick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  410,  pi.  71,  fig.  8. 

This  specimen,  the  only  perfect  cycad  leaf  thus  far  found  within  the  area  covered 
by  this  work,  is  apparently  identical  with  the  specimen  from  Woodbridge,  N.  J., 
described  and  figured  by  Newberry  as  P.  angustifolius  (loc.  cit.),  to  which  species  I 
also  formerly  considered  our  specimen  to  belong.  A  more  careful  comparison,  how- 
ever, has  led  me  to  believe  that  these  determinations  were  erroneous,  especially  after 
comparison  with  Velenovsky's  figures  of  P.  lanceolatus  from  the  Cretaceous  of 
Bohemia,"  and  Heer's  from  the  Jurassic  of  Siberia.*  This  would  impty  a  consider- 
able vertical  range  for  the  species,  but  no  greater  than  is  known  in  some  other  per- 
sistent specific  types,  and  in  this  connection  it  is  of  interest  to  record  that  in  Alaska 
there  has  been  found  a  fossil  flora  in  which  apparently  Jurassic  species  of  cycads  are 
associated  with  undoubted  Cretaceous  angiosperms.'^ 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Podozamites  sp. 

PI.  VI,  figs.  1-3. 

Podozamites  sp.,  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21, 1894,  p.  62,  pi.  180,  fig.  4;  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard, 
vol.  2,  1902,  p.  401,  pi.  41,  figs.  8,  9. 

These,  and  a  few  other  similar  fragmentary  remains,  which  probably  repre- 
sent leaves  of  cycads,  are  not  very  abundant  in  our  collections,  although  several 
species  have  been  recorded  from  the  clays  and  clay  marls  of  New  Jersey,  by  New- 
berry"* and  by  Berry,"  to  some  one  or  another  of  which  ours  might  be  referred. 

Locality:  Chappaquiddick,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  VI,  figs.  1,  3.  Collected 
by  Arthur  Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  VI,  fig.  2.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men ia  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

oGymnosp.  Bohm.  Kreideform.,  pi.  2,  flgs.  11-19,  24  in  part. 

!«  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  5  (Nachtr.  .Jura-Fl.  Irkutsk),  1878,  pi.  5,  flgs.  1-10. 

c  Manuscript  rept.  by  Dr.  F.  H.  Knowltou,  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  on  specimens  collected  by  A.  J.  Collier  in  1902.  TMs  asso- 
ciation of  floras  was  subsequently  verifled  by  means  ol  specimens  personally  collected  in  1903  at  Collier's  locality  on  Yukon 
River.  ^ 

i  Podozamites  angustifolius  (Eichw.)  Schimp.,  P.  acuminatus  Hollick,  and  P.  marginatus  Heer.  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey, 
vol.  26.  1895  (1896)  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  pp.  44,  4.5,  pi.  13,  flgs.  1-7. 

'Podozamites  marginatus  Heer.    BuU.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  99,  pi.  46,  figs.  1-3. 


36    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Order  CONIFERALES. 

Family  GINGKOACE^. 

CzEKANOwsKiA  DicHOTOMA  (Heer)  Heer? 

PI.  V,  fig.  7. 

Czekanowskia  dichotoma  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  18S2,  p.  14,  pi.  2,  figs.  12b,  12c :  pi.  3,  fig.  1. 
SderophylUna  dichotoma  Heer,  ibid.,  vol.  1,  186S,  p.  82,  pi.  44,  fig.  5;  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  1874,  p.  59,  pi.  17, 
figs.  10,  11,  lib;  pi.  20,  fig.  6d;  Hollick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  2,  1902,  p.  404,  pi.  41,  fig.  10. 

This  specimen  is  too  fragmentary  for  other  than  a  provisional  identification, 
but  it  resembles  some  of  the  dismembered  specimens  depicted  by  Heer,  especially 
those  in  his  figs.  10  and  11,  pi.  17  (loc.  cit.). 

Locality:  Chappaquiddick,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Baiera  geandis  Heer? 

PI.  II,  figs.  44-46. 
Bawra  grandis  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  1874,  p.  37,  pi.  3,  fig.  4. 

The  specimens  from  which  these  figures  were  drawn  were  selected  from  among  a 
number  of  others,  all  of  them  either  fragmentarj^  or  else  ill  defined.  Fig.  44  represents 
a  distorted  specimen,  in  which  part  of  the  margm  is  bent  underneath.  It  is  there- 
fore of  little  value  for  comparison;  but  figs.  45  and  46  agree  quite  well  with  Heer's 
figure  above  quoted.  Whatever  genus  or  species  may  be  represented  bj"  these 
remains  it  was  evidently  a  more  or  less  common  element  in  the  Cretaceous  flora  of 
this  region. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
mens in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Peotophyllocladus  subintegeifolius  (Lesquereux)  Berry. 

I 

PI.  V,  figs.  1-6. 

ProtophyUodadus  sulintegrifdlius  (Lesq.)  Berry,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  30,  1903,  p.  440;  ibid.,  vol.  31, 

1904,  p.  69,  pi.  l,fig.  5. 
PhyUodadus  suhintegiifolius  Lesq.,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  46, 1868,  p.  92. 
TUnnfddia  Lesquereuxiana  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  37,  pi.  44,  figs.  9,  10;  pi.  46,  figs. 

l-12b;  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1892,  p.  98,  pi.  3,  fig.  6;  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7, 

189.5,  p.  13;  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  .58,  pi.  3,  figs.  4,  5;  ibid.,  p.  419,  pi.  36,  fig.  6; 

Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  59,  pi.  11,  figs.  1-17. 
Thinnfddia  snhintegrifolia  (Lesq.)  Knowlton,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey  No.  152,  1898,  p.  228;  Hollick,  Bull. 

New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  2,  1902,  p.  403,  pi.  41,  figs.  13,  14. 

This  species  was  evidently  an  important  element  in  the  Cretaceous  flora  of 
North  America.  It  is  represented  in  the  collections  of  Heer  from  Greenland  and 
of  Lesquereux  and  others  from  the  western  United  States.     It  has  been  found  in 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  37 

the  clay  marls  of  New  Jersey;  it  is  one  of  the  most  abundant  species  in  clays  of  that 
State,  and  a  number  of  specimens  have  been  collected  on  Staten  Island,  Block 
Island,  and  Marthas  Vineyard. 

Locality:  Black  Rock  Point,  Block  Island,  PI.  V,  figs.  1,  2.  Collected  by 
Arthur  Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Chappaquiddick,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  V,  figs.  3,  4.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  V,  fig.  5.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Princess  Bay,  Staten  Island,  PL  V;  fig.  6.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Ai-ts  and  Sci. 

Family  PINACE^. 

Dammara  boeealis  Heer. 

PI.  II,  figs.  y-U  in  part,  12-26  in  part',  27a. 

Dammara  horealis  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  54,  pi.  37,  fig.  5;  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York 

Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  31,  pi.  1,  fig.  17;  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  2,  1902,  p.  402,  pi.  41,  fig. 

6;  Fifty-fifth  Ann.  Rept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  r49;  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey, 

vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  46,  pi.  10,  fig.  8. 
"Seed  vessels  of  coniferous  plants,"  Hitchcock,  Final  Rept.  Geol.  Massachusetts,  1841,  p.  430,  pi.  19,  figs.  4,  5. 
Dammara  microlepis  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6   (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  55,  pi.  40,  fig.  5;  Hollick,  Bull.  New 

York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  410,  pi.  71,  figs.  9,  10. 
Eucalyptus  GeiniizilieeT,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6,  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  93,  pi.  45,  figs.  4-9;  pi.  46,  fig.  12d;  White, 

Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  39,  1890,  p.  98,  pi.  2,  figs.  9,  10. 
Dammara  Cliffwoodensis  Hollick  [?],  Berry,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Ga,rd.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  61,  pi.  48,  figs.  8-11; 

Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  31,  1904,  p.  69,  pi.  1,  fig.  11. 

These  scale-like  organisms,  which  are  among  the  most  abundant  and  charac- 
teristic remains  found  in  the  Cretaceous  deposits  of  America  and  Europe,  are  referred 
to  the  genus  Dammara  for  the  sake  of  convenience  rather  than  from  a  con- 
viction that  this  represents  their  true  generic  relationship,  and  this  uncertainty 
has,  if  anything,  been  increased  rather  than  diminished  by  the  large  amount  of 
material  which  has  recently  been  brought  to  light,  but  there  seems  to  be  but  little 
question  that  all  the  specimens  are  coniferous,  including  those  which  Heer  regarded 
as  the  fruit  of  Eucalyptus  Oeinitzi  (loc.  cit.).  Heer  recognized  three  species  of 
Dammara  from  Greenland  {D.  macrosperma,  D.  horealis,  and  D.  microlepis),  but 
I  have  found  it  impossible  to  draw  any  line  of  specific  distinction  in  the  series  of 
similar  specimens  represented  by  our  figures.  Intermediate  forms  between  the 
larger  ones,  shown  in  figs.  2-6,  which  are  apparently  identical  with  D.  horealis 
(loc.  cit.)  and  the  smaller  ones  shown  in  figs.  23-27a,  which  I  can  not  distinguish 
from  D.  microlepis  (loc.  cit.),  might  be  equally  well  referred  to  either  species,  as 
may  be  seen  by  comparing  these  with  figs.  7-22,  and  hence  I  have  included  all 
under  one  specific  name. 

The  first  discovery  of  these  organisms  was  apparently  made  on  Marthas  Vineyard 
and  is  to  be  credited  to  Edward  Hitchcock,  by  whom  they  were  described  and  fig- 
ured, but  not  named.     These  figures  are  reproduced  on  PI.  II,  figs.  12,  21,  from  his 


38    FLORA  OF  SOUTHEEN  NEW  YOEK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Final  Report  of  the  Geology  of  Massachusetts,  vol.  2,  1841,  pi.  19,  figs.  4,  5,  and  it  is 
interesting  to  recall  that  he  recognized  their  probable  coniferous  relationships  in  the 
followTiig  words  (loc.  cit.,  p.  430): 

Figs.  4  and  .5  represent  diflferent  individuals  of  another  variety  of  vegetable  remains.  *  *  *  These  are 
not  mere  impressions :  but  a  scale  of  carbonaceous  matter,  rmxed  with  amber,  marks  the  spot  where  the  vege- 
table was  imprisoned.  The  amber  occupies  longitudinal  ridges,  which  in  the  plate  are  represented  by  white 
stripes.  It  seems  to  me  very  obvious  that  these  remains  must  be  the  seed  vessels  of  coniferous  plants.  The 
amber  shows  that  they  abounded  in  resin.     *     *     * 

David  White  was  the  next  tc  describe  and  figure  specimens  fi'om  the  same  locahty, 
in  the  American  Journal  of  Science,  vol.  39,  1890,  p.  98,  pi.  2,  figs.  9,  10,  which  he 
referred  to  Eucalyptus  Geiniizi  Heer,  remarking  that  the  longitudinal  furrows  filled 
with  resin  "doubtless  are  the  remains  of  gum  or  oil  vessels,  such  as  exist  in  the  nuts 
of  recent  Eucah-pts."  His  figures  are  reproduced  on  PI.  II,  figs.  6,  15.  A  number 
of  similar  specimens  were  previously  described  and  figured  by  Velenovsky,  from  the 
Cretaceous  of  Bohemia,  as  the  fruit  of  Eucalyptus  Geinitzi,"  all  more  or  less  closely 
associated  with  leaves  of  that  species,  although  subsequently  the  same  author 
referred  what  are  apparently  specimens  of  the  same  to  Dammara  lorealis  Heer."  Heer 
was  liimself  also  apparently  in  doubt  on  the  subject  of  their  generic  relationship,  inas- 
much as  he  says,  in  regard  to  Dammara  microlepis  (loc.  cit.,  p.  55),  that  it  "has  a 
resemblance  to  the  flower  buds  of  Eucalyptus  Geinitzi." 

Newberry,  in  discussing  the  probable  botanical  relationsliip  of  specimens  from  the 
Cretaceous  of  New  Jersey,  on  pp.  46,  47  of  the  Flora  of  the  Amboy  Clays  (loc.  cit.), 
says: 

In  his  Flora  FossUis  Arctica  (loc.  cit.)  Professor  Heer  describes  and  figures  the  scales  of  a  cone  of  a  conifer 
which  very  much  resemble  those  of  Dammara  ausiralis,  and  yet  there  are  some  reasons  for  doubting  the  accu- 
racy of  his  reference.  It  may  also  be  said  that  the  fruit  scales  which  he  calls  Eucahjptus  Oeinitzi  *  *  *  are 
without  doubt  genericaUy  the  same.  *  *  *  The  considerations  which  have  led  me  to  doubt  whether  these 
cone  scales  are  those  of  Dammara  are  that  we  have  found  no  Dammara-Vike  leaves  associated  with  them, 
whereas  in  one  locality  in  New  Jersey  they  occur  in  great  numbers  mingled  with  and  apparently  attached  to  the 
branchlets  of  an  e.xtremelj-  delicate  conifer  much  like  Heer's  Jiiniperus  macilenta.  *  *  *  Another  reason 
for  doubting  whether  these  are  the  scales  of  a  species  of  Dammara  is  that  in  some  of  them  traces  of  two  seeds 
are  apparently  visible,  while  in  Dammara  there  is  but  one  seed  under  each  scale. 

The  association  of  cone  scales  and  branchlets  above  mentioned  was  not  figured, 
but  specimens  were  recentty  found  in  a  collection  fi'om  Woodbridge,  N.  J.,  with 
labels  in  Doctor  Newberry's  handwriting,  in  which  the  association  is  well  shown,  and 
the  probable  identity  of  the  branchlets  with  a  species  of  Juniperus,  probably  J. 
liypnoidesHe&v,  is  strongly  indicated,'^  although  any  former  actual  hving  connection 
between  them  can  not  be  determined. 

Another  instance  of  close  association  of  sinular  scales  with  angiospermous  leaves 
is  described  and  figured  by  F.  Krasser,  under  Eucalyptus  Geinitzi,  from  the  Creta- 
ceous of  Moravia,**  but  the  proof  of  any  actual  comiection  between  them  is  appar- 
ently no  more  satisfactory^  than  in  the  other  mstance  noted,  or  than  is  indicated  on 
our  PI.  II,  fig.  11,  where  a  scale  of  Dammara  is  shown  superimposed  on  a  fragment  of 
Poacites. 

a  Fl.  Bohm.  Krcidcform.,  pt.  4,  1885,  p.  1  (62),  pi.  1  (24),  figs.  1,  2;  pi.  2  (2.5),  figs.  6-11;  pi.  4  (27).  flg.  13  in  part. 

t  Al)h.  K.  13olim.  Ocscllsch.  Wis.s.,  vol.  3  (Kvet.  Cfsk.  Ccnomanu).  1SS9.  p.  7,  pi.  1,  flgs.  28,  29. 

cSee  PI.  II,  figs.  20  in  part,  27b,  28. 

dBcitr.  Pal.  Ocstr.-Ung.,  vol.  10,  pt.3  (Kreidell.  Kunstuilt),  1896  ,  p.  134  (22),  pi.  16  (6),  figs.  3,  6. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  39 

In  view,  therefore,  of  these  conflicting  facts  and  opinions,  I  have  thought  it  advis- 
able, until  more  definite  evidence  may  be  available,  to  include  all  of  these  scale-like 
organisms  under  one  generic  name  and  to  regard  them,  at  least  tentatively,  as  belong- 
ing with  the  Coniferales.  In  this  connection  I  have  introduced,  for  comparison,  the 
type  figures  of  Dammara  (?)  cUffiooodensis  Hollick,"  which,  together  with  the  sjDeci- 
mens  recognized  under  D.  iorealis  Heer  and  the  two  species  next  described,  give  a 
complete  representation  of  these  organisms  thus  far  fpund  in  our  vicinity.  The 
specimens  identified  as  D.  diffwoodensis  by  Berry*  I  am  inclined  to  consider  as 
more  properly  referable  to  the  smaller  forms  of  D.  borealis. 

Fmally  may  be  noted  the  scales  described  and  figured  by  Knowlton  from  the 
Judith  River  beds  of  Montana,  under  the  name  Dammara  acicularis,"  which  differ 
from  most  of  our  specimens  merely  in  the  possession  of  a  relatively  long  awn  at  the 
apex.  This  feature,  however,  is  not  altogether  wantmg  m  some  of  ours,  as  may  be 
seen  in  PI.  II,  fig.  27a,  and  it  is  possible  that  it  may  have  been  present  in  the  others 
but  was  not  preserved,  and  as  a  matter  of  fact  it  is  not  indicated  in  Knowlton's  fig.  3, 
which,  if  taken  by  itself,  would  unquestionably  be  regarded  as  a  small  specimen  of 
D.  iorealis. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  II,  figs.  2-11  in  part,  12,  15-22  (figs. 
2-11  in  part,  15-20,  22  collected  by  David  Wliite,  specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.; 
figs.  12,  21  collected  by  Edward  Hitchcock). 

Chappaquiddick,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  II,  fig.  13.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  m  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  II,  fig.  14.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  II,  figs.  23,  24.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Woodbridge,  N.  J.,  PI.  II,  figs.  25,  26  in  part,  27a.  Specimens  in  Mus.  New 
York  Bot.  Gard. 

Dammara  northpoetensis  Hollick. 

PI.  II,  figs.  33,  34. 
Dammara  Northportensis  Hollick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  405,  pi.  70,  figs.  1,  2. 

This  species,  at  the  time  it  was  originally  described,  was  thought  to  be  peculiar 
to  the  clays  at  Northport,  Long  Island,  where  it  was  first  found,  but  recently  speci- 
mens have  been  identified  from  the  Cretaceous  clays  of  New  Jersey,  and  what 
may  be  the  same  species  from  those  of  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island,  where  it  is 
quite  abundant.  These  latter  discoveries,  however,  were  made  too  late  for  detailed 
investigation  and  inclusion  in  this  work.  The  only  other  coniferous  remains  found 
associated  with  them  at  Northport  are  leafy  branches  of  Brachyphyllum  macrocar- 
pu-m  Newb.,  but  at  the  other  localities  mentioned  a  number  of  other  coniferous 
genera  also  occur. 

Locality :  Little  Neck,  Northport  Harbor,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

a  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  16,  1897,  p.  128,  pi.  11,  figs.  5-8  (see  PI.  II,  flgs.  29-33). 
t  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  61,  pi.  48,  flgs.  8-11. 
cBuU.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey  No.  257,  1905,  p.  134,  pi.  15,  figs.  2-5. 


40    FLOKA  OF  SOUTHEEN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Dammara  minor  n.  sp. 

PI.  II,  figs.  35-37. 

Dammara  microlepis  Heer?  HoUick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  57,  pi.  3,  figs.  9a,  9b. 

ScaTes  top-shaped  to  rounded  kite-shaped,  about  5-8  millimeters  wide  above  by  4-5  millimeters  long;  resin 
ducts  relatively  large. 

At  the  time  the  first  of  these  specimens  were  found,  on  Block  Island,  they  were 
provisionally  referred  to  Dammara  microlepis  Heer,  with  the  following  note  (loc.  cit., 
p.  57) : 

The  specimens  figured  on  our  plate  are  undoubtedly  referable  to  the  organisms  which  have  been  called 
Dammara  and  Eucalyptus,  from  the  Cretaceous  of  America  and  the  Old  World.  The  ones  under  consideration 
are,  however,  smaller  than  any  which  have'  been  previously  figured,  and  might  perhaps  be  referred  to  a  new 
species ;  but,  in  view  of  the  limited  amount  of  material  and  its  fragmentary  condition,  I  have  thought  it  best  to 
refer  the  specimens  provisionally  to  Heer's  species. 

Since  then  further  material  has  been  discovered  m  the  Cretaceous  clays  at 
Kreischerville,  Staten  Island,  and  I  am  now  satisfied  that  the  specimens  should  be 
given  a  distinct  specific  rank.  They  are  much  smaller  than  any  previously  described, 
with  shorter  limbs,  and  they  contain  a  relatively  greater  amount  of  resin.  They  are 
quite  plentiful  m  the  amber  bed  at  Kreischerville,  recently  described  by  me." 

Locality:  Balls  Point,  Block  Island,  PI.  II,  figs.  35,  36.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Kreischerville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  II,  fig.  37.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

PiNUS   sp. 

PI.  II,  figs.  39,  47,  48. 

"Pinvs,  sp.?"  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  31,  pi.  1,  figs.  13,  20,  22:  Newberry 
Men.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  AmboyClays),  1895  (1896),  p.  47,  pi.  9,  figs.  5,  6. 

Cones,  more  or  less  fragmentary,  detached  scales,  and  leaves,  almost  certainly 
belonging  to  pine  trees,  are  abundantly  represented  in  the  Cretaceous  deposits  of  this 
vicinity,  especially  in  the  clays  at  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island,  but  in  no  instance 
have  they  been  found  sufficiently  well  preserved  for  satisfactory  identification  with 
any  described  species.  The  fascicles  of  leaves  appear  to  be  in  threes  and  the  cones 
to  be  of  medium  size. 

Similar  remains  from  the  Cretaceous  of  New  Jersey  are  described  by  Newberry 
(loc.  cit.),  and  he  also  describes  and  figures  the  leaves  as  occurring  in  tliree-leaved 
fascicles,  but  says:  "No  cones  have  been  found  with  them  wliich  could  certainly 
be  attributed  to  the  genus  Pinus,  but  some  wliich  are  considerably  macerated  and 
decayed     *     *     *     may  perhaps  have  been  pine  cones     *     *     *     ." 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  II,  figs.  39,  48.  Collected  by 
David  White.     Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Kreischerville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  II,  fig.  47.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

o  Am.  Naturalist,  vp'.  03,  1905,  pp.  137-14S.  pis.  1-3. 


DESCEIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  41 

CuNNiNGHAMiTES  ELEGANS  (Corda)  EndUcher. 

PI.  Ill,  fig.  1. 

Cwnninghamites  degans  (Corda)  Endl.,  Sjmop.  Conif.,  1847,  p.  270;  Newbeny,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26 
(Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  48,  pi.  5,  figs.  1-7;  Holliok,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  16, 1897, 
p.  129,  pi.  11,  fig.  2;  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  2, 1902,  p.  402,  pi.  41,  fig.  11 ;  Berry,  Bull.  New  York 
Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3, 1903,  p.  64  ( «) ;  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  31, 1904,  p.  70,  pi.  3,  figs.  7-9, 11. 

OunningJmmia  degans  Corda, in  Reuss,  V^^stei^.  Bohm.  Kreideform.  (abth.  2),  1846,  p.  93,  pi.  49,  figs.  29-31. 

Tlie  single  specimen  of  this  well-defined  species  here  figured  is  the  only  one  thus 
far  found  within  the  insular  area,  although  it  is  not  rare  in  both  the  Raritan  and 
Cliff  wood  formations  in  New  Jersey.  It  occurs  in  the  upper  Cretaceous  of  Europe,  in 
the  Patoot  beds  of  Greenland,  and  has  recently  been  identified  from  the  Judith  River 
beds  of  Montana,"  but,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  has  never  been  recorded  fi'om  any 
typical  Dakota  group  locaUty.  We  have  generally  regarded  it  as  one  of  the  charac- 
teristic eastern  Cretaceous  speci§s  which  served  to  indicate  the  closer  relationship 
with  the  Cretaceous  of  Greenland  and  Europe  than  with  that  of  the  western  United 
States,  but  this  view,  in  the  light  of  the  above-mentioned  discovery,  must  now  be 
somewhat  modified. 

Locality:  Chappaquiddick,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Sequoia  heteeophtlla  Velenovsky. 

PL  III,  figs.  2,  3. 

Seguma7ieterophyUaYe\.,GymRosp.  Bohm.  Kreideform,  1885,  p.  22,  pi.  12,  fig.  12;  pi.  13,  figs.  2-4,  6-9;  Hollick, 
Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  30,  pi.  1,  fig.  21;  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26 
(Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  49,  pi.  6,  figs.  1-13. 

Fragmentary  remains  of  this  species  occur  in  the  clays  at  KJreischerviUe,  Staten 
Island,  but  thus  far  they  have  not  been  found  elsewhere  within  the  area  covered  by 
this  monograph,  although  the  species  is  abundantly  represented  in  the  Amboy  clays 
of  New  Jersey,  and  is  reported  from  the  Potomac  of  Virginia  and  the  Judith  River 
beds  of  Montana.  It  is  a  characteristic  element  in  the  Cretaceous  of  Europe,  and 
it  is  somewhat  remarkable  that  it  has  not  been  recorded  from  any  of  the  Greenland 
horizons. 

Locality:  Ki-eischerville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Fig.  2, 
specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.;  fig.  3,  specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island 
Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Sequoia  ambigua  Heer. 

PI.  Ill,  figs.  7,  8. 

Sequoia  amhigua  Heer,  Fl.Foss.Arct.,  vol.  3  (abth.  2),  1874,  p. 78,  pi.  21,  figs.  1,  2a-9a,  10a,  10c,  1 1 ;  White,  Am. 
Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  39,  1890,  p.  97,  pi.  2,  figs.  2,  3;  Uhler,  Trans.  Md.  Acad.  Sci.,  vol,  1, 1892  (1901),  p.  207; 
Hollick,  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13. 

The  recorded  occurrence  of  this  species  within  the  insular  area  is  thus  far  con- 
fined to  the  Gay  Head  locaUty,  and  it  has  not  as  yet  been  reported  from  any  of  the 

aKnowlton,  F.  H.,  Fossil  plants  of  the  Judith  Eiver  beds:  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey  No.  257, 1905,  p.  135,  pi.  15,  fig.  1. 


42    FLORA  OF  SOUTHEEN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

New  Jersey  horizons.  The  relatively  broad  and  blunt  leaves  serve  to  distinguish 
it  however,  from  the  other  species  of  Sequoia  with  which  it  is  associated  and 
leave  but  Httle  doubt  in  regard  to  its  identity  with  the  Greenland  (Kome)  speci- 
mens figured  by  Heer  (loc.  cit.) .  Our  specimens  indeed  appear  to  resemble  the  latter 
much  more  closely  than  do  those  referred  to  this  species  by  Fontaine,  fi-om  the 
lower  Cretaceous  of  Virginia."  As  it  has  not  been  identified  in  any  deposits  of  the 
Old  World  Cretaceous,  we  may  perhaps  regard  it  as  a  Greenland-eastern  North 
America  species. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.     Collected  by  David  White.     Speci- 
mens in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Sequoia  Reichenbachi  (Geinitz)  Heer. 

PL  II,  fig.  40;  PI.  Ill,  figs.  4,  5. 

Sequoia  Reichenbaehi  (Gein.)  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.Arct.,  vol.  1,  1868,  p.  83,  pi.  43,  figs.  Id.,  2b,  5a,  5d,5dd,  8,  8b; 
Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  49,  pi.  9,  fig.  19;  Hoi. 
Uck,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  16,  1897,  p.  128,  ,  pi.  12,  figs.  3b,  5;  Berrj-,  Bull.  New  York  Bot. 
Card.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  59,  pi.  48,  figs.  1.5-17,  18«,  20;   Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  31,  1904,  p.  69,  pi. 

4,  fig.  8. 

Araucarites  BeichenbacU  Gein.,  Charakter.  Schichten  u.  Petref.  Sachs.-Bohm.  Kreidegeb.,  vol.  3,  1842,  p.  98, 

pi.  24,  fig.  4. 
Sequoia  Couttsisn  Hear.     Holliek,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  30,  pi.  1,  fig.  5. 

The  cone  here  included  (see  PI.  II,  fig.  40)  is  somewhat  larger  than  any  speci- 
men of  the  species  which  I  have  seen  elsewhere  depicted,  and  hence  this  reference 
may  be  questioned,  but  in  regard  to  the  le&ij  twigs  there  can  hardly  be  any  doubt 
that  they  belong  to  the  species  as  generally  recognized.  The  genus  Sequoia,  how- 
ever, needs  careful  revision,  and  if  this  is  ever  done  it  is  probable  that  the  number  of 
species  will  either  be  reduced  or  at  least  may  undergo  considerable  rearrangement, 
as  may  be  seen  merely  by  comparing  certain  figures  of  five  Cretaceous  species  so 
described  or  referred  hj  Heer  and  Lesquereux  alone.''  If  such  a  revision  should 
result  in  restricting  or  modifying  the  great  horizontal  and  vertical  range  now  neces- 
sarily imphed  in  the  recognition  of  the  validity  of  some  of  these  species,  it  would 
obviate  some  of  the  suspicions  which  I  beheve  nearly  all  paleobotanists  have  enter- 
tained in  this  connection.  S.  Reichenbaehi  alone,  as  we  now  recognize  it,  has  a  geo- 
graphical distribution  which  includes  the  United  States,  Canada,  Greenland,  and 
Europe,  and  a  range  in  time  winch  apparent^  includes  the  upper  part  of  the  Jurassic 
and  the  whole  of  the  Cretaceous  period. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  II,  fig.  40.  Collected  by  David 
White.     Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Kreischerville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  Ill,  figs.  4,  5.  Collected  by  Arthur  Holliek. 
Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

oMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  15  (Potomac  Fl.),  p.  245,  pi.  118,  flg.  2;  pi.  120,  flgs.  1-6;  pi.  127,  flg.  5;  pi.  132,  fig.  3. 

bS.  Reichenbaehi  (Gein.)  Heer,  loc.  cit.  and  ibid.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  pi.  12,  fig.  7d;  pi.  20,  fig.  7a;  pi.  22,  flg.  5f;  pi.  36, 

flgs.  1-8. 

5.  sublata  Heer,  ibid.,  pi.  34,  flg.  la;  ibid.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  pi.  17,  flg.  1. 
S.fastigiala  (Stemb.)  Heer,  ibid.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  pi.  27,  flgs.  6,  6;  pi.  38,  flg.  13. 
S.  concinna  Heer,  ibid.,  vol.  7,  pi.  51,  fig.  9;  pi.  53,  flg.  lb. 

S.  condila  Lesq.,  Eighth  Ann.  Rept.  V.  S.  Geol.  and  Geog.  Survey  Terr.,  1874  (1876),  pi.  4,  flg.  7. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  43 

Sequoia  fastigiata  (Sternberg)  Heer? 

PL  III,  fig.  15. 

Sequoia  fastigiata  (Sternb.)  Heer,  Neue  Denkschr.  Schw.  Gesellsch.,  vol.  23  (Fl.  Moletein),  1869,  p.  11,  pi.  1, 

figs.  10-13. 
Caulerpites  fastigiatus  Sternb.,  Verst.,  vol.  2,  1833,  p.  23. 

This  specimen  agrees  better  with  some  of  the  later  of  Heer's  figures"  than  it 
does  with  his  original  reference  (loc.  cit.),  but  the  group  in  which  it  may  be 
included — with  S.  gracilis  Heer  and  S.  concinna  Heer — requires  carefid  revision  and 
rearrangement.  For  this  reason,  and  also  because  of  the  fragmentary  character  of 
our  specimen  and  the  fact  that  the  species  has  heretofore  been  recorded  from  the 
United  States  only  in  the  Dakota  group  of  Kansas,  I  have  thought  it  best  to  ques- 
tion the  specific  reference. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Sequoia  gracilis  Heer? 

PI.  Ill,  fig.  14 

Sequoia  gracilis  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  1S74,  p.  80,  pi.  18,  fig.  Ic;  pi.  22,  figs.  la-5e,  7-10. 

This  specimen  is  too  imperfectly  preserved  for  accurate  comparison  or  positive 
identification,  and  it  might  almost  equally  well  be  referred  to  certain  forms  of 
S.  concinna  Heer,''  from  memj  of  which  it  can  hardly  be  distinguished. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Sequoia  sp. 
PI.  Ill,  fig.  6. 
Sequoia  sp.,  HolKck,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  410,  pi.  72,  fig.  2. 

This  specimen  is  manifestly  too  fragmentary  for  satisfactory  specific  identifica- 
tion, and  while  it  might  be  referred  to  some  one  or  another  of  the  species  in  the  group 
to  which  S.  ReicJieniacM  may  be  considered  as  belongmg,  such  reference  could  be 
provisional  only,  and  I  have  thought  it  as  well  to  merely  place  it  under  its  generic 
name. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Holhck.  Specimen  m 
Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Cone  of  Sequoia  concinna  Heer. 

PL  II,  fig.  41. 

Sequoia  concinna  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  7,  1883,  p.  13,  pi.  49,  figs.  8b,  8c;  pi.  50,  fig.  lb;  pi.  51,  figs.  2-10; 

pi.  52,  figs.  1-3;  pi.  53,  fig.  lb. 
"Eucalyptus  Geinitzi,  flower?,"  White,  Am.  Jour.  ScL,  vol.  39,  1890,  p.  98,  pi.  2,  fig.  11. 

Our  figure  was  drawn  from  the  same  specimen  as  that  figured  by  White,  above 
quoted,  which  he  referred  provisionally  to  the  fiower  of  Eucalyptus  Geinitzi  Heer, 
but  in  regard  to  which  he  remarks  (loc.  cit.,  p.  98) :  "It  may  belong  to  a  conifer." 

a  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  pi.  3,  fig.  7;  ibid.,  vol.  7,  pi.  51,  flg.  12;  pi.  53,  figs.  3,  4. 
t>  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  7,  pi.  52,  flgs.  2,  3. 


44    FLOEA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

That  this  latter  suggestion  is  probably  correct  may  be  seen  by  comparing  the  figure 
with  Heer's  fig.  Sc,  pi.  49  (loc.  cit.). 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Cone  of  Sequoia  sp. 
PI.  II,  fig.  42. 

This  is  apparently  a  water-worn  inner  portion  of  a  Sequoia  cone,  such  as  is  fre- 
quently found  in  accumulations  of  vegetable  debris  which  have  been  subjected  to 
attrition  b}^  water  transportation. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

BEACHTPHTi.LtrM  MACKOCAEPUM  Newbcrry. 
PI.  Ill,  figs.  9,  10. 

BrachyphyUum  macrocarpum  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  51 

(footnote),  pi.  7,  figs.  1-7;  HoUick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  406,  pi.  70,  figs.  4,  5; 

Beriy,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  32,  1905,  p.  44,  pi.  2,  fig.  9. 
Tliuites  crassus  Lesq.,  Cret.  and  Tert.  Fl.,  1883  (1884),  p.  32. 

BracTiyphyUum  crassum  Lesq.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  10,  1887,  p.  34;  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17 
■      (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  32,  pi.  2,  fig.  5;  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays), 

1895  (1896),  p.  51,  pi.  7,  figs.  1-7.     Not  B.  crassum  Tennison-Woods,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  New  South  Wales, 

vol.  7,  1883,  p.  660. 

This  well-defiued  species  occurs  in  the  clays  at  Northport,  Long  Island,  Kreisch- 
erville,  Staten  Island,  South  Amboy,  N.  J.,  and  in  the  clay  marl  at  Clifl^wood,  N.  J. 
It  is  hardly  to  be  distinguished  from  Ecliinostrohus  squammosus  Vel.,"  and  may 
prove  to  be  identical  with  it. 

Locality:  Little  Neck,  Northport  Harbor,  Long  Island.  Collected  b}'  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

WiDDRiNGTONiTES  Reichii  ( Ettinghauseii)  Heer. 
PI.  IV,  figs.  6-S. 

Widdrinfftordtes  Reichii  (Etts.)  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  51,  pi.  28,  fig.  5;  Newberry,  Mon 
U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  57,  pi.  S,  figs.  1-5. 

Frenelites  Reichii  Etts.,  Kreidef.  Niederschoena,  1867,  p.  246,  pi.  1,  figs.  lOa-lOc;  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York 
Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  29,  pi.  1,  fig.  23;  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13. 

This  species,  originally  described  from  the  Cretaceous  of  Saxony,  is  very  abun- 
dant in  the  clays  of  New  Jersey  and  at  lireischerville,  Staten  Island,  and  it  is  also 
represented  ia  the  collections  made  on  Marthas  Vineyard.  It  is  one  of  the  species 
which  may  be  regarded  as  indicating  the  close  equivalence  of  the  Cretaceous  of 
eastern  North  America  with  that  of  Greenland  and  Europe,  rather  than  with  that 
of  the  western  United  States,  whence  it  has  not  as  yet  been  recorded. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  IV,  figs.  6,  7.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  TV,  fig.  8.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

a  Gymnosp.  Bohm.  Kreideform.,  p.  16,  pi.  6,  figs.  3.  6-S. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.       -  45 

WiDDEINGTONITES    SXJBTILIS    Heer. 

PI.  IV,  figs.  2-5. 

Widdnngtonites  suUilis  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  1874,  p.  101,  pi.  28,  figs.  1-lc;  HoUick,  Bull. 

Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13;  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895 

(1896),  p.  57,  pi.  10,  figs.  2-4. 
WiMringtonites  Reichii  (Etts.)  Heer?  HoUick,  Ann.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  58,  pi.  3,  fig.  8. 

This  species,  unlike  W.  Reichii,  appears  to  be  restricted  in  its  geographical  distribu- 
tion to  Greenland  and  the  eastern  United  States,  although  certain  of  the  coniferous 
remains  from  the  Cretaceous  of  Bohemia,  referred  by  Velenovsky  to  Cyparissidium 
minimum  Vel."^  and  to  Juniperus  macilenta  Heer,^  present  a  striking  superficial 
resemblance  to  it. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  IV,  figs.  2-4.  Collected  by  David 
White.     Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Black  Rock  Point,  Block  Island,  PI.  IV,  fig.  5.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

WiDDEINGTONITES    FASCICULATUS    U.  Sp. 
PI.  IV,  fig.  1. 

Branches  and  branchlets  thick  and  inflated,  the  latter  terminating  in  relatively  short  fascicles  of  deli- 
cate, minutely-leaved  twigs. 

Tliis  specimen  has  somewhat  the  appearance  of  a  certain  form  of  W.  suUilis 
Heer,''  in  regard  to  which  he  says  (loc.  cit.,  p.  101) : 

In  many  specimens  the  twigs  are  more  closely  -grouped.  *  >  *  *  They,  and  also  the  leaves,  are  strongly 
appressed,  on  account  of  which  the  plant  presents  a  different  appearance.  I  at  first  took  it  to  be  a  Trichomanes, 
until  a  more  exact  investigation  convinced  me  that  it  represented  the  closely  fascicled  twigs  of  W.  suhtilis,  on 
which,  with  a  magnifying  glass,  one  could  see  the  small  appressed  leaves. 

Our  specimen,  however,  appears  to  be  so  distinctive  that  it  seems  to  be  deserving 
of  a  new  specific  name,  under  which,  if  thought  advisable,  Heer's  figure  above 
referred  to  might  be  included. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  Wliite.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Frenelopsis  Hoheneggeei  (Ettingshausen)  Schenk? 
PI.  IV,  figs.  9,  10. 

Frenelopsis  HoJieneggeri  (Etts.)  Schenk,  Palaeontog.,  vol.  19  (Heft.  I),  1869,  p.  13,  pi.  4,  figs.  5-7;  pi.  5,  figs. 
1,  2;  pi.  6,  figs.  1-6;  pi.  7,  fig.  1;  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895 
(1896),  p.  58,  pi.  12,  figs.  4,  5;  Hollick,  BuU.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3, 1904,  p.  410,  pi.  72,  fig.  1;  Berry, 
Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  31,  1904,  p.  71,  pi.  4,  figs.  9,  10. 

Thuites  Hoheneggeri  Etts.,  Abh.  K.-K.  Geol.  Reichsanst.,  vol.  1  (abth.  3,  no.  2),  1852,  p.  26,  pi.  1,  figs.  6,  7. 

These  remains  are  so  indefinite  that  I  have  merely  referred  them  provisionally 
to  this  species,  and  in  this  I  have  been  largely  influenced  by  the  fact  that  similar 
remains,  found  ia  the  clays  and  clay  marls  of  New  Jersey,  have  been  so  referred  by 
Newberry  and  Berry  (loc.  cit.) 

aGymnosp.  Bohm.  Kreidetorm.,  p.  19,  pi.  10,  flg.  4. 

6  Ibid.,  p.  29,  pi.  11,  figs.  3,  4,  6;  pi.  12,  flg.  1. 

cFl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  pi.  28,  flg.  Ic. 


46    FLOEA  OF  SOUTHEEN  NEW  YOEK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Locality:  Center  Island,  Oyster  Bay,  Long  Island,  PI.  IV,  fig.  9.  Collected  by 
Arthur  Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  IV,  fig.  10.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

MoRicoNiA  CYCLOTOXON  Dcbey  and  Ettingshausen. 

PI.  Ill,  figs.  16,  17. 

Moriconia  cydotoxon  Deb.  and  Etts.,  Denkschr.  Wieu  Akad.,  vol.  17,  1S59,  p.  239,  pi.  7,  figs.  23-27;  New- 
berry, Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol,  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  55,  pi.  10,  figs.  11-21; 
Hollick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  57,  pi.  3,  fig.  10;  ibid,  p.  418,  pi.  37,  fig.  8; 
Berry,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  65,  pi.  43,  fig.  4;  pi.  48,  figs.  1-4;  BuU.  Torrey  Bot. 
Club,'vol.31,1904,  p.  70. 

Tins  well-marked  species  is  not  uncommon  in  the  clays  at  Kreischerville  and 
sparingly  elsewhere  on  Staten  Island  and  on  Block  Island.  In  New  Jersey,  both  in 
the  clays  and  in  the  clay  marls,  it  is  abundantly  represented.  In  common  with  Wid- 
dringtonites  Reichii  (Etts.)  Heer,  it  may  be  regarded  as  one  of  the  conifers  peculiar 
to  the  Cretaceous  of  eastern  North  America,  Greenland,  and  Europe,  as  it  has  not 
'yet  been  recorded  fi'om  any  locality  in  the  western  United  States. 

Locality:  Princess  Bay,  Staten  Island,  PI.  Ill,  fig.  16.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Black  Eock  Point,  Block  Island,  PI.  Ill,  fig.  17.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hol- 
hck.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

CYPAEissmniM  GRACiLE  (Hcer)  Heer?. 
PI.  Ill,  fig.  11. 

Gyparissidium  gracUe  (Heer)  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  1874,  p.  74,  pi.  17,  figs.  5b,  5c;  pi.  19, 

figs.  1-10:  pi.  20,  figs.  Id,  le;  pi.  21,  figs.  9b,  lOd. 
Widdringtonites  gracilis  Heer,  ibid.,  vol.  1,  1868,  p.  83,  pi.  43,  figs,  le,  lee.  If,  Ig,  3c. 
"Sequoia  Beichenhachi  Gein?"     HoUick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  30,  pi.  1,  fig.  18. 

This  is  not  a  very  satisfactory  specimen  upon  which  to  base  any  conclusions, 
and  it  seems  wiser  to  merely  refer  it  provisionally  to  this  species  without  comment 

or  discussion. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Ai'thur  Holhck.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Ai-ts  and  Sci. 

JuNiPEEUS  HTPNOiDES  Heer. 
PI.  II,  figs.  26  in  part,  27b,  28;  PI.  Ill,  figs.  12-13a. 

Juniferus  hypnoides  Heer,  Fl.  'Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  47,  pi.  44,  figs.  3,  4;  pi.  46,  fig.  18;  Hol- 
lick, Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  29,  pi.  1,  fig.  1;  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p. 
13;  BuU.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  2,  1902,  p.  403,  pi.  41,  figs.  7,  7a. 
Junipe'rus  macOenta  Heer.    Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  54, 
pi.  10,  fig.  7. 
Eemains  of  tliis  delicate  httle  conifer  are  abundant  in  the  clays  at  Kreischer- 
ville, Staten  Island,  and  in  those  of  New  Jersey.     It  is  possible  that  among  these 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  47 

more  than  one  species  may  be  represented,  and  Newberry  has  referred  certain  speci- 
mens to  J.  macilenta  Heer  (loc.  cit.),  as  may  be  found  discussed  in  this  monograph 
under  Dammara  horealis  Heer  (see  p.  38),  but  I  have  been  unable  to  consider  them 
as  distinct  from  J.  Jiypnoides.  In  fact,  I  am  inchned  to  think  that  these  two  species 
of  Juniperus  may  very  well  be  joined  together,  as  the  specific  distinctions  between 
them  are  more  or  less  vague.  The  vertical  range  of  both  species  is  practically 
identical,  but  macilenta  only  has  been  recognized  in  the  Old  World. 

Locality:  Woodbridge,  N.  J.,  PI.  II,  figs.  26  in  part,  27b,  28.  Specimens  in  Mus' 
New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Ki-eischerville,  Staten  Island,  PL  III,  fig.  12.  Collected  by  Mr.  William  T. 
Davis.     Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Ai'ts  and  Sci. 

Chappaquiddick,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  Ill,  figs.  13,  13a.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Cone  scale  of  a  Conifer? 

PL  11,  fig.  38. 

This  little  cone  scale  is  well  defined,  and  yet- it  does  not  seem  to  be  identifiable 
with  that  of  any  described  species,  and  apparently  should  not  be  included  with  any 
of  the  cone  scales  described  under  the  genus  Dammara,  but  is  somewhat  suggestive 
of  that  of  certain  cycads. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Class   ANGIOSPERMvE. 
Subclass  MONOCOTYLEDON.^. 

Order    PANDANALES. 

Family  TYPHACEiE. 

Typha  sp. 

PI.  VI,  figs.  4-6. 
Typha?  Hollick,  BuU.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1S94,  p.  63,  pi.  180,  fig.  9. 

These  fragments  apparently  represent  remains  similar  to  those  which  it  has  been 
the  custom  of  paleobotanists  to  refer  to  the  genus  Typha,  mostly  from  Tertiary 
horizons."  Any  attempt,  however,  either  to  describe  or  to  identify  our  specimens 
specifically  does  not  seem  to  be  advisable. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  VI,  figs.  4,  5.  Collected  by 
David  White.     Specimens  ia  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Lloyd  Neck,  I^ong  Island,  PI.  VI,  fig.  6.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

1  Typha  latissima  Al.  Br.  Lesq.,  Cret.  and  Tert.  Fl.,  p.  141,  pi.  23,  flgs.  4,  4a,  etc. 


48    FLOKA  OF  SOUTHEKN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Order   GRAMINALES. 

Family  POACE.E. 

POACITES  Sp. 

PI.  II, fig.  11  in  part;  PI.  VI,  figs.  9-11. 

PoacUes?  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21, 1894,  p.  63,  pi.  180,  figs.  2, 12;  BuU.  New  York  Bot.  Gard., 
vol.  3,  1904,  p.  411,  pi.  73,  fig.  1. 

The  fragments  of  linear,  finely  parallel- veined  leaves,  represented  in  our  fig- 
ures, are  referred  to  the  genus  Poacites  for  the  reason  that  most  authorities,  in 
describing  similar  remains  from  Cretaceous  and  Tertiary  horizons,  have  included 
them  imder  that  generic  name."  Any  attempt  at  specific  identification,  however, 
would  manifestly  not  be  advisable. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  II,  fig.  H  m  part.  Collected  by 
David  White.     Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PL  VI,  figs.  9-1 L  Collected  by  Arthur  HoUick. 
Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Family  CTPEnACEM. 

Cyperacites  sp. 
PI.  \1,  figs.  7,  8. 
Cyperites  ?  Hollick,  BuE.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  63,  pi.  180,  fig.  3. 

These  remains  are  apparently  generically  identical  with  numerous  similar  ones 
which  have  been  described  as  species  of  Cyperacites  or  Cyperites  from  both  Cretaceous 
and  Tertiary  horizons,^  but  satisfactory  specific  identification  of  our  specimens  is 
not  possible. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Fig.  7  collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Fig.  8  collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen  in  Mus. 
New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Order   LILIALES. 

Family  LILIACEiE. 

Majanthemophyllum  pusillum  Heer. 

PI.  VI,  fig.  12. 

MajantJiemophyUum  puMum  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  7, 1883,  p.  18,  pi.  55,  figs.  17, 17b;  Hollick,  Trans.  New 
York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  36,  pi.  1,  fig.  7. 

This  specimen  is  retained  ia  the  systematic  position  in  which  it  was  originally 
included,  not  because  of  any  conviction  that  this  is  correct,  but  largely  to  avoid 
change  and  possible  confusion.  It  is  apparently  a  fragmentary  monocotyledonous 
leaf,  very  similar  to  Heer's  species. 

Locality:  Kreischervfile,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

aP.  borealis  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  p.  86,  pi.  24,  fig.  5;  P.  mengeanus  Heer,  Mioc.  Bait.  Fl.,  p.  69, 
pi.  15,  figs.  2-11;  P.  arundinarius  Etts.,  Foss.  Fl.  Bilin  (pt.  1),  p.  24,  pi.  5,  figs.  3-5,  16,  etc. 

i  Cyperacites  arclicus  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Krcide-Fl.),  p.  86,  pi.  12,  fig.  4b;  C.  hyperboreus  Heer,  ibid.,  pi.  24, 
figs.  4,  4b;  Cyperites  deperditus  Wat.,  Fl.  Foss.  Bass.  Paris,  p.  69,  pi.  IS,  fig.  3;  C  borealis  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  1, 
p,  96,  pi.  45,  figs.  3,  3b;  C.  Haydenii  Lesq.,  Cret.  and  Tert.  Fl.,  p.  140,  pi.  23,  figs.  1-3,  etc. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  49 

Subclass  DICOTYLEDONS. 

Series    I.     CHORIPETAL^^. 

Order    SALICALES. 

Family  SALICACEyE. 

PoPTJLUS  HARKERiANA  Lesquereux. 
PI.  VII,  fig.  31. 

Popidus  harkeriana  Lesq.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  44,  pi.  46,  fig.  4;  HoUick, 
Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  419,  pi.  36,  fig.  8. 

I  was  at  first  inclined  to  question  the  positive  identification  of  this  specimen,  on 
account  of  the  uncertainty  in  regard  to  the  character  of  the  margin  throughout. 
The  portion  which  is  preserved,  however,  as  well  as  the  other  features  of  form  and 
nervation,  seems  to  leave  but  little  doubt  in  regard  to  its  identity. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

PoPULUS?  APicuLATA  Newbcrry. 

PI.  VII,  figs.  28, 29. 

Popidusf  apicidata  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Sui-vey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  65,  pi.  15,  figs. 
3,  4;  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  31,  pi.  3,  fig.  2. 

The  identity  of  our  fig.  28  with  this  species  may  be  questioned,  on  account  of  its 
fragmentary  character,  but  fig.  29  presents  all  of  the  essential  features  of  the  species, 
which  heretofore  was  not  definitely  known  to  occur  elsewhere  than  in  the  Cretaceous 
of  New  Jersey. 

Locality:  Arrochar,  Staten  Island,  PI.  VII,  fig.  28.  Collected  by  Oilman  S. 
Stanton.     Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  VII,  fig.  29.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

PoPXJLUS  STYGiA  Hecr? 

PI.  VII,  fig.  30. 

Popidus  stygia  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  1874,  p.  107,  pi.  29,  fig.  10. 

Tlois  specimen,  on  account  of  its  fragmentary  character,  must  necessarily  be 
refeiTed  with  a  query  to  Heer's  species,  although  it  matches  it  almost  exactly.  In 
both  figures  only  the  base  of  the  leaf  is  preserved,  and  it  must  be  admitted  that  this 
is  indicative  of  a  Liriodendron  even  more  than  it  is  of  a  Populus,  and  if  it  were  not 
for  the  apparent  identity  with  Heer's  figure  I  should  be  inclined  to  regard  it  as  belong- 
ing to  the  former  genus  and  to  compare  it  with  L.  oblongifolium  Newb." 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Specimen 
in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

oMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  pi.  52,  flgs.  1-5. 
MON  L — 06 4 


50    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Aments  of  popultjs  sp. 

PI.  Vn,  figs.  16-18. 

"Ament  *  *  *  probably  a  ^oZkc  or  a  PojwZms,"  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  63,  pi. 
180,  fig.  6. 

These  rather  questionable  remains  were  found  at  both  Gay  Head  and  Glen  Cove, 
and  a  few  additional  fragments  are  also  included  among  the  specimens  not  figured. 
They  apparently  represent  dismembered  catkins  or  aments  and  maj"  be  compared 
quite  satisfactorily  Avith  those  of  Populus,  although  they  have  not  been  found  closely 
associated  with  any  leaves  of  that  genus. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  VII,  fig.  16.  Collected  by  At-thur  Hol- 
lick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  VII,  figs.  17,  18.  Collected  by  David 
White.     Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Salix  membranacea  Newberry. 
PI.  VIII,  figs.  10,  23. 

SdLix  membranacea  Newb.,  Annals  New  York  Lj'c.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  9, 1868,  p.  19;  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Sun-ey,  vol. 

35  (Later  Ext.  Fl.  N.  Am.),  1898,  p.  59,  pi.  2,  figs.  5-8a;  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy 

Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  66,  pi.  29,  Fig.  12. 
Sd-a:  Mattewanensis  Beriy,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  68,  pi.  51,  fig.  5  (?). 

Although  these  specimens  differ  considerably  in  size  and  also  in  shape,  these 
differences  are  no  greater  than  are  shown  in  Newberry's  figures  (loc.  cit.) .  Our  fig.  10 
is  comparable  wath  Newberry's  figs.  6  and  8  and  out  fig.  23  with.  Newberry's  figs.  5,  7. 
I  am  inclined  to  think  that  two  species  may  be  represented  by  these  two  forms,  but 
as  it  was  Newberry's  evident  intention  to  include  them  under  the  one  species  I  have 
done  the  same,  although  it  is  probable  that  our  fig.  23  may  ultimately  be  relegated 
to  S.  mattewanensis  Berry,  loc.  cit. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PL  VIII,  fig.  10.  Collected  by  David 
White.     Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Kreischerville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  VIII,  fig.  23.  Collected  by  Ai'thur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Salix  cuneata  Newberry. 

PI.  VII,  figs.  26,  27;  PI.  VIII,  fig.  7. 

Salix  cuneata  Newb.,  Annals  New  York  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  9,  1868,  p.  21;  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  35 

(Later  Ext.  Fl.  N.  Am.),  1898,  p.  55,  pi.  2,  figs.  1,  2. 
"SoLkc,  sp.?"  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  32,  pi.  2,  fig.  16. 
Myrica  Imga  Heer,  Hollick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  419,  pi.  38,  fig.  6. 

It  is  with  some  hesitation  that  I  have  decided  to  group  these  three  specimens 
together  under  this  species,  as  they  present  some  slight  differences  in  the  angle  of 
nervation  and  in  their  basal  outlines,  but  similar  slight  differences  may  also  be  seen 
in  the  two  specimens  figured  by  Newberry.     It  may  also  be  noted  that  our  speci- 


DESCKIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  51 

mens,  especially  fig.  26,  bear  a  strong  resemblance  to  the  leaves  referred  by  Les- 
quereux  to  Myrica  longa  Heer,"  with  which  species  I  was  at  first  inclined  to  include 
them. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  VII,  fig.  26.  Collected  by  Arthur 
HoUick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Arrochar,  Staten  Island,  PL  VII,  fig.  27.  Collected  by  Arthur  HoUick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  VIII,  fig.  7.  Collected  by  David  White.  Specimens 
in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Salix  Meekii  Newberry. 

PI.  VIII,  figs.  Ic,  S,  9. 

Salix  Meekii  Newb.,  Annals  New  York  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  9,  1868,  p.  19;  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  35 
(Later  Ext.  Fl.  N.  Am.),  1898,  p.  58,  pi.  2,  fig.  3;  HoUick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  16,  1897,  p.  130, 
pi.  13,  figs.  3,  4;  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  2,  1902,  p.  404,  pi.  41,  fig.  1. 

Myrsine  elongata  Newb.     HoUick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.i420,  pi.  38,  fig.  4c. 

From  the  biological  point  of  view  the  wisdom  of  attempting  to  maintain  the 
specific  or  varietal  rank  of  all  the  numerous  described  forms  of  Salix  included  in 
this  monograph  wUl  doubtless  be  criticised,  but  for  geological  reasons .  it  may  be 
convenient  at  times  to  designate  a  certain  form  by  a  distinctive  name  and  to  com- 
pare it  with  a  figure  so  named,  from  some  particular  locality  or  horizon.  The  fact 
should  never  be  lost  sight  of  that  in  stratigraphic  work  the  positive  identification 
of  a  specimen  with  a  named  figure  is  of  far  greater  importance  than  the  question 
whether  the  name  represents  its  correct  botanical  relationsliips,  and  any  change  in 
nomenclature  may  often  lead  to  serious  confusion  in  this  connection.  By  reason 
of  these  considerations  I  have  therefore  made  as  few  changes  in  nomenclature  as 
possible. 

Locality:  Arrochar,  Staten  Island,  PI.  VIII,  fig.  Ic.  Collected  by  Arthur 
HoUick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Chappaquiddick,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  VIII,  fig.  8.  Collected  by  Arthur 
HoUick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Nashaquitsa,  Marthas  Vinej^ard,  PI.  VIII,  fig.  9.  CoUected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Salix  peote^folia  flexuosa  (Newberry)  Lesquereux. 
PL  VIII,  figs.  5,  6a;  PI.  XXXVII,  fig.  8b. 

Salix  protexfolia  var.  fiexuosa  Lesq.,  |Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  50,  pi.  64,  figs. 

4,  5;  HoUick,  BuU.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  50,  pi.  174,  fig.  5;  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci., 

vol.  11,  1898,  p.  59,  pi.  4,  fig.  5a;  Berry,  BuU.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  67,  pi.  48,  fig.  12; 

pi.  52,  fig.  2. 
Salix  fiexuosa  Newb.,  Annals  New  York  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  9,  1868,  p.  21;  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  35 

(Later  E.xt.  Fl.  N.  Am.),  1898,  p.  56,  pi.  2,  fig.  4;  pi.  13,  figs.  3,  4;  pi.  14,  fig.  1. 
Dewalquea  Ealdemiana  (Deb.)  Sap.  et  Mar.     HoUiek,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  36,  pi.  2, 

figs.  2a,  10. 

I  am  inclined  to  tliink  that  the  recognition  of  this  and  other  forms  of  S.  protese- 

folia  by  Lesquereux  as  varieties  was  hardly  warranted  by  the  slight  differences 

— t ■ ■ — 

iMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  pi.  3,  figs.  1-6. 


52    FLOEA  OF  SOUTHEKN  NEW  YOEK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

which  they  present,  and  that  in  any  revision  of  the  genus  these  and  perhaps  some 
recognized  species  might  be  grouped  together,  but  inasmuch  as  the  several  forms 
with  which  our  specimens  may  be  compared  have  been  described  and  figured  under 
different  varietal  or  specific  names,  I  have  thought  it  best  to  so  refer  them  m  tliis 
monograph,  wliich  is  essentially  stratigraphic  rather  than  biologic  in  its  scope  and 
purpose. 

Locality:  Sea  ChflE,  Long  Island,  PI.  VIII,  fig.  5.  CoUected  by  Gilbert  Van 
Ingen.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Black  Rock  Point,  Block  Island,  PI.  VIII,  fig.  6a.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hol- 
hck.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Kreischerville,  Staten  Island,  PL  XXXVII,  fig.  8b.  CoUected  by  Arthur 
HoUick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Salix  prote^folia  lanceolata  Lesquereux. 
PI.  VIII,  figs,  la,  2-4. 

Salix  protexfolia  var.  lanceolata  Lesq.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Sui-vey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1S92,  p.  50,  pi.  64, 
figs.  6-8;  Hollick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  59,  pi.  4,  fig.  4. 

Salix  protexfolia  Lesq.     Hollick,  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13. 

Salix  inxqiialis  Newb.?  HoUick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11, 1898,  p.  419,  pi.  38,  fig.  4a;  Fifty-fifth 
Ann.  Kept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  r49. 

In  connection  with  these  figures  the  sana.e  or  similar  criticisms  may  be  made  as 
in  connection  with  the  discussions  of  other  closely  related  forms  of  Salix  included  in 
this  monograph,  m  wliich  varietal  and  specific  names  are  to  be  regarded  more  as 
convenient  designations  than  as  names  wliich  are  necessarily  botanicaUy  correct  in 
their  systematic  arrangement. 

Locality:  Arrochar,  Staten  Island,  PL  VIII,  fig.  la.  CoUected  by  Arthur 
HoUick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Black  Rock  Point,  Block  Island,  PL  VIII,  fig.  2.  CoUected  by  Arthur  Hol- 
lick.    Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Viaeyard,  PL  VIII,  figs.  3,  4.  CoUected  by  David  White. 
Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Salix  protejEfolia  linearifolia  Lesquereux? 

PI.  VIII,  fig.  12. 

Salix  proteafolia  var.  linearifolia  Lesq.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  49,  pi.  64, 
figs.  1-3. 

It  is  exceedingly  difficult  to  distinguish  the  differences  between  the  several 
varietal  forms  included  by  Lesquereux  m  this  species "  and  others  referred  to  Salix 
cuneata  Newb.*  and  S.  Meekii  Newb.,'^  and  the  specimen  now  under  consideration 
might  perhaps  be  regarded,  by  reason  of  its  expanded  base,  as  yet  another  variety 
or  species.  As,  however,  it  is  not  perfect,  I  have  thought  that  it  would  not  be 
advisable  to  make  it  the  basis  for  the  description  of  a  new  form. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Viaeyard.  Collected  by  Arthur  HoUick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

a  Var.  fiexuosa,  loc.  cit.,  p.  50,  pi.  64,  flgs.  4,  5.    Var.  lanceolata,  ibid.,  flgs.  fr-8.    Var.  longifolia,  ibid.,  flg.  9. 
6  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  3&  (Later  Ext.  Fl.  N.  \m.),  1898,  pi.  2,  figs.  1,  2. 
clbid.,  pi.  2,  flg.  3. 


DESCKIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  53 

Salix  pubpuroides  Hollick. 
PI.  VIII,  fig.  11. 
Sdlix  parpvToHes  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Qub;  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  50,  pi.  174,  fig.  9. 

This  leaf,  by  reason  of  its  small  size,  long  tapering  base,  and  relatively  broad 
upper  part,  was  regarded  as  worthy  of  a  distinct  specific  designation.  The  type 
specimen  here  figured  is  the  only  one  thus  far  found. 

Locality:  Sea  Cliff,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Gilbert  Van  Ingen.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Salix  sp. 

PL  VIII,  fig.  13. 
Salix,  sp?    Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  32,  pi.  2,  fig.  15. 

This  fragment  is  more  than  likely  to  be  a  portion  of  a  leaf  of  some  described 
species  or  variety  of  S'aHa;,butitis  too  imperfectfor  more  thanageneric  identification. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Stateh  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Order  MYRICALES. 

Family  MYRICACE.E. 

Myrica  Davisii  Hollick. 

PI.  VII,  fig.  25. 
Myrim  Damsii  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  Vol.  12,  1892,  p.  32,  pi.  2,  fig.  3. 

This  species,  except  in  its  smaller  size,  hardly  differs  from  Myrica  longa  (Heer) , '' 
and  might  perhaps  be  identified  with  it,  as  may  be  seen  by  comparison  with  Heer's 
fio-.  4  (loc.  cit) ,  but  as  our  specimen  was  originally  described  under  a  distinct 
specific  name  I  have  not  thought  it  advisable  to  make  any  change.  The  type 
specimen  here  figured  is  the  only  one  thus  far  found. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  William  T.  Davis. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Myrica  Hollicki  Ward. 

PI.  VII,  fig.  24. 

Myrica  HoUieki  Ward,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  45, 1893,  p.  437. 

Myrica  grandifolia  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  32,  pl.  3,  fig.  1.     Not  M.  grandifolia 
(Ung.)  Schimp.,  Pal.  Veg.,  vol.  2,  1872,  p.  559. 

The  type  specimen  of  this  species  here  figured  is  the  only  one  thus  far  found, 
and,  although  imperfectly  preserved,  it  shows  well-marked  characters  sufficient  to 
separate  it  from  any  other  described  species.  The  specific  name  originally  apphed 
to  it  was  found  to  be  preoccupied,  and  Dr.  Lester  F.  Ward,  who  first  noted  this  fact, 
proposed  to  substitute  the  name  which  is  here  adopted. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Holhck.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 


aProteoides  Umgus  Heer,  Fl.  Foas.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-FI.),  p.  110,  pl.  29,  fig.  8b;  pl.  31,  figs.  4,  5. 


54    FLOEA  OF  SOUTHEEJs^  NEW  YOEK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Mthica  Zenkeei  (Ettingshausen)  VelenoTsky? 
PL  VII,  fig.  23. 

Myrica  Zerikeri  (Etts.)  Vel.,  Fl.  Bohm.  Kreideform,  part  2,  18S3,  p.  13  (3S),  pi.  3  (11),  figs.  1-9. 
Dryandroides  Zenkeri  Etts.,  Kreidefl.  Niederschoena,  1867,  p.  257j  pi.  3,  figs.  1,  3,  11. 

Whatever  may  "be  thought  of  the  identity  of  our  fragment  with  the  original 
figures  of  Ettingshausen  (loc.  cit.)  there  is  no  question  that  it  bears  a  striking  resem- 
blance to  some  of  the  specimens  figured  by  Velenovsky  (loc.  cit.,  figs.  3,  4),  andalso 
to  some  extent  with  CelastrophyUum  angustifolium  Newb. "  In  Newberry's  dis- 
cussion of  this  latter  species,  however,  he  refers  to  the  figures  of  Ettingshausen  and 
Velenovsky  and  says  (loc.  cit.,  p.  101):  "Though  perhaps  generically  identical — 
but  rather  as  Oelastrophyllum  than  Myrica — specifically  our  leaves  are  distract." 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  hj  David  White.  Specimen  in 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Ajient  of  Myrica  sp. 

PL  VII,  fig.  22. 

This  organism  apparently  consists  of  an  elongated  aggregation  of  roimded, 
punctate  or  roughened  fruits  or  seeds.  These  latter  have  much  the  appearance  of 
Oarpolithes  patootensis  Heer/  m  regard  to  which  he  says  (loc.  cit.):  "They  belong 
perhaps  to  Myrica,"  and  considers  them  as  identical  with  similar  seeds  previously 
described  as  belongiag  to  this  genus.''  The  fact  that  our  specimens  appear  to  be 
rough,  while  Heer's  are  described  as  smooth,  may,  however,  be  due  to  the  character 
of  the  matrix.  Our  specimen,  although  somewhat  larger,  bears  also  a  stiiking 
resemblance  to  Myricanthium  amentaceum  Vel.,'*  especially  when  compared  with 
ids  fig.  26  (loc.  cit.),  and  to  Heer's  fruit  of  Myrica  figured  in  Flora  Fossihs  Arctica, 
vol.  6  (abth.  2),  pi.  46,  fig.  26,  and  his  M.  thulemis  in  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Ki-eide- 
FL),  1874,  pi.  31,  fig.  Ic. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Order  JUGLANDALES. 

Family  JUGLANDACE^E. 

JuGiANS  AKCTiCA  Heer. 

PL  IX,  figs.  &-8. 

Juglans  arctica  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  71,  pi.  40,  fig.  2;  pi.  41,  fig.  4c;  pi.  42,  figs,  la, 
lb,  2a,  2b;  pi.  43,  fig.  3;  Newberry,Mon.  U.S.Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.Amboy  Clays), 1895  (1896),  p. 62, 
pi.  20,  fig.  2;  Hollick,  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7, 1895,  p.  13;  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11, 1898, 
p.  58,'pL  3,  fig.  7;  Fifty-fifth  Ann.  Kept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  r49. 

Ficus  atavina  Heer?  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1892,  p.  103,  pi.  4,  fig.  5. 

This  species  and  the  one  next  considered  are  not  very  satisfactorily  difieren- 
tiated  from  each  other  by  Heer,  as  may  be  seen  by  a  comparison  of  his  figures;  and 
those  who  have  attempted  to  identify  specimens  with  one  or  another  of  these  species 

aMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  100,  pi.  14,  figs.  8-17. 

h  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  7, 1883,  p.  46,  pi.  64,  fig.  13. 

cKreide-Fl.  Quedlinburg,  1872,  p.  11,  pi.  3,  figs.  15-18. 

iJ  Abh.  K.  Bolun.  Gesellscli.  Wissensch.,  vol.  3  (Kvet.  Cesk.  Cenomanu),  1889,  p.  16,  pi.  2,  flgs.  24-26. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  55 

do  not  appear  to  have  been  entirely  successful,  as  may  be  seen  by  comparing  Heer's 
figures  (loc.  cit.)  with  those  so  referred  by  Lesquereux"  and  by  Newberry  (loc.  cit.), 
although  the  latter,  it  should  be  noted,  made  the  identification  provisional  only. 
Fig.  8  is  apparently  a  portion  of  an  anient,  such  as  are  figured  by  Heer  (loc.  cit.,  pi. 
42,  figs,  lb,  2b),  and  included  with  the  leaves  under  the  same  specific  name.  The 
difference,  however,  between  these  and  the  similar  aments  which  he  includes  imder 
Myrica  longa^  is  very  slight,  and  they  may  all  belong  to  the  same  species. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  IX,  fig.  6.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus,  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Nashaquitsa,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  IX,  fig.  7.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  m  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Black  Rock  Point,  Block  Island,  PI.  IX,  fig.  S.  Collected  by  Arthur  Holhck. 
Specimen  m  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

JuGLANs  CRASsiPES  Heer. 
pi.  rS,  figs.  3-5. 

Juglans  crassipes  Heer,  Neue  Denkschr.  Schw.  Gesellsch.  Naturwissench.,vol.  23  (Fl.  Moletein),  1869,  p.  23, 

pi.  6,  fig.  3;  HoUick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  51,  pi.  175,  fig.  3. 
Juglans  arctica  Heer«  HoUick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  51,  pi.  178,  fig.  2. 

These  specunens,  while  they  do  not  compare  very  satisfactorily  with  Heer's 
type  figures  (loc.  cit.),  or  with  the  specunens  subsequently  figured,*^  are  apparently 
identical  with  those  referred  to  this  species  by  Lesquereux.** 

Locality:  Brooklyn,  Long  Island,  PI.  IX,  fig.  3.  Collected  by  G.  Hurst. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  Long  Island  Hist.  Soc. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  IX,  fig.  4.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  IX,  fig.  5.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Juglans  elongata  n.  sp. 

PI.  XI,  figs.  3,  4. 

Laurus  OmaaH  Sap.  et  Mar.,  HoUick,  BuU.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  52,  pi.  176,  fig.  3. 

Leaf  about  2  decimeters  long,  narrowly  ovate-lanceolate  in  outline,  sUghtly  unsyrmnetrical  and  roimded 
at  the  base,  tapering  to  the  apex;  margin  entire  and  somewhat  sinuous;  midrib  strong,  somewhat  flexuous, 
and  curved  at  the  base;  secondary  nerves  numerous,  forming  angles  of  about  45°  with  the  midrib,  somewhat 
more  obtuse  near  the  base,  curving  rather  sharply  and  extending  upward  near  the  margin  where  the  extremities 
thin  out  and  anastomose;  tertiaiy  nervation  mostly  irregular  and  branching,  but  in  general  at  nearly  right 
angles  to  the  secondaries  throughout. 

This  is  apparently  a  well-defined  species  of  Juglans  which  is  different  from  any 
Cretaceous  species  heretofore  described,  but  is  strikingly  similar  to  J.  Schimperi 
Lesq.,^  especially  when  compared  with  specimens  described  and  figured  by  me  from 

u  Hon.  U.  S.  Geo!.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  pi.  19,  flg.  3;  pi.  39,  fig.  5. 

IFl.  Joss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abtli.  2),  pi.  41,  fig.  4b. 

cFl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  7,  pi.  61,  flg.  4;  pi.  65,  flg.  9. 

fiMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  pi.  49,  flgs.  1-3. 

e  Tert.  Fl.,  p.  287,  pi.  56,  flgs.  5-10. 


56    FLORA  OF  SOUTHEEN  NEW  YOEK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

the  Eolignitic  of  Louisiana."  It  is  possible  that  the  leaf  which  Newberry  refers 
provisionally  to  J.  arctica  Heer,  from  the  Cretaceous  of  New  Jersey,*  may  represent 
a  broad  leaflet  of  our  species,  but  their  identity  is. too  uncertain  to  warrant  anythuig 
more  than  incidental  mention. 

Locality:  Sea  Cliflf,  Long  Island,  El.  XI,  fig.  3.  Collected  by  Gilbert  Van  Ingen. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XI,  fig.  4.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

.    Order  FAGALES. 

Family  FAGACE^E. 

QuEECUS  MORRisoNiANA  Lesqucrcux. 

PI.  VIII,  fig.  14. 

Quercus  Morrisoniana  Lesq.,  Cret.  and  Tert.  Fl.,  1883,  p.  40,  pi.  17,  figs.  1,2;  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad. 
Sci.,  vol.  16, 1897,  p.  131,  pi.  13,  figs.  11, 12;  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3, 1904,  p.  411,  pi.  73,  fig.  5. 

This  well-defined  Dakota  group  species  is  represented  in  our  collefctions  by  the 
single  specimen  here  figured,  although  it  has  been  found  in  the  clay  marl  at  Cliff- 
wood,  N.  J.  I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  I  have  also  identified  it  in  certain  speci- 
mens from  the  Amboy  clays,  but  am  not  sufficiently  certain  in  this  respect  to  include 
it  in  the  table  of  distribution  for  that  horizon. 

Locality:  Center  Island,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

QuEECus  ( ?)  Nov^-CESAEE^  Hollick. 

El.  VIII,  figs.  15,  16. 

Quercus  (?)  Novie-Csesareie.  HoUick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad. Sci.,  vol.  16,  1897,  p.  131,  pi.  13,  figs.  9,  10;  Berry, 
BuU.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  72,  pi.  51,  fig.  4  [?]. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  both  of  our  specimens,  as  well  as  the  type  specimens 
from  Cliffwood,  N.  J.,  are  imperfect,  -none  of  them  showing  the  characters  of  the 
apex;  but  the  general  outline,  base,  and  nervation  are  all  identical,  and  there  can 
be  no  question  that  all  should  be  included  under  one  species,  so  far  as  maj'  be 
judged  from  the  characters  that  are  preserved.  The  question  of  generic  relation- 
ship is  one  which  may  very  well  be  left  open,  however,  and  the  reference  to  Quercus 
be  regarded  as  provisional  only. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
mens in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

QuEECUs  sp. 
PI.  VIII,  fig.  17. 

This  specimen  is  apparently  a  portion  of  an  oak  leaf,  or  possibly  of  a  Platanus, 
but  it  is  too  fragmentary^  for  any  more  exact  determination. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

oGeol.  Survey  Louisiana,  Rept.  1899  (1900),  Special  Rept.  No.  5,  p.  280,  pi.  32,  fig.  5;  pi.  33,  flgs.  1,  2;  pi.  35,  flg.  3. 
6Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  p.  62,  pi.  20,  fig.  2. 


DESCEIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.      -  57 

Order  URTICALES. 

Family  ULMACE.E. 

Planera  bettjloides  n.  sp. 

PL  Vm,  fig.  22. 

Leaf  elliptical-ovate  in  outline,  6.5  centimeters  long  by  2.3  centimeters  wide  in  the  middle,  coarsely  cre- 
nate-dentate  above,  entire  below;  secondary  nervation  alternate,  sparse,  diverging  from  the  midrib  at  acute 
angles  and  terminating  in  the  marginal  dentitions,  lower  pair  branched  from  beneath,  the  branches  terminating 
in  the  lower  dentitions. 

This  specimen,  although  larger,  is  similar  in  its  general  appearance  to  Planera 
Enowltoniana  Hollick,"  and  is  almost  exactly  comparable,  except  in  size,  with 
Betula  tremula  Heer,^  as  may  be  seen  by  comparing  our  specunen  with  the  enlarged 
figure  of  the  latter  species  (loc.  cit.,  fig.  9). 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Family  MORACEvE. 

Ficus  MYRicoiDES  Hollick. 

PI.  XI,    figs.  8,  9. 

Ficus  myricoides  Hollick  in  Newb.  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1896  (1896),  p.  71,  pi. 
32,  fig.  18;  pi.  41,  figs.  8,  9. 

It  is  with  some  hesitation  that  I  have  decided  to  refer  these  specimens  to  this 
species,  especially  when  comparmg  the  base  of  our  fig.  9  with  the  corresponding 
part  of  Newberry's  fig.  18  (loc.  cit.) ;  but  inasmuch  as  this  latter  figure  was  mcluded 
with  some  doubt  in  the  species  (loc.  cit.),  and  the  other  figures  compare  with  ours 
quite  satisfactorily,  the  reference  appears  to  be  justified. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vmeyard,  PI.  XI,  fig.  8.  Collected  by  David 
White.     Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XI,  fig.  9.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Ficus  fracta  Veler^ovsky. 

PI.  XI,  fig.  7. 

Ficus  fracta  Vel.,  Fl.  Bohm.  Kreideform.,  pt.  4,  1885,  p.  10  (71),  pi.  8  (31),  fig.  15. 

Aralia  transversinervia  Sap.  et  Mar.  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  54,  pi.  176,  fig.  1. 

This  is  apparently  the  only  record  of  the  occurrence  of  this  species  in  America, 
but  a  comparison  with  Velenovsky's  figure  seems  to  justify  the  reference,  and  the 
geologic  horizon  from  which  his  species  was  obtamed  is  known,  by  reason  of  other 
unquestioned  species,  to  be  the  approximate  geologic  equivalent  of  that  in  which  ours 
was  found. 

Locality:  Oak  Neck,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen  m 
Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

o  Newberry,  Mon.  U. .«.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896)  p.  69,  pi.  42,  figs.  1-4. 
Ilia  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  7,  p.  21,  pi.  .W,  fig.  Ic;  pi.  55,  fig.  9. 


58    FLOEA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YOEK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Ficus  ATAYiNA  Heep. 
PI.  X,  figs.  4-6. 

Ficus  atamna  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  69,  pi.  11,  figs.  5b,  7b,  8b;  pi.  17,  fig.  8b;  pi.  19, 
fig.  lb;  pi.  20,  figs.  1,  2;  Beriy,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  31,  1904,  p.  75,  pi.  1,  figs.  8,  9;  pi.  3,  fig.  6., 

Ficus  proiogiea  Heer.,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  1874,  p.  108,  pi.  29,  fig.  2b;  pi.  30,  figs.  1-8  (not  F. 
proto^aa  Ettingshausen,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Math.-Naturw.  CI.,  vol.  55,  1867,  p.  249,  pi.  2,  fig.  5); 
HoUiok,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  51,  pi.  175,  fig.  4. 

This  well-defiiied  species  of  Ficus  was  originally  called  F.  protogxa  by  Heer; 
but  inasmucli  as  Ettingshausen  bad  previously  used  tbe  name  for  an  apparently 
different  species  Heer  subsequently  renamed  his  species  F.  atavina,  acknowledging 
his  oversight  in  the  matter.  The  species  is  common  to  the  Atane  and  Patoot  beds 
•of  Greenland,  and  it  has  been  found  on  Marthas  Vineyard,  Long  Island,  and  at 
Cliffwood,  N.  J.  So  far  as  our  present  laiowledge  is  concerned  its  distribution 
seems  to  be  confined  to  Greenland  and  eastern  North  America. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  X,  figs.  4,  5.  Collected  by  David 
White.     Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  X,  fig.  6.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Ficus  Keatjsiana  Heer. 

PI.  IX,  fig.  9;  PI.  X,  figs.  1-3. 

Ficus  Krausiana  Heer,  Neue  Denkschr.  Schw.  Gesellsch.  Naturwissensch.,  vol.  23  (Fl.  Moletein),  1869,  p.  15, 
pi.  5,  figs.  3-6;  Hollick,  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13;  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11, 
1898,  p.  59,  pi.  3,  fig.  1. 

Ficus  atavina  Heer  ?     Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1892,  p.  103,  pi.  4,  figs.  4,  6. 

This  species  is  hardly  separably  from  F.  BecJcwifhii  Lesq.,"  and  in  some  speci- 
mens it  is  almost  impossible  to  determine  to  wliich  species  they  should  be  referred. 
For  this  reason  I  have  included  all  of  ours  under  the  older  specific  name. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  PI.  IX,  fig.  9;  PI.  X,  fig.  3.  Collected 
by  Arthur  Holhck.     Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Ga}^  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  X,  fig.  1.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Southeast  Point,  Block  Island,  PI.  X,  fig.  2.  Collected  by  Arthur  HolUck. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

FicxTS  SAPiNDiroLiA  Hollick. 

'  PI.  XI,  figs.  1,  2. 

Ficm  sajrindifolia  Hollick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  411,  pl.  78,  fig.  5. 

This  species  has  some  of  the  characters  of  Ficus  magnolisefolia  Lesq.,*  but  is 
more  unsymmetrical  and  in  this  respect  is  suggestive  of  the  genus  Sapindus,  as 
indicated  in  the  specific  name.  It  may  also  be  seen  to  have  certain  points  of  resem- 
blance to  F.  BecJcwithii  Lesq.,'=  but  is  broader  and  has  a  more  robust  midrib.  The 
type  specimen  is  represented  by  our  fig.  1 . 

oCret.  and  Tert.  Fl.,  p.  46,  pl.  16,  fig.  5;  pl.  17,  figs.  3,  i. 

b  Cret.  and  Tert.  Fl.,  p.  47,  pl.  17,  figs.  5,  6. 

cCret.  and  Tert.  Fl.,  p.  46,  pl.  16,  fig.  5;  pl.  17,  figs.  3,  4. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  59 

Locality:  Mott  Point,  Maiiliassett  Neck,  Long  Island,  PI.  XI,  fig.  1.  Col- 
lected by  A.  E.  Anderson.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PL  XI,  fig.  2.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

FiCTJS  WiLLisiANA  Hollick. 

PI.  IX,  figs.  1,  2. 

Ficus  WaUsiana  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  52,  pi.  176,  figs.  2,  5;  Fifty-fifth  Ann.  Kept. 
New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  r49. 

These  two  figures  are  reproductions  of  the  original  figures  of  the  type  speci- 
mens, which  are  the  only  ones  thus  far  discovered.  The  leaf  was  evidently  one  of 
the  largest  in  the  entire  insular  flora,  so  far  as  known,  and  it  is  unfortunate  that  the 
fragmentary  nature  of  the  specimens  give  us  merely  an  indication  of  the  actual  size 
of  the  leaf,  which  apparently  was  not  less  than  8  inches  in  length. 

Locality:  Sea  Cliff,  Long  Island,  PI.  IX,  fig.  1.  Collected  by  Gilbert  Van 
Ingen.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  IX,  fig.  2.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Ficus  Woolsoni  Newberry? 

PL  XI,  figs.  5,  6. 

Ficus  Woolsoni  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  70,  pi.  20,  fig.  3; 

pi.  23,  figs.  1-6;  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  33,  pi.  2,  fig.  1;  Annals  New  York 

Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  419,  pi.  37,  fig.  9;   Berry,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  74, 

pi.  47,  fig.  7. 

These  fragmentary  specimens  are  referred  provisionally  to  this  species,  largely 

for  the  want  of  a  better  place  in  which  to  put  them;  it  is  evident,  however,  that 

this  reference  must  be  regarded  as  purely  tentative. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  XI,  fig.  5.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  XI,  fig.  6.  Collected  by  Arthur  Holhck. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Order  PROTEALES. 

Family  PROTEACE^. 

Proteoides  daphnogenoides  Heer. 

PI.  XII,  figs.  1-5. 

Proteoides  daphnogenoides  Heer,  Nouv.  Mem.  Soc.  Helv.  Sci.  Nat.,  vol.  22,  No.  1  (Phyll.  Cr«t.  Nebr.),  1867, 
p.  17,  pi.  4,  figs.  9,  10;   Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1892,  p.  99,  pi.  3,  figs.  1,  2;  Bull. 
Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  52,  pi.  177,  fig.  1;  Ries,  Sch.  Mines  Quart.,  vol.  15,  1894,  p.  354;  New- 
berry, Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  72,  pi.  17,  figs,  8,  9;  pi.  32, 
figs.  11,  13,  14;  pi.  33,  fig.  3;  pi.  41,  fig.  15. 
Many  of  the  numerous  leaf  forms  which  have  been  referred  to  this  species  from 
time  to  time  by  different  authorities  seem  somewhat  questionable  when  comparison 
is  made  with  Heer's  original  figures  (loc.  cit.),  but  there  is  no  doubt  that  our  speci- 
mens are  identical  with  several  which  have  been  so  referred,''  and  it  would  not  be 


oLesquereux,  Cret.  Fl.,  pi.  16,  figs.  1,  2;  Newberry,  Fl.  Amboy  Clays,  pi.  17,  fig.  9;  pi.  32,  fig.  13,  etc. 


60    FLOEA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YOEK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

advisable  now  to  disturb  these  references  and  thus  to  cause  confusion.  I  am  also 
inclined  to  think  that  the  leaf  which  Lesquereux  calls  Ficus  proteoides'^  should  be 
included  mth  this  species  and  all  perhaps  be  placed  in  the  genus  Ficus.  This 
change,  however,  would  necessarily  lead  to  an  extended  revision  and  rearrangement 
which  would  be  out  of  place  in  this  work.  Mr.  Edward  W.  Berry  has  discussed  the 
subject  in  a  recent  paper  on  "A  Ficus  confused  with  Proteoides,"^  in  which  views 
similar  to  the  above  are  expressed  and  the  change  of  name  to  Ficus  daphnogenoides 
(Heer)  is  definitely  proposed,  but  from  the  practical  point  of  view  of  the  geologist 
the  fact  of  identity  between  specimens  is  of  far  greater  importance  than  the  deter- 
mination of  their  probable  botanical  affinities.  ' 

Even  if  all  the  doubtful  forms  should  be  excluded,  however,  there  would  yet 
remain  a  large  number  identical  with  each  other — sufficient  to  indicate  that  the 
species  was  a  widely  distributed  and  important  element  in  the  Cretaceous  flora  of 
North  America.  Mr.  Berry  has  included  in  the  species  a  number  of  specimens  found 
in  the  clay  marl  at  Cliffwood,  N.  J.,"  but  their  identity  with  what  I  regard  as* 
representative  specimens  of  the  species  as  now  recognized  appears  to  be  open  to 
question. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  XII,  figs.  1,  2.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XII,  figs.  3,  4.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Sea  Chff,  Long  Island,  PI.  XII,  fig.  5.  Collected  by  Gilbert  Van  Ingen. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Drtandroides  quercinea  Velenovsky. 
PI.  VIII,  figs.  18,  19. 
Dryandroides  quercinea  Vel.,  Fl.  Bohm.  Kreideform.,  pt.  2,  1883,  p.  8  (33),  pi.  2  (10),  figs.  Sa-15. 

These  specimens  do  not  compare  satisfactorily  with  all  of  Velenovsky's  figures, 
but  they  are  sufficiently  like  his  fig.  12  (loc.  cit.)  to  warrant  the  reference.  They 
may  also  perhaps  be  compared  with  Dryophyllum  (Quercus)  Holmesii  Lesq.,"^  except 
that  in  ours  the  dentition  is  coarser. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
mens in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Banksites  Saportanus  Velenovsky. 

PI.  VIII,  figs.  20,  21. 

Bariksiies  Saportanus  Vel.,  Fl.  Bohm.  Kreideform.,  pt.  2,  1883,  p.  7  (32),  pi.  1  (9),  figs.  18-20. 
CdaslrophyUum  Benedeni  Sap.  et  Mar.,  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  58,  pi.  177,  fig.  3. 

It  is  perhaps  somewhat  hazardous  to  attempt  a  definite  identification  from  such 
fragments  as  those  which  are  represented  by  our  figures,  especially  as  the  species, 
so  far  as  I  am  aware,  has  not  been  reported  from  elsewhere  in  America,  but  the 
close  resemblance  to  Velenovsky's  figures  of  specimens  from  the  Cretaceous  of 
Bohemia  seems  to  justify  the  reference. 

"Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  77,  pi.  12,  fig.  2. 

6  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  32,  1905,  pp.  327-330,  pi.  21. 

c  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Card.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  74,  pi.  51,  figs.  &-9. 

d  Cret.  and  Tcrt.  Fl.,  p.  38,  pi.  4,  flg.  8. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  61 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  VIII,  fig.  20.  Collected  by  David 
White.     Specimen  m  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  VIII,  fig.  21.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Order  RANALES. 

Family  -N  YMPILEACE^. 

Nelumbo  Kempii  (Hollick)  Hollick. 

PL  Xm,  figs.  1^;  PI.  XIV,  figs.  1,  2;  PI.  XV;  PI.  XVI,  figs.  1-6. 

Ndumho  Kempii  (Hollick)  Hollick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  412,  pi.  74,  figs.  1,  2;  pi.  75; 
pi.  76;  pi.  77,  fig.  1. 

Sermopsis  Kempii  HoUick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Qub,  vol.  20,  1893,  p.  169,  pi.  149;  ibid.,  p.  334,  pi.  166;  Fifty- 
fifth  Ann.  Kept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  r49. 

When  first  described,  the  specimens  upon  which  the  descriptions  were  based 
were  thought  to  represent  a  palm,  and  the  generic  name  Serenopsis  was  given  to 
them.  The  type  figures  are  reproduced  on  PI.  XIII.  Specimens  subsequently 
discovered,  however,  showed  beyond  doubt  that  they  were  not  a  palm,  but  a 
species  of  Nelumbo,  and  that  the  species  was  similar  to,  if  not  identical  with,  Nelum- 
.Uum  arcticum  Heer,''  the  figure  of  which  is  reproduced  on  PI.  XVI,  fig.  7,  for 
comparison.  Considerable  difference  may  be  noticed  between  our  specimens,  but  it 
hardly  seems  advisable  to  consider  them  otherwise  than  as  belonging  to  a  single 
species. 

The  only  other  representative  of  the  genus  which  has  been  recorded  from 
this  vicinity  is  N.  primxva  Berry,^  from  the  Cretaceous  clay  marl  at  Cliffwood, 
N.  J.,  although  Mr.  Berry  has  informed  me  that  he  has  found  specimens,  which  he 
thinks  may  be  identical  with  ours,  from  a  lower  horizon  than  that  at  Clifi'wood, 
near  Morgans,  N.  J. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XIII,  figs.  1-4;  PI.  XIV,  figs.  1,  2; 
PI.  XV;  PL  XVI,  fig.  6.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimens  in  Mus.  New 
York  Bot.  Gard. 

Manhassett  Neck,  Long  Island,  PI.  XVI,  fig.  5.  Collected  by  A.  E.  Anderson. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vmeyard,  PI.  XVI,  figs.  1^.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Family  MENISPERMACE^. 

Menispeemites  Brtsoniana  HoUick. 

PI.  XII,  fig.  6. 

Menispermites  Brysoniana  HoUick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  59,  pl.  180,  fig.  10;  Fifty-fifth 
Ann.  Kept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  rSO. 

The  resemblance  of  this  species  to  Menispermites  horealis  Heer"  is  quite 
apparent,  but  the  imperfect  condition  of  Heer's  specimen  renders  exact  comparison 

a  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  21, 1S82,  p.  92,  pl.  40,  fig.  6. 
6  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  75,  pl.  43,  fig.  1. 
c  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  p.  91,  pl.  39,  fig.  2. 


62    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

impossible.     Our  figure  is  a  reproduction  of  the  figure  of  the  type  specimen,  which 
is  the  only  one  known  to  me. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Menispeemites  acutdlobus  Lesquereux? 
PI.  XII,  fig.  8. 
Menispermites  acutUohus  Lesq.,  Cret.  and  Tert.  Fl.,  1883,  p.  78,  pi.  14,  fig.  2. 

The  identity  of  our  specimen  with  this  species  must  necessarily  be  doubtfid,  on 
account  of  its  imperfect  condition,  but  that  it  is  closely  related  to  it  there  can 
hardly  be  any  question. 

Locality:  Nashaquitsa,  Marthas  Viaeyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Menispeemites  sp. 

PI.  XII,  fig.  7. 

Hedera  sp.  ?  HoUick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11, 1898,  p.  421,  pi.  38,  fig.  .5. 

This  fragment  is  apparently  referable  to  Menispermites  rather  than  to  Hedera,  as 
originally  thought  probable,  and  might  perhaps  be  considered  as  a  small  form  of  the 
species  last  described. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

CoccuLus  MiNUTus  Hollick. 

PI.  XII,  fig.  9. 
Oocmdus  minutus  Hollick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  407,  pi.  70,  fig.  6. 

It  is  possible  that  this  may  be  only  a  very  small  form  of  the  species  next 
described. 

Locality:  Little  Neck,  Northport  Harbor,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Heia- 
rich  Ries.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

CoccuLUS  ciNNAMOMEUS  Vclenovsky. 

PI.  XII,  figs.  10-12. 
Coceidus  cinnamomeus  Vel.,  Fl.  Bohm.  Kreideform.,  pt.  4,  1885,  p.  4  (6.5),  pl.  8  (31),  figs.  16-21. 

Although  our  specimens  are  somewhat  smaller  than  those  figured  by  Vele- 
novsky,  their  identity  can  hardly  be  questioned,  except  perhaps  in  regard  to  our 
fig.  12,  in  which  the  lateral  nerves  are  indicated  as  starting  from  the  midrib  a  short 
distance  above  the  base.  This  sUght  difference,  however,  would  scarcely  seem  to 
warrant  us  in  regarding  it  as  a  different  species. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
mens in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 


DESCEIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  63 

COCCULITES    IMPERFECTUS    II.    sp. 

PI.  XII,  fig.  14. 

Leaf  linear-elliptical  (?)  in  outline,  about  5  centimeters  (?)  long  by  1.5  centimeters  maximum  width; 
margin  entire;  nervation  consisting  of  a  midrib  and  two  pairs  of  subparallel,  equidistant  lateral  nerves,  which 
start  at  the  base  of  the  leaf;  tertiary  nerves  parallel  to  each  other  and  at  right  angles  to  the  lateral  nerves. 

It  is  possible  that  this  specimen  may  represent  a  lower  portion  of  a  leaf  of  the 
species  next  described,  but  the  disposition  of  the  lateral  nerves  is  slightly  different 
and  the  angles  between  the  tertiary  and  the  lateral  nerves  appear  to  be  more  obtuse. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

CocciiLrrEs  inquieendus  n.  sp. 

PI.  XII,  fig.  13. 

Leaf  linear-elliptical  (?)  in  outline,  about  5  centimeters  (?)  long  by  1.5  centimeters  maximum  width; 

margin  entire;  apex  blunt;  nervation  aerodrome,  consisting  of  a  midrib  and  two  pairs  of  subparallel  lateral 

nerves  near  the  margin,  with  subparallel  tertiary  nerves  connecting  the  midrib  with  the  inner  lateral  nerves 

and  the  lateral  nerves  with  each  other. 

This  fragment  has  many  points  in  common  with  Cocculites  Kanii  (Heer)  Heer," 
although  much  smaller  in  size,  and  with  Menispermites  ovalis  Lesq.,*  and  the  ques- 
tion of  genei'ic  reference  appears  to  be  merely  a  matter  of  personal  choice. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Family  JVIAGNOLIACBiE. 
Magnolia  Capellinii  Heer. 

PI.  XVII,  figs.  3,  4. 

Magnolia  Caipdiinii  Heer,  Nouv.  Mem.  Soc.  Helv.  Sci.  Nat.,  vol.  22,  No.  1,  1867  (Phyll.  Cret.  Nebr.),  p.  21, 
pi.  3,  figs.  5,  6;  HoUick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1893,  p.  234,  pi.  6,  fig.  6;  Bull.  Geol.  Soc. 
Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13;  Fifty-fifth  Ann.  Eept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  r49;  BuU.  New 
York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3, 1904,  p.  413,  pi.  78,  fig.  3. 

There  can  be  no  question  m  regard  to  our  specimens  being  identical  with  this 
well-defined  species,  which  is  not  uncommon  on  Long  Island,  but  has  not  been. 
satisfactorily  identified  from  elsewhere  in  this  region,  although  it  is  listed  by  Les- 
quereux  as  having  been  found  at  Sayreville,  N.  J.,"^  and  Berry  describes  and  figures 
a  fragment  of  a  leaf  from  Cliffwood,  N.  J.,  as  belonging  to  the  species.*^  In  con- 
nection with  the  former,  however,  Lesquereux  says  (loc.  cit.) :  "These  specimens 
are  few  and  poor,  and  therefore  the  determinations  are  not  positively  ascertained," 
and  the  identity  of  the  latter  is  very  doubtful. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PL  XVII,  fig.  3.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Center  Island,  Long  Island,  PL  XVII,  fig.  4.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

nFl.  Foss.  Aret.,  vol.  3  (Mioc.  Fl.  Arct.  Zone),  1874,  p.  21;  ibid.,  vol.  7,  1883,  p.  124,  pi.  100,  fig.  lb= Daphnogene  Kanii 
Heer,  ibid.,  vol.  1,  1S68,  p.  112,  pi.  14,  figs.  1-5;  pi.  16,  fig.  1=  Cocmlus  Kanii  (Heer)  Sap.  et  Mar.,  Essai  Veg.  Marnes  Heers. 
Gelind.,  1873,  p.  63,  pi.  10,  fig.  1. 

6  Ann.  Eept.  U.  S.  Geol.  and  Geog.  Survey  Terr.,  1874  (1876),  p.  357,  pi.  5,  fig.  4. 

c  Kept.  Clay  Deposits  New  Jersey,  Geol.  Survey  New  Jersey,  1878,  p.  29. 

i  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  31, 1904,  p.  76,  pi.  3,  fig.  3. 


64    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Magnolia  speciosa  Heer. 

PI.  XIX,  figs.  1-4. 

Magnolia  speciosa  Heer,  Neue  Denkschr.  Schw.  Gesellsch.  Natunvissensch.,  vol.  23  (Kreide-FI.  Moletein),  1869, 
p.  20,  pi.  7,  fig.  1 ;  pl.9,fig.2;  pi.  10,  figs.  1 ,  2 :  pl.ll.fig.l;  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12, 
1893,'  p.  234,  pi.  7,  fig.  4;  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club.  vol.  21, 1894,  p.  60,  pi.  178,  fig.  5;  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am., 
vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13;  Fifty-fifth  Arm.  Kept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  rSO;  Berry,  Bull. 
Torrey  Bot.  Cluh,  vol.  31,  1904,  p.  76,  pi.  3,  fig.  10. 

The  specimens  representing  this  species  are  among  the  most  satisfactory  which 
have  been  foimd  withki  the  insular  area,  and  it  is  evident  from  the  number  of  speci- 
mens included  in  the  collections  that  the  species  was  an  important  element  in  the 
flora.  It  is  prominently  identified  with  the  Dakota  group  and  also  occurs  in  the 
clay  marl  of  Cliff  wood,  N.  J.,  but  has  not  been  found  in  the  Amboy  clays. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XIX,  figs.  1,  2.  Collected  by  Arthur 
HoUick.     Specimens  ui  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XIX,  figs".  3,  4.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Magnolia  tenuefolia  Lesquereux. 

PI.  XVII,  fig.  1;  PI.  XVIII,  figs.  4,  5. 

Magnolia ienuifolia  Lesq.,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  46, 1868,  p.  100;  Cret.  Fl.,  1874,  p.  92,  pi.  21,  fig.  1 ;  Berry,  Bull. 
New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3, 1903,  p.  77,  pi.  47,  fig.  10;  HoUick,  ibid.,  1904,  p.  413,  pi.  73,  fig.  2. 

There  is  considerable  difference  between  the  robust  specimen  represented  by 
our  fig.  5,  PL  XVIII,  and  the  more  delicate  specimens  represented  by  the  other  two, 
but  the  same  may  be  said  of  Lesquereux's  figures,"  and  the  general  resemblance 
between  all  of  them  seems  to  justify  the  reference  to  this  species. 

Locality:  Sea  CM",  Long  Island,  PL  XVII,  fig.  1.  Collected  by  Gilbert  Van 
Ingen.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PL  XVIII,  fig.  4.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PL  XVIII,  fig.  5.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Magnolia  longipes  Newberry.? 
PL  XXI,  figs.  5,  6. 

Magnolia  longipes  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1S95  (1896),  p.  76,  pi.  .54,  figs. 

1-3;  HoUick,  BuU.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  60,  pi.  178,  figs.  1,  3;  Fifty-fifth  Ann.  Kept.  New 

York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  r50. 
These  fragmentary  specimens  are  not  satisfactory  subjects  for  accurate  com- 
parison, and  they  might  be  almost  equally  well  included  ^vith  M.  ienuifolia  Lesq.,^ 
which  differs  but  little  from  the  species  under  consideration.  In  order  that  satis- 
factory comparison  might  be  made,  however,  it  would  be  necessary  to  have  both  the 
apex  and  petiole  represented. 

oMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  pi.  24,  fig.  1,  and  Cret.  Fl.,  1874,  pi.  21,  fig.  1. 
6Cret.  Fl.,  1874,  pi.  21,  fig.  1  and  this  monograph,  PI.  XXVII,  fig.  1;  PI.  XXVIII,  flgs.  4,  5. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  65 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PL  XXI,  fig.  .5.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hol- 
lick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Dosoris  Island,  Long  Island,  PL  XXI,  fig.  6.  Collected  by  Bailey  Willis. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Magnolia  psexjdoacuminata  Lesquereux. 

PI.  XVIII,  figs.  2,  3. 

Magnolia  psendoacuminata  Lesq.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1S92,  p.  199,  pi.  24,  fig.  2. 

I  have  found  more  or  less  difficulty,  by  reason  of  the  fragmentary  character  of 
most  of  our  specimens,  in  making  a  satisfactory  distinction  between  this  and  the 
closely  allied  species  tenuifolia  and  amplifolia.  In  fact,  even  in  the  more  perfect 
specimens  figured  hj  Lesquereux  "  to  represent  the  three  species  the  specific  dis- 
tinctions are  not  very  apparent. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  "White.  Speci- 
mens m  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Magnolia  amplifolia  Heer. 

PI.  xvm,  fig.  1. 

Magnolia  amplifolia  Heer,  Neue  Denkschr.  Schw.  Gesellsch.  Naturwissensch. ,  vol.  23  (Kreide-Fl.  Moletein) 
1869,  p.  21,  pi.  8,  fig.  1 ;  pi.  9,  fig.  1. 

This  specimen,  although  unquestionablj^  identical  with  Heer's  species,  as  may 
be  seen  by  comparison  with  his  figures,  more  especially  with  his  fig.  1,  pi.  9(loc.  cit.), 
might  readily  be  confused  with  certain  allied  species,  as  previously  noted  in  my  dis- 
cussion of  M.  pseudoacuminata  Lesq.  The  close  similaritj^  between  these  two  spe- 
cies was  also  noted  by  Lesquereux,''  who,  however,  regarded  the  thick  midrib  and 
curved  apex  of  amplifolia  as  specificalty  distinguisMng  features,  both  of  which  are 
well  shown  in  our  specimen. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  b_y  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

'  IMagnolia  Lacoeana  Lesquereux. 

PI.  XVII,  fig.  2. 

Magnolia  Lacoeana  Lesq.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  201,  pi.  60,  fig.  1;   New- 
berry, Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  73,  pi.  15,  figs.  1,  2. 

The  broad,  almost  orbicular  form  of  this  leaf  serves  to  identify  it  with  this 
species,  although  it  may  be  said  that  some  forms  referred  by  Heer  to  M.  Capellinii 
are  strikingly  suggestive.''  It  is  unfortunate  that  both  in  our  specimen  and  in  the 
one  figured  by  Lesquereux  the  apex  is  wanting,  which,  however,  he  describes  ^s 
"obtuse  or  abruptly  pointed." 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

oMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1S92,  pi.  24,  flgs.  1-3. 

6  Ibid.,  p.  200. 

»  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  pi.  24,  flg.  3;  pi.  45,  flg.  1. 

MON   L — 06 5 


66    FLOEA  OF  SOUTHEEN  NEW  YOEK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Magnolia  longifolia  Newberry. 

PI.  XX,  figs.  2,  3. 

Magnolia  langifolia  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surrey,  toI.  26  (Fl.  .\mboy  Clays),  1S95  (1896),  p.  76,  pi.  55,  figs. 
3,  5;  pi.  56,  figs.  1-4;  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  36,  pi.  3,  fig.  9:  Bull.  Geol. 
Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13;  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  422,  pi.  37,  fig.  3;  Fifty-fifth 
Ann.  Rept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  r50. 

Our  fig.  2  is  manifestly  too  fragmentary  for  satisfactory  identification,  but  fig. 
3  is  apparently  a  small  form  of  the  species  and  is  comparable  with  the  leaf  fi-om 
Woodbridge,  N.  J.,  doubtfully  referred  by  Ne\vberry  to  M.  alternans  Heer,°  which, 
however,  can  hardly  be  included  in  that  species. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Ai'thur  Hollick.  Specimens 
in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Magnolia  Isbeegiana  Heer. 

PI.  XX,  fig.  4. 

Magnolia  Isbergiana  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  91,  pi.  36,  fig.  3;  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot. 
dub,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  60,  pi.  178,  fig.  4;  Fifty-fifth  Ann.  Rept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  r50. 

This  species  is  represented  in  our  collections  by  the  one  specimen  here  figured, 
which  appears  to  be  the  only  one  thus  far  brought  to  light  other  than  the  single 
type  specimen  from  Greenland,  figured  by  Heer  (loc.  cit.) .  The  two  figures  are  quite 
similar,  although  the  type  shows  a  wider  base,  thus  giving  to  the  leaf  a  more  pyi'ami- 
dal  shape  than  is  indicated  in  ours. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen  in 
Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Magnolia  woodbridgensis  Hollick. 

PI.  XX,  fig.  7. 

Magnolia  woodbridgensis  Hollick,  in  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Oays),  1895  (1896), 
p.  74,  pi.  36,  fig.  11;  pi.  57,  figs.  5-7;  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  16,  1897,  p.  133,  pi.  14,  fig.  8; 
Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  60,  pi.  3,  fig.  2;  Berry,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3, 
1903,  p.  77,  pi.  53,  fig.  5;  pi.  57,  fig.  2. 

This  specimen,  although  imperfect,  is  so  exactly  comparable  with  fig.  7,  pi.  57 
(Fl.  Amboy  Clays,  loc.  cit.),  that  they  must  be  regarded  as  identical.  It  is  the  only 
representative  of  the  species  thus  far  found  witliin  the  insular  area,  although  the 
species  is  not  uncommon  in  both  the  Amboy  clays  and  the  Clifi'wood  clay  marls  in 
New  Jersey. 

Locality:  Balls  Point,  Block  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 


oMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  jUnboy  Clays),  1895  (1806),  pi.  55,  fig.  1. 


DESCKIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  67 

Magnolia  glaucoides  Newberry? 

PI.  XIX,  fig.  6;  PI.  XX,  fig.  6. 

Magnolia  glaucoides  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  74,  pi.  57,  figs, 
1-4;  HoUick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  60,  pi.  175,  figs.  1,  7;  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  Vol.  7. 
1895,  p.  13;  Fifty-fifth  Ann.  Kept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  r.50. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  in  each  of  our  specimens  the  upper  part  is  missing,  as  tliis 
part  would  probably  serve  to  determine  whether  we  should  regard  them  as  belong- 
ing Avith  tliis  species  or  with  M.  Boulayana  Lesq.,"  which  apparently  differs  from 
the  former  merely  in  having  an  acute  instead  of  an  obtuse  apex.  Tliis  specific  dis- 
tinction may  not  always  hold  good,  however,  as  indicated  by  several  specimens  from 
New  Jersey  in  the  Museum  of  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden,  and  in  any  critical 
revision  of  the  genus  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  the  two  species  would  be  united. 

Locality:  Sea  Cliff,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Gilbert  Van  Ingen.  Specimens 
in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Magnolia  alternans  Heer. 

Magnolia  alternans  Heer,  Nouv.  Mem.  Soc.  Helv.  Sci.  Nat.,  vol.  22,  No.  1  (Phyll.  Cr6t.  Nebr.),  1867,  p.  20, 
pi.  3,  figs.  2-4;  pi.  4,  figs.  1,  2;  Pollard,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  13,  1394,  p..  181. 

This  species  is  listed  by  Pollard  (loc.  cit.)  as  occurring  at  Elm  Point,  G'-^-at  Neck, 
Long  Island,  but  I  have  not  seen  the  specimen. 

Magnolia  Van  Ingeni  Holiick. 
PI.  XX,  fig.  1. 
Magnolia  Van  Ingeni  HoUick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  61,  pi.  175,  fig.  6  , 

This  species,  based  upon  a  single  specimen,  the  original  figure  of  which  is  here 
reproduced,  is  somewhat  similar  in  appearance  to  M.  glaucoides  Nevvb.,  as  may  be 
seen  by  comparing  it  with  the  figures  of  specimens  so  referred  in  tliis  monograph  on 
PI.  XIX,  fig.  6,  and  PI.  XX,  fig.  6,  but  the  leaf  is  narrower,  the  base  more  rounded, 
and  the  angle  of  nervation  more  obtuse. 

Locality:  Sea  Cliff,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Gilbert  Van  Ingen.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Magnolia  aueiculata  Newberry. 

PI.  XIK,  fig.  5;  PI.  XX,  figs.  5,  8. 

Magnolia  auriculata  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  75,  pi.  41,  fig. 

13;  pi.  58,  figs.  1-11;  HoUick,  BuU.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  61,  pi.  179,  figs.  6,  7;  Fifty-fifth 

Ann.  Kept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  r49. 
"Dicotyledonous  leaf  impression,"  Hitchcock,  Geol.  Massachusetts,  vol.  2,  1841,  p.  430,  pi.  19,  fig.  1  in  part. 

The  identity  of  our  specimens  with  this  exceedingly  variable  species  is  perhaps 
open  to  question,  although  I  have  specimens  from  New  Jersey,  labeled  by  Doctor 

sMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  202,  pi.  60,  fig.  2;  pi.  65,  fig.  2. 


68    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Newberry,  which  resemble  ours  more  closely  than  any  of  those  which  he  figured.  It 
is  interesting  to  note  that  a  leaf  from  Gay  Head  figured  by  Hitchcock,  to  which, 
however,  he  did  not  give  any  name,  unquestionably  belongs  to  this  species,  as  may 
be  seen  by  comparing  it "  with  Newberry's  figures  (loc.  cit.). 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PL  XIX,  fig.  5,  PI.  XX,  fig.  5.  Collected  by 
Arthur  Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XX,  fig.  8.     Collected  by  Edward  Hitchcock. 

LlEIODENDRON    OBLONGIFOLIUM    Ncwbcrryl 
PI.  XXI,  fig.  8. 

Liriodendron  oblongifolium  Newb.,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  14,  1887,  p.  5,  pi.  61,  fig.  1;  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol. 
Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  81,  pi.  52,  figs.  1-5;  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club, 
vol.  21, 1894,  p.  62,  pi.  179,  fig.  3. 

This  specimen,  while  it  has  much  the  appearance  of  a  median  portion  of  a  leaf  of 
this  species,  is  altogether  too  fragmentary  for  any  but  provisional  reference,  espe- 
cially as  it  is  the  only  specimen  of  this  species  in  the  insular  flora  collections. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen  in 
Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

LmiODENDRON  PRiM^vxJM  Ncwbcrry. 
PI.  XXI,  fig.  7. 

LiTiodendror  prirrwsvum  Newb.,  Annals  New  York  l^yc.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  9,  1868,  p.  12;  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey, 
vol.  35  (Later  Ext.  Fl.  N.  Am.),  1898,  p.  96,  pi.  6,  fig.  7;  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12, 1892, 
p.  35,  pi.  3,  fig.  4. 

This  single  specimen,  which  fortunately,  however,  is  well  preserved,  is  all  that 
we  have  to  represent  the  species  in  any  of  the  collections  of  Cretaceous  plants  from 
eastern  North  America.  Both  Heer''  and  Lesquereux'  included  this  species  with 
the  unlobed,  emarginate  leaves  which  Newberrj^  placed  in  the  genus  Liriodendropsis. 
His  views  in  this  connection  may  be  found  expressed  in  the  Flora  of  the  Amboj' 
Clays'*  on  pages  79,  80,  and  I  have  no  hesitation  in  regarding  his  conclusions  in  this 
respect  as  valid. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Liriodendron  attenuatum  n.  sp. 

PI.  XXI,  figs.  9-11. 

Liriodendron  prirnxvum  Newb.,  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  61,  pi.  179,  fig.  4. 

Leaves  obscurely  2-lobed,  entire,  rounded  below  to  a  wedge-shaped  base,  constricted  above  to  an  emar- 

•  ginate  apex;  secondary  nerves  numerous  and  fine,  diverging  from  the  midrib  at  acute  angles,  soon  branching 

•  and  forming  an  irregular  network  with  the  tertiary  nerves. 

The  first  specimen  of  this  species  discovered,  represented  by  our  fig.  9,  was 
thought  to  be  a  form  of  L.  primsevum  Newb.  and  was  so  described  by  me  (loc.  cit.), 

'  sReproduced  in  our  PI.  X.X,  fig.  8.  cMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  203. 

,  . 6PL  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  p.  87.  dMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  69 

but  specimens  subsequently  found  have  made  it  seem  advisable  to  regard  them  all  as 
belonging  to  a  distinct  species,  with  the  secondary  nervation  at  a  more  acute  angle  of 
divergence  from  the  midrib  and  with  a  more  elongated  or  attenuated  upper  portion 
than  in  L.  primsevum. 

In  some  respects  these  leaves  are  similar  to  some  of  those  included  in  the  genus 
Liriodendropsis,  and  it  is  possible  that  they  may  ultimately  have  to  be  so  considered. 
Our  fig.  11  is  to  be  specially  noted  in  this  connection. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXI,  fig.  9.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hol- 
Uck.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXI,  figs.  10,  1 1.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Genus  Liriodendropsis  Newberry. 

Genus  Liriodendropsis  Newberry  gen.  nov.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  189.5  (1896), 
p.  82. 

In  this  genus  Newberry  includes  leaves  of  considerable  variation  in  form  v/hich 
he  originally  described  as  a  single  species  tmder  Liriodendron ",  and  says  (loc.  cit.) : 

I  have  thought  it  best  to  distinguish  by  a  new  generic  name  a  group  of  leaves  which  are  numerous  in  the 
Amboy  clays  and  the  Atane  beds  ot  Greenland.  They  have  been  hitherto  included  in  the  genus  Liriodendron 
by  Professor  Heer  and  myself;  but  while  they  are  evident^  related  to  the  tulip  tree,  their  simple  ovate  or 
lanceolate  form,  relatively  small  size,  and  strongly  marked,  reticulated  nervation  separate  taem  into  a  group  by 
themselves,  possessing  characters  which  seem  to  have  more  than  a  specific  value. 

Since  the  date  Newberry  wrote  the  above  a  large  amount  of  new  material  has 
been  collected,  wliich  includes  not  only  many  which  are  identical  with  those  which  he 
described,  but  others  which,  although  difi^ering  in  certain  particulars,  are  so  closely 
similar  that  they  should  all  be  regarded  as  at  least  generically  related,  although  what 
the  botanical  relationship  of  the  genus  may  be  is  a  question  which  we  are  not  yet  in  a 
position  to  answer,  and  it  must  be  admitted  that  in  this  connection  the  new  material, 
with  its  multiplicity  of  new  forms,  has  added  to  our  perplexity  instead  of  assisting  us 
in  arriving  at  anj^  satisfactory  conclusion. 

Heer  considered  certain  leaves  from  the  lower  Atane  beds  of  Greenland,  iden- 
tical with  those  subsequently  included  by  Newberry  under  Liriodendropsis  simplex,^ 
to  be  varieties  of  Liriodendron  Meelcii  Heer,  and  they  were  so  described  and  figured 
by  him,  together  with  other  forms  which  he  regarded  as  allied,  including  Lirioden- 
dron primsevum  Newb.,  Phyllites  obcordatus  Heer,  and  Leguminosites  Marcouanus 
Heer.''  This  segregation  of  species  was  criticised  by  Newberry  in  his  discussion  of 
the  genus  Liriodendropsis  (.loc.  cit.),  but  the  actual  or  possible  relationship  of  most 
of  them  to  Liriodendron  was  afiirmed. 

The  question  of  the  affinity  of  some  of  these  forms  with  Liriodendron  was  dis- 
cussed at  some  length  by  Theodor  Holm  in  a  paper  entitled  "Notes  on  the  Leaves 

aL.  simplex.,  BuU.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  14, 1887,  p.  6,  pi.  42,  flgs.  2^. 

i  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1S95  (1896),  p.  S3,  pi.  19,  flgs.  2,  3;  pi.  53,  flgs.  1^,  7. 
cFI.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2) ,  1882,  p.  87,  pi.  18,  flg.  4o;  pi.  22,  flgs.  la,  lb,  2-13;  pi.  23,  flgs.  3-8;  pi.  25,  flg.  5a;  pi.  45, 
figs.  13a,  13b. 


70    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

of  Liriodendron," "  in  which  he  criticises  their  reference  even  to  the  MagnoHacese, 
and  says  (loc.  cit.,  p.  33) :  "*  *  *  there  is  good  reason  for  considering  some  of 
the  obcordate  leaves  as  belonging  to  plants  of  a  quite  different  family,  namely,  if 
we  compare  them  with  leaflets  of  the  LeguminosEe." 

The  same  author  subsequently  continued  the  discussion  in  a  paper  "On  the 
Validity  of  Some  Fossil  Species  of  Liriodendron,"^  in  which  he  calls  attention  to  a 
specimen  figured  by  me,  showing  three  leaves  in  close  juxtaposition,"  and  pertinently 
remarks  (loc.  cit.,  p.  314):  "*  *  *  might  we  not  then  assume  that  they  have 
been  situated  close  together,  as  they  were  found  in  the  rock?  They  seem,  indeed, 
to  have  formed  a  trifoliate  leaf,  not  unlike  Desmodium,  Phaseolus,  and  others.  Their 
venation  is  much  more  like  that  of  the  Leguminosae  than  of  any  known  Liriodendron. 
Moreover  we  must  not  forget  that  notched  leaves  are  not  only  common  among  the 
LeguminosEe,  but  exist  in  many  genera  of  various  families,  e.  g.,  Zygophyllum,  Pas- 
sifiora,  Akehia,  etc. — which  might  also,  be  taken  into  consideration." 

Leaves  which  are  superficially  indistinguishable  from  some  of  ours  are  described 
and  figured  by  Bayer  from  the  Cretaceous  of  Bohemia  under  the  name  Bignonia 
fulcherrimafsir\.A  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  in  his  fig.  126a  he  shows  three  leaflets 
joined  to  a  common  petiole,  thus  forming  a  compound  leaf.  These  figures  are  repro- 
duced for  conaparison  in  our  figures  2  and  3  on  PI.  XXV,  together  with  Newberry's 
type  figure  of  Liriodendropsis  simplex  in  fig.  1. 

A  number  of  othei;  fossil  leaves,  which  have  been  described  from  time  to  time 
under  different  genera,  are  impossible  to  separate  from  the  general  type  represented 
in-  Liriodendropsis.  '  As  examples  in  this  connection  majr  be  mentioned  Sapotacites 
retusus  Heer,*^  and  Myrsinophyllum  varians  Yel./  a  figure  of  which  is  reproduced 
for  comparison  on  PI.  XXV,  fig.  6. 

Finally,  attention  may  be  called  to  the  interesting  comparison  made  by  Ward 
between  certain  forms  of  Liriodendropsis  simplex  and  Cliondrophyton  lace'ratum  Sap., 
from  the  Cretaceous  of  Portugal,^  which  latter  he  does  not  hesitate  to  rename  Lirio- 
dendropsis lacerata. 

In  view,  therefore,  of  the  wide  differences  of  opinion  which  have  been  expressed 
in  regard  to  the  probable  botanical  affinities  of  these  leaf  forms  and  the  impossibility 
of  separating  one  from  another,  except  in  the  case  of  extreme  forms,  I  have  thought 
it  advisable  to  include  all  of  the  specimens  from  our  vicinity  under  the  generic  name 
Liriodendropsis,  leaving  it  in  the  systematic  position  in  which  it  was  placed  bj^  the 
author  and  separating  it  into  as  few  species  as  possible,  although  doubtless  some 
authorities  may  be  inclined  to  recognize  additional  species  or  varieties  among  the 
many  forms  figured. 

»  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  yol.  1.3, 1890,  pp.  15-35,  pis.  4-9. 

bBot.  Gaz.,  vol.  20,  1895,  pp.  312-316,  pi.  23. 

c Liriodendron  simplex  Newb.,  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island  N.  Y.  Trans.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12, 1893,  pi.  5,  fig.  2.  See  this 
monograph,  PI.  XXIII,  fig.  5. 

tiStudien  Gebioto  Bohm.  Kreideform.  (Perucor  Schichten),  1900  (1901),  p.  156,  figs.  126a,  126b.  (Fig.  126a  reduced  in 
size;  flg.  126b  nat.  size.) 

c  Fl.  Foss.  .\rct.,  vol.  7,  p.  32,  pi.  61,  flg.  10. 

/Kvet.  Cesk.  Conomanu,  p.  25,  pi.  4,  figs.  8,  9;  pi.  5,  fig.  12;  pi.  6,  figs.  10.  11. 

ffSi.xteonth  Ann.  Rept.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  1894-5  (1896),  pt.  1,  p.  540.  pi.  107,  figs.  6-8.  ^ 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  71 

LiRiODENDROPSis  ANGUSTiFOLiA  Newberry. 

PI.  XXVI,  figs,  la,  2-5. 

Liriodendropsis  angustifolia  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  84,  pi. 

53,  fig.  8;  Hollick,  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13. 
Liriodendron  simplex  Newb.  in  part.  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  14, 1887,  p.  6,  pi.  62,  fig.  4. 

This  species  maj''  be  regarded  as  occupying  one  extreme  of  the  series  of  which 
Liriodendropsis  spectaMlis  represents  the  other,  with  L.  simplex,  L.  retusa,  and  L. 
constricta  as  intermediate  forms.  Newberry's  type  figure  is  reproduced  on  PI. 
XXVI,  fig.  4. 

It  may  appear  to  be  just  as  difficult  to  draw  the  fine  between  this  species  and 
some  of  those  included  under  L.  constricta  as  between  any  two  other  forms,  but  in 
maintaining  them  as  distinct  I  believe  that  I  am  following  the  course  which  would 
have  been  pursued  by  Doctor  Newberry  if  he  had  had  the  material  in  hand  when 
he  decided  to  recognize  the  species  simplex  and  angustifolia. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXVI,  figs,  la,  3.  Collected  by 
David  White.     Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXVI,  fig.  2.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Woodbridge,  N.  J.,  PI.  XXVI,  figs.  4,  5.  Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot. 
Gard. 

Liriodendropsis  constricta  (Ward  var.). 

PI.  XXII,  fig.  7:  PL  XXVI,  figs.  6-15;  PI.  XL,  fig.  IS. 

Liriodendropsis  simplex  constricta  Ward,  Sixteenth  Ann.  Rept.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  pt.  1,  1894-95  (1896), 

p.  540,  pl.  107,  fig.  8. 
Liriodendron  simplex  Newb.,  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1893,  p.  235,  pl.  7,  fig.  3. 

Leaves  entire,  varying  between  4  and  9  centimeters  in  length  by  2  to  3.5  centimeters  in  maximum  width, 
ovate-lanceolate  in  outline,  wedge-shaped  at  the  base,  abruptly  constricted  or  narrowed  and  almost  linear  in 
the  upper  part,  with  an  emarginate  or  truncate  apex;  secondary  and  tertiary  nervation  almost  indistinguish- 
able one  from  the  other,  forming  a  fine  network  of  elongated  and  polygonal  areolae.    , 

I  have  included  in  this  species  the  specimens  in  which  the  upper  part  is  nar- 
rowed or  abruptly  constricted.  The  leaf  which  I  regard  as  the  type  of  the  species 
is  shown  on  Pl.  XXVI,  fig.  15,  while  figs.  7-1 1  are  indicative  of  relationship  with 
L.  angustifolia  and  L.  simplex. 

With  considerable  hesitation  I  have  also  decided  to  include  the  specimen  rep- 
resented on  Pl.  XL  bj''  fig.  15,  which  may  be  merely  an  abnormal  form  of  the  species, 
and  that  represented  on  Pl.  XXII  by  fig.  7,  which  is  a  form  more  or  less  suggestive 
of  L.  spectaiilis. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  Pl.  XXII,  fig.  7;  Pl.  XXVI,  figs. 
6-14;  Pl.  XL,  fig.  15.     Collected  by  David  White.     Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  Pl.  XXVI,  fig.  15.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 


72    FLORA  OF  SOUTHEEN  NEW  YOEK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

LmiODENDROPSis  EETUSA  (Heer)  n.  comb. 

PI.  XXV,  figs.  8,  9. 

Supotaciies  retusus  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  7,  1883,  p.  32,  pi.  61,  fig.  10;  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Sur- 
vey, vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  123,  pi.  53,  figs.  5,  6. 
Lirwdendron  simplex  Newb.  Hollick.,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1S93,  p.  235,  pi.  5,  fig.  5. 

I  can  see  no  valid  reason  for  regarding  the  leaves  represented  by  these  speci- 
mens as  generically  distinct  from  the  others  with  notched  apices,  referred  to  Lirio- 
dendropsis,  and  in  fact  they  might  even  be  included  in  some  one  or  another  of  the 
described  species  of  that  genus,  but  Newberry  considered  the  form  represented  by 
our  two  specimens  here  figured  to  be  distinct.  Whether  the  distinctive  features 
should  be  regarded  as  generic,  specific,  or  varietal  is  largely  a  matter  of  personal 
choice  and  convenience. 

Locality:  Woodbridge,  N.  J.,  PI.  XXV,  fig.  8.  Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York 
Bot.  Gard. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXV,  fig.  9.  Collected  by  Arthur  HolHck. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

LiRiODENDROPsis  SIMPLEX  (Newberry)  Newberry. 
PI.  XXIII,  figs.  1-7;  PI.  XXIV,  figs.  1-9;  PI.  XXV,  figs.  1,  4,  5,  7,  10-12;  PI.  XXVI,  figs,  lb,  Ic,  Id. 

Liriodendropsis  simplex  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  83,  pi.  19, 
figs.  2,  3;  pi.  53,  figs.  1-4,  7;  Hollick,  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13. 

Liriodendron  simplex  Newb.  in  part,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  14,  1887,  p.  6,  pi.  62,  figs.  2,  3;  White,  Am. 
Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  39,  1890,  p.  98,  pi.  2,  figs.  6,  7;  Uhler,  Trans.  Maryland  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  1,  1892  (1901), 
p.  207;  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1892,  p.  99,  pi.  2,  figs.  2,  4,  5,  7,  9;  Ibid.,  vol.  12, 
1893,  p.  235,  pi.  5,  figs.  1,  2,  4;  pi.  7,  fig.  2;  Fifty-fifth  Ann.  Kept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903), 
p.  r50;  Pollard,  Trans.j^ew  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  13,  1894,  p.  180. 

It  is  with  some  hesitation  that  I  have  included  all  these  leaf  forms  in  this  one 
species,  and  it  is  impossible  to  know  whether  the  author  of  the  Species  would  have 
done  so,  but  any  attempt  to  separate  them,  even  into  varieties,  seems  hopeless,  on 
account  of  the  large  number  which  it  would  be  impossible  to  differentiate  satisfac- 
torily; and  in  this  connection  it  may  be  remarked  that  not  nearly  all  the  specimens 
available  have»been  figured. 

When  the  relativelj^  coarse  secondary  nervation  only  is  preserved  the  leaves 
present  quite  a  different  appearance  to  those  in  which  the  finer  intermediate  nerva- 
tion also  is  apparent.  In  the  latter  case  the  entire  system  of  nervation  is  so  inter- 
laced that  the  distinction  between  coarser  and  finer  Tierves  is  often  difficult  to 
discern. 

Another  feature  also  of  the  nervation,  to  which  Newberry  did  not  call  atten- 
tion, is  the  quite  considerable  variation  in  the  angle  of  divergence  from  the  midrib. 
In  those  leaves  which  are  symmetrical  or  nearly  so,  the  angle  is  practically  uniform, 
while  in  those  which  are  irregular  in  outline  the  angle  varies  from  about  45  degrees 
to  almost  a  right  angle  in  the  same  leaf,  according  to  the  position  of  the  marginal 
inequalities. 

Plowever  we  may  regard  them,  it  is  evident  that  these  leaves  represent  one  or 
more  of  the  most  abundant  elements  in  the  Cretaceous  flora  of  this  region,  and  if 


DESCKIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  78 

it  should  be  proven  that  they  are  identical  with  similar  leaves  from  other  localities, 
with  which  they  have  been  compared,  we  have  in  them  a  tjqje  of  vegetation  that 
was  world-wide  in  its  distribution. 

The  forms  which  I  regard  as  typical  of  the  species  as  defined  and  figured  by 
Newberry  are  shown  on  PI.  XXIV,  figs.  4-9,  together  with  three  of  Newberrj'^'s  type 
figures  (hgs.  1-3)  and  another  on  PI.  XXV,  fig.  1. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vinej^ard,  PI.  XXIII,  figs.  1,  2,  3;  PI.  XXV, 
figs.  4,  10,  11,  12;  PI.  XXVI,  figs,  lb,  c,  d.  Collected  by  David  White.  Specimens 
in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXIII,  figs.  4,  5;  PL  XXIV,  figs.  4,  8,  9;  PI. 
XXV,  fig.  5.  (Fig.  ^4,  PI.  XXIII,  fig.  4,  PI.  XXIV,  collected  by  David  Wlnte; 
specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.;  fig.  5,  PI.  XXIII;  figs.  8,  9,  PI.  XXIV;  fig.  5,  PI. 
XXV,  collected  by  Arthur  Hollick,  specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.) 

Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  XXIII,  fig.  7;  PI.  XXIV,  figs.  5-7;  PI.  XXV, 
fig.  7.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimens  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts 
and  Sci. 

Woodbridge,  N.  J.,  PI.  XXIII,  fig.  6;  PI.  XXIV,  figs.  1-3;  PI.  XXV,  fig.  1. 
Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

LiRIODENUROPSIS    SPECTABILIS  n.  sp. 

PI.  XXII,  figs.  1-6. 

Celastrophyllum  decurrens  Lesq,?     Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  59,  pi.  179,  fig.  1. 

Leaves  lanceolate  to  ovate-lanceolate  in  outline,  1.1  to  1.45  decimeters  in  length  b}^  5.5  centimeters  maxi- 
mum width,  entire,  emarginate  at  the  apex;  secondary  and  tertiarj'  nervation  almost  indistinguishable  one 
from  the  other,  merging  and  forming  a  fine  reticulated  network  of  elongated  and  poh'gonal  areolae. 

This  species  hardly  differs  from  L.  simplex  except  in  size,  and  the  decision  to 
regard  them  as  specifically  distinct  will  doubtless  be  criticized;  but  so  also  would  be 
a  determination  to  group  them  together,  especially  if  comparison  were  made  between 
the  extremes  of  size  and  shape  in  the  two  species. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXII,  figs.  1,  2,  4,  5.  Collected 
by  David  White.     Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXTI,  figs.  3,  6.  (Fig.  3  cohected  by  Arthur  Hol- 
lick. Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.  Fig.  6  collected  by.  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.) 

Family  ANONACE.^.  _ 

GUATTERIA    CRETACEA    n.    Sp. 

PI.  XXI,  figs.  1-4. 

Leaves  varying  in  size  from  7.5  centimeters  to  1 .5  decimeters  in  length  by  2.5  centimeters  to  4  centimeters  in 
width,  linear-lanceolate  in  outline,  broadest  just  above  the  wedge-shaped,  somewhat  uiisymmetrical  base  and 
tapering  irregularly  to  the  apex;  margin  entire  and  more  or  less  sinuous;  secondary  nerves  numerous,  irregu- 
larly disposed,  forming  acute  angles  with  the  midrib,  curving  upward  and  anastomosing  near  their  extremities. 

These  leaves  are  apparently  different  from  anj^  heretofore  described,  c.lthough 
our  smallest  one,  represented  by  fig.  3,  is  almost  indistinguishable  from  the  larceo- 
late  leaves  included  in  fig.  4,  pi.  62,  in  Lesquereux's  Flora  of  the  Dakota  Group, 


74    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

which  is  named  "  Phyllites  durescens  sp.  nov."  in.  the  explanation  of  the  plate.  It 
is  evident,  however,  that  this  figure  was  included  in  the  species  through  some  error, 
as  it  is  not  referred  to  in  the  descriptive  text  on  page  218,  and  the  specific  descrip- 
tion, while  it  agrees  with  the  other  figures  (loc.  cit.,  pi.  61,  fig.  5;  pi.  62,  fig.  3),  is 
impossible  of  application  to  the  former. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXI,  figs.  1-.3.  Collected  by 
David  Wliite.     Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXI,  fig.  4.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Family  LAURACE^. 

CiNNAMOMTJM    CEASSIPETIOLATUM    U.  sp. 

PI.  XXX,  figs.  3,  4. 

Leaves  large,  with  thick,  robust  petioles  about  3  centimeters  in  length;  lateral  nerves  basilar, strong,  with 
ascending  secondaries  on  the  outer  sides  and  connected  on  the  inner  sides  with  the  midrib  by  parallel,  upward- 
bent  cross  nervation. 

These  specimens  appear  to  belong  to  a  large  species  of  Cinruimomum  with  a 
conspicuously  robust  petiole,  such  as  I  have  failed  to  find  in  connection  with  any 
species  hitherto  described. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  David  White.  Specimens 
in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus 

CiNNAMOMUM  INTERMEDIUM  Newberry. 

PI.  XXIX,  fig.  7;  PL  XXX,  figs.  1, 2. 

Cinnamomum  intermedium  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  89,  pi. 
29,  figs,  1-8,  10;  HoUick,  Fifty-fifth  Ann.  Rept.,  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  rSO. 

Cinnamomum  Sezannense  Wat.,  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1891,  p.  53,  pi.  180,  figs.  5, 7;  Fifty- 
fifth  Ann.  Rept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  r50. 

This  species  is  closelj^  similar  in  general  appearance  to  some  forms  of  C  ScJieu- 
cTizeri  Heer,  C.  ellipsoideum  Sap.  and  Mar.,  and  C.  sezannense  Wat.,  as  noted  bj^New 
berry  in  his  discussion  (loc.  cit.).  My  original  identification  was  with  the  latter 
species,  while  Newberry,  in  discussing  the  resemblances  and  differences  between 
his  Amboy  clay  specimens  and  C.  ellipsoideum,  says:  "If,  however,  they  had  been 
found  in  the  same  country  and  [in-]  beds  of  the  same  age,  I  should  feel  compelled  to 
consider  them  as  but  forms  of  that  species."  The  question  of  specific  distinction, 
however,  is  secondary  to  the  fact,  which  is  apparently  conclusive,  that  these  speci- 
mens from  Long  Island  are  identical  with  those  figured  by  Newberry  from  the 
Amboy  clays  of  New  Jersey. 

Locality:  Manhassett  Neck,  Long  Island,  PL  XXIX,  fig.  7.  Collected  by 
Arthur  Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXX,  fig.  1.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Sea  Cliff,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXX,  fig.  2.  Collected  by  Gilbert  Van  Ingen. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 


DESCRIPTIOXS  OF  SPECIES.  75 

CiNNAMOMUivi  Heeeii  Lesquereux? 

PI.  XXX,  figs.  .5,  6. 

CinTiamomum  Heerii  Lesq.,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  27, 1859,  p.  361 ;  Mou.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.) 
1892,  p.  105,  pi.  15,  fig.  1. 

I  have  questioned  the  reference  of  our  specimens  to  this  species  for  the  reason 
that  they  do  not  agree  with  Lesquereux's  original  figure,"  although  his  subsequent 
figure  in  the  Flora  of  the  Dakota  Group  (loc.  cit.)  agrees  essential^  with  ours.  In 
almost  every  fossil  species  of  the  genus,  however,  a  wide  diversity  in  leaf  form  and 
point  of  origin  of  the  secondary  nerves  has  been  recognized  hy  those  who  have 
described  them,  and  the  difference  in  this  instance  is  no  greater  than  in  many  others. 
One  character  in  our  specimens,  however,  which  might  perhaps  serve  to  separate 
them  specificalljr,  is  the  thin  lateral  nerves  as  compared  with  the  relatively  thick 
midrib  and  petiole. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  bj^  David  White.  Speci- 
mens in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

CiNNAMOMUM  MEMBRANACETJM  (Lesquereux)  n.  comb. 
PI.  XXrX,  figs.  5,  6. 
Paliurus  membranaceu-s  Lesq.,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  46,  1868,  p.  101;  Cret.  Fl.,  1874,  p.  108,  pi.  20,  Rf.  6. 

The  reference  of  these  leaves  to  this  species  is  made  with  but  little  hesitation, 
although  ours  are  somewhat  larger  and  in  fig.  5  more  elongated ;  but  the  variation  in 
leaf  forms  displaj^ed  by  manj^  species  of  Cinnamomaim  is  too  well  known  to  require 
comment,  and  that  these  leaves  all  belong  m  this  genus  rather  than  in  Paliuru-^ 
appears  to  be  strongly  indicated.  Irregularity  in  outline  and  constriction  in  the 
upper  part,  indicating  a  tendency  to  lobation,  is  also  characteristic  of  several  species, 
and  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  this  tendency'-  is  well  shown  in  a  specimen  referred 
by  Lesquereux  to  Cinnamomum  sezannense  Wat.,*  which  might  very  well  be  con- 
sidered as  identical  with  ours.  In  all  of  these  figures  the  lobation  appears  to  be  con- 
fined to  one  side  of  the  leaf,  as  often  seen  in  our  living  Sassafras  and  as  shown  in  one 
figure  of  S.  suhintegrifolium.  Lesq.'^ 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  David  White.  Specimens  in 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Cinnamomum  sp. 

PI.  XXX,  fig.  7. 

This  fragment  apparently  rej^resents  the  base  of  a  Cinnamomum  leaf,  with 
prominently  suprabasilar  lateral  nerves.  The  slightly  outward-curving  margin 
may,  however,  indicate  an  irregular  or  lobate  margin,  and  in  that  case  the  leaf  would 
be  suggestive  of  Sassafras,  but  it  does  not  seem  possible  to  connect  it  satisfactorily 
with  any  described  species  in  either  genus. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 


o Trans.  Am.  Philos.  Soc,  vol.  13,  1869,  pi.  23,  flg.  12. 

i>Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  pi.  12,  flg.  6. 

clbid.,  pi.  14,  flg.  2. 


76         FLOEA  OF  SOUTHEEN  NEW  YOEK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Persea  Leconteana  (Lesquereux)  Lesquereux. 

PI.  XXXI,  fig.  1. 

Persea  Leconteana  (Lesq.)  Lesq.,  Cret.  Fl.,  1874,  p.  75,  pi.  28,  fig.  1. 

Sassafras  Leconteanum  Lesq.,  Trans.  Am.  Philos.  Soc,  vol.  13,  1S69,  p.  431,  pi.  23,  fig.  1. 

Although  this  is  the  oia\j  specimen  of  the  species  thus  far  reported  from  the 
Cretaceous  of  eastern  North  America,  its  identity  seems  to  be  quite  satisfactory. 
The  change  in  the  generic  name  from  Sassafras  to  Persea,  by  Lesquereux,  is  certainly 
to  be  commended. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Specimen 
in  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Persea  valida  n.  sp. 

PI.  XXIX,  figs.  8,  9. 

Leaves  about  1  decimeter  long  by  3  centimeters  wide  in  the  middle,  linear-lanceolate  in  outline,  tapering 
to  a  wedge-shaped  base  and  rather  abruptly  to  an  acute  apex;  margins  entire  and  irregularl}'  wavy;  midrib 
curved  and  flexuous  above,  straight  or  nearly  so  below;  secondary  nerves  numerous,  irregularly  disposed  and 
forming  varying,  mostly  acute  angles,  with  the  midrib,  especially  below,  curving  upward  and  anastomosing 
near  the  margin. 

These  beautiful  and  well-defined  leaves  are  hardly  distinguishable  from  many  of 
the  leaf  forms  of  the  living  Persea  pubescens  (Pursh)  Sarg.,  and  if  found  in  one  of  the 
more  recent  geological  horizons  would  probably  be  regarded  as  identical  with  that 
species. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  David  Wliite.  Specimens  in 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Ocotea  nassauensis  n.  sp. 

PI.  XXVII,  fig.  8. 

Leaf  about  5.5  centimeters  long,  entire,  obovate,  constricted  above  to  a  narrow  apex;  nervation  campto- 
drome;  secondary  nerves  alternately  disposed,  about  four  on  each  side,  diverging  from  the  midrib  at  varying 
acute  angles  and  curving  upward  along  the  margin. 

This  leaf  is  apparently  different  from  any  heretofore  described,  although  it  has 
some  resemblance  to  the  figure  described  as  a  terminal  leaflet  of  Sapindus  diversi- 
f alius  Lesq."     The  specific  name  is  from  Nassau,  an  old  name  for  Long  Island. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  David  Wliite.  Specimen  in 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Nectandra  imperfecta  n.  sp. 

PI.  XXVII,  figs.  13,  14. 

Leaves  linear-ovate  to  linear-lanceolate  in  outline,  entire,  narrowed  below  to  a  wedge-shaped  base;  sec- 
ondary nerves  few,  irregularly  disposed,  the  lower  ones  extending  upward  at  acute  angles,  the  upper  ones 
diverging  from  the  midrib  at  more  obtuse  angles  and  connecting  with  the  former  through  the  short  tertiary 
cross  nervation  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaf. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  these  specimens  are  both  imperfect,  as  they  apparently 
represent  a  new  and  well-defined  species  in  the  Lauraceae;  but  without  the  apex  it 
is  not  possible  to  form  a  satisfactory  idea  of  exactly  what  the  leaves  were  like, 

oMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  158,  pi.  64,  fig.  18  in  part. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  77 

although  the  lower  portions  indicate  relationship  with  Nectaridra  or  some  ciosely 
allied  genus. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
mens in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Sassafras  acutilobum  Lesquereux. 

PI.  XXX,  figs.  8,  9. 

Sassafras  acutilobum  Lesq.,  Cret.  Fl.,  1874,  p.  79,  pi.  14,  figs.  1,  2;  HoUick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12 
1893,  p.  236,  pi.  7,  fig.  1;  Bull.  Geo!.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13;  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  16, 
1897,  p.  132,  pi.  14,  fig.  13;  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896), 
p.  87,  pi.  25,  figs.  1-10:  pi.  26,  figs.  2-6;  Berry,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  81,  pi.  45, 
figs.  1,  2. 

Tliis  exceedingly  variable  species  is  well  represented  by  the  extreme  forms  here 
figured,  wliich,  however,  do  not  differ  from  each  other  any  more  than  do  those  fig- 
ured by  Lesquereux  (loc.  cit.)  and  are  not  nearly  so  diverse  as  those  depicted  by 
Newberrj^  from  the  Cretaceous  of  New  Jersey  (loc.  cit.). 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXX,  fig.  S.  Collected  by  David 
White.     Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXX,  fig.  9.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Sassa:fras  angustilobum  n.  sp. 

PL  XXIX,  figs.  1-3. 

Leaves  palmately  3-lobed,  entire,  more  or  less  decurrent  below;  lobes  blunt  pointed,  narrow,  linear  wedge- 
shaped  or  slightly  inflated  about  the  middle;  lateral  primaries  divergent,  normally  symmetrically  supra- 
basilar,  but  occasionally  with  one  lower  than  its  opposite. 

These  leaves,  except  for  their  blunt  lobes,  might  readily  be  taken  for  small 
specimens  of  the  narrow  forms  of  Sassafras  cretacewn  Newb.,"  or  S.  acutiloium 
Lesq.''  They  are  also  suggestive  of  certain  species  of  Sterculia,  especially  S.  Krejcii 
Vel.,'=  and  S.  aperta  Lesq.,'*  although  in  both  of  these  species  the  lateral  primaries  are 
apparently  strictly  basilar. 

Locality:  Gslj  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  Wliite.  Speci- 
mens in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Sassafras  ceetaceum  Newberry? 

PI.  XXX,  fig.  10. 

Sassafras  cretaceum  Newb.,  Annals  New  York  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  9,  1868,  p.  14;  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey, 
vol.  35  (Later  Ext.  Fl.  N.  Am.),  1898,  p.  98,  pi.  6,  figs.  l-A;  pi.  7,  figs.  1-3;  pi.  8,  figs.  1,  2. 

This  imperfect  specimen  apparently  represents  a  lower  part  of  some  one  of  the 
broader  leaf  forms  described  and  figured  by  Newberry  under  the  above  name,  but 
any  attempt  to  identify  it  with  any  particular  form  is  ineffectual  on  account  of  its 
fragmentary  condition. 

Locality:  Nashaquitsa,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

a  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol  Survey,  vol.  35  (Later  Ext.  Fl.  N.  Am.),  1898,  pi.  7,  fig.  1. 

!>Cret.  and  Tert.  FL,  1883,  pi.  5,  fig.  1. 

cFl.  Bohm.  Kreidetorm.,  pt.  2,  1883,  p.  22  (47),  pi.  5  (13),  fig.  1. 

liCret.  and  Tert.  Fl.,  1883,  p.  82,  pi.  10,  figs.  2,  3. 


78    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Sassafras  hastatum  Newberry? 

PI.  XXrS,  fig.  4;  PI.  XXX,  fig.  12. 

Sassafras  hastatum  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  88,  pi.  27,  figs. 
4-6;  pi.  28,  figs.  1,  2;  pi.  40,  fig.  4;  Hollick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  414,  pi.  79,  fig.  4. 

The  resemblance  of  these  specimens  to  this  species  is  indicated  rather  than 
expressed,  and  tlie  absence  of  the  bases  in  addition  to  the  imperfect  condition  of  the 
lobes  makes  positive  identification  impossible.  The  divergent  character  of  the  lobes 
is  what  has  seemed  to  indicate  identity  with  Jiastatum  rather  than  with  any  other 
species  of  Sassafras,  but  it  is  quite  possible  that  these  specimens  may  belong  with 
some  species  of  Aralia,  such  as  A.  gr-onl'andica  Heer,°  wliich  is  not  uncommon  in  tliis 
region. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXIX,  fig.  4.  Collected  by 
Arthur  Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXX,  fig.  12.  Collected  by  Arthur  HolUck. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Sassafras  progenitor  Newberry. 

PI.  XXX,  fig.  11. 

Sassafras  progenitor  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  88,  pi.  27,  figs. 
1-3;  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  53,  pi.  174,  fig.  1;  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895., 
p.  13;  Berry,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  31,  1904,  p.  78,  pi.  1,  fig.  3. 

This  specimen,  wliich  is  the  only  one  in  our  collection,  maj''  appear  to  be  some- 
what too  fragmentary  for  positive  identification,  but  the  bulging  margins  of  the 
lobes  indicate  relationship  with  this  species  rather  than  with  any  other.  It  is  a 
common  species  in  the  Amboj^  clays  and  somewhat  doubtful  specimens  have  been 
found  in  the  clay  marl  at  Clifl'wood,  N.  J. 

Locality:  Oak  Neck,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen  in 
Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Malapoenna  sp. 
PI.  XXXI,  fig.  4. 

This  specimen,  obviously  too  fragmentary  for  satisfactory  specific  identification 
or  comparison,  may  belong  with  either  Litsea  falcifolia  Lesq. ''  or  with  L.  cretacea 
Lesq.,*^  although  it  appears  to  be  too  large  for  the  former  and  too  delicate  for  the 
latter,  according  to  the  only  two  published  figures  of  these  species.  A  perfect 
specimen  of  ours  would  apparently  represent  a  form  intermediate  in  appearance 
between  these  two. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  Wliite.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

o  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1880,  p.  84,  pi.  38,  flg.  3;  pi.  39,  flg.  1;  pi.  46,  flgs.  16, 17. 
iiMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  97,  pi.  11,  fig.  S. 
clbid.,  p.  96,  pi.  15,  flg.  2. 


DESCEIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  79 

Laurus  nebeascensis  (Lesquereux)  Lesquereux. 
PI.  XXVIII,  figs.  3-8. 

Laurus  Nebrascensis  (Lesq.)  Lesq.,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  46,  1868,  p.  98;  Cret.  Fl.,  1874,  p.  74,  pi.  10,  fig.  1; 

pi.  28,  fig.  14. 
Persea  Nebrasce7ids  Lesq.,  Trans.  Am.  Pliilos.  Soc,  vol.  13,  1869,  p.  431,  pi.  23,  figs.  9,  10. 
Laurus  primigenia  Ung.?    Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  33,  pi.  2,  fig.  20;  pi.  3,  fig.  3. 
Magnolia  altemans  Heer,  Hollick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  2,  1902,  p.  405,  pi.  41,  figs.  4,  5. 

Whatever  may  be  thought  of  the  fragmentary  specimens  represented  by  figs.  5-S, 
there  can  be  but  Httle  doubt  that  figs.  3,  4  are  referable  to  a  form  of  this  species, 
intermediate  between  the  broad  one  shown  in  Lesquereux's  fig.  1,  pi.  10,  and  the 
narrow  one  depicted  in  fig.  14,  pi.  2<S  (loc.  cit.). 

The  fragmentary  specimens  were  the  first  ones  found  bj''  me,  and  they  were 
somewhat  doubtfullj-  referred  at  that  time  in  part  to  Laurus  and  in  part  to  Mag- 
nolia (loc.  cit.).  The  more  perfect  specimens  subsequenth'  brought  to  light,  how- 
ever, have  afforded  opportunitj"  for  more  satisfactory  comparison  and  identification, 
showing  the  characteristic  thick  midrib  and  obtuse  apex  of  this  species. 

It  is  of  mterest  to  note  that  Lesquereux,  in  liis  discussion  (loc.  cit.)  also  refers  to 
the  resemblance  between  his  specimens  and  certain  species  of  Magnolia,  particu- 
larly to  M.  speciosa  Heer." 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXVIII,  figs.  3,  4.     (Fig.  3  e 
lected  by  Arthur  Hollick,  specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. ;  fig.  4  collected  by 
David  White,  specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.) 

Chappaquiddick,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXVIII,  figs.  5,  6.  Collected  by 
Ai-thur  Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Ki-eischerville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  XXVIII,  fig.  7.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hol- 
lick.    Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  XXVIII,  fig.  8.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Laueus  Newbeeeyana  Hollick. 
PI.  XXXI,  fig.  2. 
Laurus  Newherryana  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  52,  pl.  179,  fig.  5. 

This  species  belongs  in  the  same  group  with  L.  teliformis  Lesq.,^  and  L.  Knowl- 
toniana  Lesq.,'^  but  it  is  much  larger  than  the  former  and  much  less  robust  than  the 
latter.     The  type  specimen  only  is  known,  the  figure  of  which  is  here  reproduced. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Ai-thur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

oNeue  Denkschr.  Schw.  Gesellsch.  Natui'wissenscli.,  vol.  23  (Fl.  Moletein),  1869,  pl.  10,  flg.  2. 
6  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  94,  pi.  50,  fig.  9. 
clbid.,  flg.  4. 


80    FLOE  A  OF  SOUTHEEX  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Latjrus  Hollae  Heer?. 

PI.  XXVIII,  fig.  11. 

Laurus  Hollae  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1S82,  p.  76,  pi.  33,  fig.  13;  pi.  44,  fig.  5b;  pi.  45,  fig.  3; 
HoUick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  34,  pi.  2,  fig.  17;  Berry,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard., 
vol.  3,  1903,  p.  78,  pi.  50,  figs.  7,  8;  pi.  52,  figs.  7,  8. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  all  of  the  specimens  referable  to  this  species  which  have 
thus  far  been  found  in  tliis  region  are  mere  fragments,  too  imperfect  for  more  than 
provisional  identification. 

Locality:  Ivi-eischerville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Holliok.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Laukus  antecedens  Lesquereux. 

PI,  XXVIII,  figs.  9,  10. 

Laurus  antecedens  Lesq.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  92,  pi.  11,  fig.  3. 

Although  our  specimens  are  more  rigid  than  the  one  figured  by  Lesquereux 
(loc.  cit.),  the  resemblance  between  them  is  too  marked  to  be  disregarded,  and  it  is 
evident,  from  the  distorted  condition  of  the  margin,  that  Lesquereux's  specimen 
does  not  represent  the  normal  characters  of  the  species. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  David  White.  Specimens 
in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Laurus  teliformis  Lesquereux. 

PI.  XXXI,  fig.  3. 
Laurus  ielifor-mis  Lesq.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  94,  pi.  50,  fig.  9. 

Our  specimen  is  apparently  identical  with  this  species  and  differs  fi'om  Les- 
quereux's figure  (loc.  cit.)  merely  in  its  wedge-shaped  instead  of  acuminate  apex.  It 
is  also  strikingly  like  the  leaf  referred  by  Lesquereux  to  Cinnamomum  Scheuchzeri 
Heer, "  except  that  m  ours  the  midrib  is  more  delicate. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  bj-  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Laurus  plutonia  Heer. 

PI.  XXVII,  figs.  9,  10;  PI.  XXVIII,  figs.  1,  2. 

Laurus  plutonia  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  75,  pl.  19,  figs.  Id,  2-4;  pi.  20,  figs.  3a,  4-6; 
pi.  24,  fig.  6b;  pl.  28,  figs.  10,  11;  pl.  42,  fig.  4b;  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy 
Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  85,  pl.  16,  figs.  10,  11:  HoUiek,  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13;  Trans. 
New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  16,  1897,  p.  132,  pi.  13,  figs.  5,  6;  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1'898, 
p.  60,  pl.  4,  figs.  6,  7;  Berry,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  79,  pi.  50,  figs.  9-11;  BuU.  Torrey 
Bot.  Club,  vol.  31,  1904,  p.  77,  pl.  3,  fig.  1. 

This  species  has  been  made  to  include  so  many  difl^erent  forms  that  the  reference 
to  it  of  these  specimens  requires  but  brief  comment.     Heer's  figures  alone  (loc.  cit.) 

oCret.  Fl.,  1874,  pl.  30,  fig.  2. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  81 

embrace  a  wide  diversity  of  leaf  forms  and  these  could  be  still  further  amplified  by 
reference  to  numerous  other  authorities.  As  thus  recognized  the  species  has  a  wide 
geographical  distribution,  which  includes  Europe,  Greenland,  and  the  eastern  and 
western  United  States. 

Locality:  Black  Rock  Point,  Block  Island,  PI.  XXVII,  figs.  9,  10.  Collected 
by  Arthur  Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PL  XXVIII,  fig.  1.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Sea  Cliff,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXVIII,  fig.  2.  Collected  by  Gilbert  Van  Ingen. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Laurus  angusta  Heer. 

PI.  XXVII,  figs.  11,  12. 

Laurus  angusta  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (^bth.  2),  1882,  p.  76,  pi.  20,  figs,  lb,  7:  pi.  43,  fig.  Ic:  Ries,  Sch. 
Mines  Quart.,  vol.  15,  1894,  p.  354;  HoUick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  408,  pi.  70,  figs. 
10,  11. 

Some  of  the  forms  of  this  species  are  hardly  to  be  distinguished  from  the  narrow 
forms  of  L.  plutonia;  but  if  the  species  is  to  be  recognized  there  is  no  doubt  that 
our  specimens  may  be  so  referred. . 

Locality:  Little  Neck  (Northport  Harbor) ,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Heinrich 
Ries.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Laurophyllum  elegaxs  n.  sp. 

PI.  XXVII,  figs.  1-5. 

Laurus  plutonia  Heer.    Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1892,  p.  99,  pi.  3,  figs.  3,  4;  ibid.,  vol.  12, 

lS93,p.  236,  pi.  6,  fig.  1. 
Proteoides  daphnogenoides  Heer.     Hollick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  420,  pi.  36,  fig.  2. 

Leaves  linear-elliptical  in  outline,  flexuous,  1.3  decimeters  long  by  2-2.4  centimeters  wide  at  about  the 
middle,  entire,  terminating  above  in  a  curved,  attenuated,  pointed  apex  and  below  in  a  long,  narrow,  pointed 
base;  secondary  nerves  fine  and  numerous,  the  lower  ones  forming  acute  angles  with  the  midrib,  becoming 
more  divergent  above,  curving  and  anastomosing  near  the  margin;  tertiary  nervation  mostly  at  right  angles 
to  the  secondary  nerves  throughout. 

The  first  of  these  leaves  that  were  found  were  thought  to  be  forms  of  Laurus 
plutonia  Heer,  but  subsequent  discoveries  indicated  beyond  a  doubt  that  they 
represented  a  distinct  and  well-defined  species,  closely  similar  to  Laurofhyllum 
angustifolium  Newb.,"  and  differing  but  little,  except  in  size,  from  Laurus  angusta 
Heer. '' 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  XXVII,  figs.  1,  3-5.  Collected  by 
Arthur  Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXVII,  fig.  2.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

oMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  86,  pi.  17,  flgs.  10, 11.      . 
!>  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  76,  pi.  20,  flgs.  lb,  7;  pi.  43,  flg.  Ic. 

MON   L— 06 fi 


82    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  XEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

LAUEOPHTLLtJM    NERVILLOSUM    n.  Sp. 

PI.  XXVII,  figs.  6,  7. 

Proteoides  dapTaiogenoides  Heer,  HoUick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  189S,  p.  420,  pi.  36,  figs.  1,  3. 
Leaves  linear-elliptical  in  outline,  about  1.5  decimeters  long  by  2.6  centimeters  maximum  width,  entire, 
narrowed  to  a  long  wedge-shaped  base;  secondary  nervation  close,  fine,  uniformly  divergent  from  the  midrib 
throughout,  flexuous,  ultimately  thinning  out  and  merging  into  the  tertiarj-  nervation  near  the  margin. 

These  specimens  were  formerly  regarded  by  me  as  probably  belonging  to  Pro- 
teoides daphnogenoides  Heer,  largelj'  by  reason  of  their  similarity  to  a  specimen  from 
the  Cretaceous  of  New  Jersej^,  so  identified  by  Newberry;"  but  I  am  now  satisfied 
that  this  reference  was  erroneous  and  that  they  represent  a  lauraceous  species,  not 
imlike  LaurophxjUum  lanceolatum  Newb.,**  but  possessing  a  remarkably  well-deiined 
though  delicate  system  of  nervation  which  is  absent,  or  perhaps  was  not  present,  in 
the  specimens  upon  which  tlie  latter  species  was  based.  It  is  evident  that  the 
distinction  between  this  and  the  three  species  last  described  is  more  easily  indicated 
in  the  figures  than  expressed  in  words. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  HoUick.  Specimens 
in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci.  # 

Order  ROSALES. 

Family  PLATANACE^. 

Plataistus  aqxjehongensis  Hollick. 

PI.  XXXI,  fig.  6. 

PlaMnus  Aquehongensis  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  32,  pi.  4. 

This  species  was  based  upon  a  single  specimen,  the  original  figure  of  which  is 
here  reproduced.  It  is  well  defined  and  is  totally  unlike  anj^  other  from  this  region. 
The  reference  to  the  genus  Platanus  was  questioned  by  Dr.  Lester  F.  Ward,''  who, 
however,  recognized  its  validity  as  a  new  species,  possibly  belonging  to  Vitis  or 
Gremopsis. 

Locality:  Richmond  A'"alley,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Mr.  Mesner.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Platantjs?  Newberryaka  Heer. 

Platanus?  Xewherryana  Heer,  Nouv.  Mem.  Soc.  Helv.  Sci.  Nat.,  vol.  22,  No.  1  (Phyll.  Cr^t.  Nebr.),  1867, 
p.  16,  pi.  1,  fig.  4;  Pollard,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  13.  1894,  p.  181. 

This  species  is  listed  by  Pollard  (loc.  cit.)  as  occurring  at  Elm  Point,  Great 
Neck,  Long  Island,  but  the  specimen  was  not  seen  by  me. 

a  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Ft.  Amboy  Clays),  1.S95  (1896),  pi.  S'i,  flg.  14. 

l>  T\nd.,  p.  87,  pi.  17,  flgs.  1,  12. 

c  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  45, 1893,  p.  437. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  83 

Platanus  sp. 
PI.  XXXI,  fig.  5. 
Plaianus  Newherryana  Heer,  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1892,  p.  103,  pi.  4,  fig.  9. 

The  original  unquestioned  reference  of  this  specimen  by  me  to  P.  Newherryana 
Heer  was  manifestly  not  warranted  by  its  fragmentary  character,  although  there 
can  be  but  little  doubt  that  it  represents  a  portion  of  a  Platanus  leaf. 

Locality:  Princess  Bay,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten^Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Family  ROSACE.^;. 

Amelanciiier  Whitei  n.  sp. 

PI.  XXXII,  fig.  1. 

Leaf  6  centimeters  long  by  2.5  centimeters  wide  in  the  middle,  eUiptical-lanceoIate  in  outline,  tapering 
above,  rounded  to  the  base,  short  petioled,  finely  and  uniformlj'-  serrate-dentate  almost  to  the  base;  secondary 
nerves  curving  upward  from  the  midrib  at  acute  angles;  tertiary  nervation  fine,  subparallel,  almost  horizontal 
or  slightly  curved  downward. 

This  leaf  apparently  belongs  to  AmelancMer  or  some  closely  allied  genus,  and 
the  indications  are  that  it  had  a  somewhat  abruptly  attenuated  or  tapering  apex. 
There  does  not  seem  to  be  any  described  Cretaceous  species  with  which  it  may  be 
identified,  but  it  is  closely  similar  to  A.  typica  Lesq.,  from  the  Tertiary  of  Floris- 
sant, Colo."     Named  for  ]\Ir.  David  "VNTaite,  the  collector. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  "White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Family  LEGUMINOS^. 

Sulofamlly    CJESv^^LPINIA-CEJE. 

Htmen^a  dakotana  Lesquereux. 

PI.  XXXII,  figs.  5-7. 

Hymeniea  dakotana  Lesq.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surve}',  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  145,  pi.  55,  figs.  2,  3; 

pi.  56,  figs.  1,  2;  pi.  62,  fig.  2;  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  56,  pi.  176,  fig.  4. 
Ddlbergia  Binkiana  Heer,  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1893,  p.  236,  pi.  6,  fig.  5. 

The  distinction  between  this  species  and  Dalhergia  Rinkiana  Heer''  is  hardly 
discernible,  but  Lesquereux's  figures  are  much  better  defined,  and  comparison 
with  these  is  therefore  more  satisfactory.  Our  fig.  5  is  practically  identical  with 
Lesquereux's  fig.  2,  pi.  56,  and  our  fig.  6  may  be  compared  with  his  fig.  3,  pi.  55. 

Locality:  Sea  Cliil,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXXII,  fig.  5.  Collected  by  Gilbert 
Van  Ingen.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Lloyd  Neck,  Long  Island,,  PL  XXXII,  fig.  6.  Collected  by  Arthur  Holhck. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXXII,  fig.  7.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

a  Cret.  and  Tert.  FI.,  1883,  p.  198,  pi.  40,  fig.  11. 

6  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  102,  pi.  26,  figs.  1-3. 


84    FLOEA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YOEK  AND  NEAY  ENGLAND. 

Htmen^a  PBDViiGENiA  Saporta. 
PI.  XXXII,  figs.  8,  9. 

Hi/memea  primigenia  Sap.,  Monde  des  Plantes,  1879,  p.  199,  fig.  2;  Velenovsky,  Fl.  Bohm.  Kreideform.,  pt.  3, 
1884,  p.  9  (56),  pi.  5  (20),  fig.  4;  pi.  6  (21),  figs.  1-4. 

These  specimens  are  apparently  narrow  forms  of  the  leaves  which  Velenovskj 
refers  to  this  species.  Saporta's  original  figure  (loc.  cit.)  shows  leaves  with  entire 
margins,  but  in  many  of  those  figured  by  Velenovsky  (loc.  cit.)  the  margins  are 
crenate  dentate,  as  in  ours.  In  fact,  he  makes  this  one  of  the  characters  of  the 
species  and  says,  "seldom  entire  margined." 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
mens in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Cassia  sp. 

PI.  XXXII,  fig.  13. 

This  specimen  may  possibly  be  the  base  of  a  leaf  of  Cassia  angusta  Heer," 
which  is  considered  by  him  to  be  identical  with  Palxocassia  angustifoJia  Etts.,* 
a  name  not  admissible  by  reason  of  the  previously  published  Cassia  angustifoJia 
Vahl,  a  living  species. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  Devid  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Subfamily    P^5i.F'ILIONA.CEi.3E. 

COLUTEA    PEIMOEDIALIS    Hccr. 

PI.  XXXII,  figs.  14,  15. 

Colutea  primordidis  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abtli.  2),  1882,  p.  99,  pi.  27,  figs.  7-11;  pi.  43,  figs.  7,  8; 
HoUick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  5G,  pi.  174,  fig.  2. 

A  great  variety  of  forms  is  included  in  tliis  species  by  Heer,  and  their  close 
similarity  to  some  of  the  varieties  of  Liriodendropsis "  will  doubtless  be  noted,  but 
as  a  whole  their  obovate  or  elliptical  shape  serves  to  distinguish  them.  Newberry 
refers  two  specimens  from  the  Cretaceous  of  New  Jersey  to  the  same  species,"^  but 
the  reference  hardl^^  appears  to  be  warranted  by  the  figures. 

The  leaf  described  and  figured  by  Lesquereux  under  the  name  LiriopJiyllum 
ohcordatum  '^  may  perhaps  be  a  form  of  this  species  and  would  probably  be  so  con- 
sidered in  any  critical  revision  of  the  leaves  with  obcordate  or  obovate-emarginate 
outlines. 

Locality:  Eatons  Neck,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXXII,  fig.  14.  Collected  byAi'thur 
Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXXII,  fig.  15.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 


"Fl.  Foss.  .-Vrct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  101,  pi.  27,  fig.  6. 

i>Sitzb.  Wien-Akad.  Wissensch.,  Math.-Naturw.  CI.,  vol.  55  (abth.  1),  (Kreidefl.  Niederschona),  1S67,  p.  261,  pi.  3,  figs. 
6,7. 

cSee  this  monograph,  Pis.  XXIV,  XXV,  XXVI. 

iMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1S9S  (1896),  p.  97,  pi.  19,  figs.  4,  5. 

£Mon.  U.  8.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Or.),  1892,  p.  210,  pi.  28,  fig.  7. 


DESCEIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  85 

Dalbekgia  htperboeea  Heer.  ? 

PI.  XXXII,  fig.  10. 

Dalbergia  hyperborea  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  102,  pi.  26,  fig.  4a;  Hollick,  Trans.  New 
York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1892,  p.  103,  pi.  4,  fig.  7. 

The  identity  of  this  specimen  is  probably  with  either  D.  hyperiorea  Heer  (loc. 
cit.)  or  D.  Rinkiana  Heer,"  the  close  resemblance  between  which  was  recognized  by 
Heer.  He  emphasizes,  however,  the  rounded  cordate  base  of  the  former  as  a  distin- 
guishing feature,  and  this  is  quite  well  defined  in  our  specimen. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Dalbergia  minor  n.  sp. 

PI.  XXXII,  fig.  12. 

Leaf  small,  entire,  about  1.3  centimeters  long,  slightly  inequilateral  and  curved,  about  6  millimeters  wide 
at  the  abruptly  rounded  base,  tapering  to  the- apex;  nervation  obscure. 

This  is  not  a  very  satisfactory  specimen  upon  which  to  base  a  description  of  a 
new  species,  but  I  have  been  unable  to  identify  it  with  any  heretofore  recognized 
Cretaceous  form.     In  general  appearance  it  is  suggestive  of  the  genus  Dalbergia. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Dalbergia  irregularis  n.  sp. 
PI.  XXXII,  fig.  11. 

Leaf  about  3.8  centimeters  long  by  1.8  centimeters  wide  in  the  middle,  entire,  inequilateral,  curved,  taper- 
ing to  an  acute  apex,  rounded  at  the  base  on  the  narrower  side,  cuneate  on  the  broader  side;  nervation  reticu- 
late, leaving  the  convex  side  of  the  midrib  at  acute  angles  and  the  concave  side  at  right  angles. 

The  fossil  species  which  most  nearly  resembles  our  specimen  is  Leguminosites 
dalbergioides  Etts.,*  from  the  Tertiary  of  Europe. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Phaseolites  elegans  n.  sp. 
PI.  XXXII,  fig.  4. 

Dalbergia  RinTciana  Heer.     Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1893,  p.  236,  pi.  6,  fig.  4. 

Leaf  inequilateral,  entire,  ovate-falcate  in  outline,  tapering  to  a  curved  apex,  narrowed  to  an  acute  wedge- 
shaped  base,  short  petioled;  secondary  nerves  few  or  obscure,  those  on  the  broader  side  forming  angles  with 
the  midrib  more  acute  than  those  on  the  narrower  side,  all  curving  upward. 

This  leaf  has  some  of  the  characteristics  of  Dalbergia  RinkiaTM  Heer*^  and  cer- 
tain of  .the  forms  figured  under  Phaseolites  formus  Lesq."^  It  also  bears  a  more  or 
less  close  resemblance  to  our  fig.  5,  pi.  XXXII,  which  I  have  referred  to  Hymeniea 
dakotana  Lesq.  Its  almost  perfect  ovate-falcate  outline,  however,  serves  to  dis- 
tinguish it  from  any  of  the  published  figures  of  these  species. 

Locality:  Brooklyn,  Long  Island.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

oFl.iFoss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  102,  pi.  26,  figs.  1-3. 

i  Abh.  K.-K.  Geol.  Reichsanst.,  vol.  2  (abth.  3,  No.  2,  Tert.  Fl.  Haring),  1855,  p.  91,  pi.  30,  figs.  18-20. 

cFl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  102,  pi.  26,  figs.  1-3. 

dMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  147,  pi.  55,  figs.  5,  6,  12. 


86    FLORA  OF  SOUTHEEN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Phaseolites  manhassettensis  Hollick. 

PI.  XXXII,  figs.  2,  3. 
Phaseolites  Manliassettensis  Hollick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  414,  pi.  78,  figs.  1,  2. 

The  distinction  between  this  species  and  the  one  last  described  consists  mainly 
in  the  more  acute  angle  of  divergence  between  the  secondaries  and  the  midrib  in  the 
species  now  under  consideration,  although  it  may  be  seen  that  there  are  also  slight 
differences  in  outline. 

Locality:  Manhassett  Neck,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  A.  E.  Anderson.  Speci- 
mens in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

,  LEGUMINOS^e   OF'   UNCERTA-IN    RELA.TION. 

j^  Leguminosites  coronilloides  Heer. 

PI.  XXXII,  figs.  16,  17. 

Leguminosites  coronilloides  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  1874,  p.  119,  pi.  34,  fig.  14;  Newberry, 

Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  97,  pi.  42,  fig.  48. 
Leguminosites  frigidus  Heer.     Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  34,  pi.  2,  fig.  11. 

There  is  but  little  choice  between  the  above  species  as  figured  by  Heer,  especially 
between  his  figure  of  L.  coronilloides  (loc.  cit.),and  the  specimen  of  L.  frigidus  rep- 
resented by  his  fig.  22,  pi.  55." 

Locality:  Ki-eischerville,  Staten  Island,  PL  XXXII,  fig.  16.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXXII,  fig.  17.  Collected  by  David  T\Tiite. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Legximinosites  consteictus  Lesquereux? 

•Pl.  XXXII,  fig.  20. 

Leguminosites  constrictus  Lesq.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  151,  pi.  44,  fig.  3;  Hol- 
lick, Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  56,  pl.  177,  fig.  13. 

The  identification  of  this  specimen  must  be  regarded  as  purely  tentative  on 
account  of  the  missing  upper  portion. 

Lopality:  Oak  Neck,  Long  Island.  Collected  hy  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen  in 
Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Leguminosites  convolutus  Lesquereux? 

Pl.  XXXII,  figs.  18,  19. 

Leguminosites  convolutus  Lesq.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  151,  pl.  44,  fig.  4;  Hol- 
lick, Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  56,  pl.  177,  fig.  14,  Fifty-fifth  Ann.  Kept.  New  York  State 
Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  r50. 

The  identification  of  these  specimens  is  questioned,  for  the  reason  that  neither 
one  is  complete,  although  each  one  shows  certain  characters  which  appear  to  be 
similar  to  those  of  the  species.  As  in  the  case  of  the  species  last  described,  however, 
better  material  is  required  for  satisfactorj^  identification. 

oPl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  7. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  87 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXXII,  fig.  18.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Card. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PL  XXXII,  fig.  19.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Order  SAPINDALES.  - 

Family  ANACARDIACE^. 
Rhus  ceetacea  Heer? 
PI.  XXXIII,  fig.  2. 
Rhus  creiacea  Hqer,  Kreide-Fl.  Quedlinburg,  1872,  p.  14,  pi.  3,  fig.  11. 

This  specimen,  although  more  robust,  is  so  closely  similar  to  this  species  that  at 
least  a  provisional  reference  seems  warranted.  In  general  appearance  it  is  perhaps 
more  like  the  Tertiary  species  Rhus  Pyrrhse  Ung.,"  especially  as  depicted  by  Heer.'' 
It  also  has  some  resemblance  to  the  imperfect  leaf  described  and  figured  by  Lesque- 
reux  imder  the  name  Ficus?  undulata.'^ 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  David  White.  Specimen  in 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

PiSTACIA    AQUEHONGENSIS    Hollick. 
PI.  XXXIII,  fig.  3. 
Pistacia  Aquehmgensis  Hollick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  \'ol.  11,  1898,  p.  421,  pi.  36,  fig.  5. 

The  type  specimen,  the  figure  of  which  is  here  reproduced,  is  all  that  we  have  to 
represent  the  species,  and  it  is  the  only  representative  of  the  genus  thus  far  found  in 
our  region.  It  is  closely  similar  to  P.  aguensis  Sap.,**  which,  however,  is  a  European 
Tertiary  species.  If  the  generic  reference  is  correct,  as  it  appears  to  be,  the  speci- 
men is  of  considerable  interest,  as  the  only  other  supposed  North  American  fossil 
representatives  of  the  genus  are  th&  specimens  described  by  Lesquereux  under  the 
name  Ficus  oblanceolata,  from  the  Laranfie  group, "^  which  Knowlton  subsequently 
relegated  to  Pistacia/ 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Family  ILICACE^. 

Ilex  papillosa  Lesquereux. 

PI.  XXXIII,  fig.  4. 

Eex  papiUosa  Lesq.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (FI.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  177,  pi.  29,  figs.  9,  10;  pi.  58,  fig.  3. 

This  is  one  of  the  few  specimens  contained  in  a  small  lot  described  in  a  memo- 
randum by  Dr.  Lester  F.  Ward,  as  follows :  "  562.  Clays,  buff  and  more  or  less  carbo- 
naceous, from  south  shore  of  Gay  Head.     They  came  from  the  steep  strata  in  the 

o  Chi.  Protog.,  1843,  p.  84,  pi.  22,  fig.  1. 

b  Fl.  Tert.  Helvet.,  1859,  vol.  3,  pi.  126,  figs.  20-28. 

cMon.  XJ.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  84,  pi.  12,  fig.  5. 

<2.\nnals  sci.  nat.,  4th  series,  Bot.,  vol.  18,  1873,  p.  105,  pi.  15,  figs.  1-24. 

e  Tert.  Fl.,  1878,  p.  194,  pi.  28,  figs.  9-12. 

/Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey  No.  152  (Cat.  Cret.  and  Tert.  Plants  N.  Am.),  1898,  p.  167. 


88    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

buttress  a  little  to  the  east  of  the  flow  and  plunge  structure  (Weyquosque),  and  are 
regarded  as  post-Tertiary  by  Professor  Shaler." 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Family  CELASTRACE^. 

Celastrus  arctica  Heer. 
PI.  xxxni,  figs.  9-11. 

Cdastrus  arctica  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  7,  18S3,  p.  40,  pi.  61,  figs.  5d,  5e ;  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey, 
vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  189.5  (1896),  p.  98,  pi.  13,  figs.  8-18;  Hollick,  Annals  Neve  York  Acad.  Sei.,  vol. 
11,  1898,  p.  60,  pi.  4,  fig.  8;  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  408,  pi.  70,  figs.  12,  13. 

These  specimens,  although  fragmentary,  show  the  characteristic  shape  and  ner- 
vation of  the  species  quite  satisfactorily.  It  is  one  of  the  most  abundant  spepies  in 
the  Amboy  clays,  and  some  of  the  numerous  diverse  forms  depicted  by  Newberry 
(loc.  cit.)  are  exactly  like  ours,  all  of  which  are  considerably  larger  than  the  single 
specimen  figured  by  Heer  from  the  Patoot  beds  of  Greenland  (loc.  cit.). 

Locality:  Little  Neck  (Northport  Harbor),  Long  Island,  PI.  XXXIII,  figs.  9, 
10,     Collected  bj^  Arthur  Hollick.     Specimers  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Black  Rock  Point,  Block  Island,  PI.  XXXIII,  fig.  11.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Celastrophyllum  grandifolitjm  Newberry? 

PI.  XXXIII,  fig.  8. 

Celastrophyllum  grandifoUum  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  104, 
pi.  19,  fig.  8;  pi.  21,  figs.  1-4. 

This  specimen  appears  to  be  the  lower  part  of  a  very  large  leaf  of  this  species, 
or  possibly  of  Celastrophyllum  ensifolium  (Lesq.) , "  but  its  imperfect  condition  renders 
satisfactory  comparison  impossible.  Newberry  also  refers  to  this  species  and  calls 
attention  to  the  resemblance  between  C.  grandifoUum  and  C.  lanceolatum.  Etts.,* 
and  says  (loc.  cit.):  "With  more  material  we  may  find  that  the  species  should  be 
united." 

Locality:  Nashaquitsa,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Gtminda  primordialis,  n.  sp. 

PI.  XXXIII,  fig.  5. 

Leaf  linear-obovate-spatulate,  obscurely  crenate  above,  entire  below;  nervation  consisting  of  five  pairs  of 
opposite,  almost  straight  secondaries,  which  form  acute  angles  with  the  midrib  and  ultimately  coalesce  into  an 
irregular  submarginal  nerve. 

This  well-defined  leaf  is  clearly  different  from  any  species  hitherto  described.  Its 
affinities  are  apparently  with  the  Celastracese,  and  it  may  be  compared  with  many 

_     aCret.  Fl.,  1874,  p.  108,  pi.  21,  figs.  2,  3  ("Magnolia  msifolia  Lesq.,  U.  S.  Geol.  and  Geog.  Survey  Terr.,  1871  (1872), 
p.  302.) 

b  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wissonsch.  Wien,  Math.-Naturwiss.  CI.,  vol.  .5.5  (abth.  1),  (Kreidefl.  Nie^erschOna),  1867,  p.  260,  pi.  3,  fig.  9. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  89 

of  the  leaves  in  the  genera  Gyminda,  Pterocelastrus ,  and  Maytenus,  although  in  most 
of  these  the  secondary  nerves  are  only  occasionally  opposite. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
mens in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

El^odendron  strictum,  n.  sp. 

PI.  XXXIII,  fig.  6. 

Leaf  linear-ovate-lanceolate  in  outline,  crenate-dentate  above,  entire  below,  tapering  to  a  slightly  rounded 
wedge-shaped  base;  secondary  nerves  in  pairs,  almost  straight,  forming  acute  angles  with  the  midrib, extending 
upward  and  giving  off  nervilles  from  their  outer  sides  which  extend  to  the  marginal  dentitions. 

'  This  leaf  is  characterized  by  the  almost  straight  secondary  nerves,  arranged  in 
pairs,  thus  differing  from  any  other  described  species. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

ELiEODENDRON    sp. 

PI.  XXXIII,  fig.  7. 

OdaMrofhyTlum  Benedini  Sap.  et  Mar.,  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  58,  pi.  177,  fig.  4. 

This  specimen  probably  represents  a  new  species,  but  it  is  too  imperfect  to  serve 
as  a  basis  for  satisfactory  description.  It  is  somewhat  suggestive  of  Elseodendron 
speciosum  Lesq.,"  but  the  dentition  is  much  finer. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Family  ACERACE^. 

Acer  minutum  Hollick. 
PI.  XXXIII,  fig.  14. 
Acer  minutus  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  35,  pl.  3,  fig.  6. 

This  is  the  only  leaf  which  could  be  referred  to  a  maple  thus  far  found  in  the 
insular  flora,  and  the  figure  is  a  reproduction  of  the  figure  of  the  type  specimen. 
Winged  seeds  which  apparently  belong  to  the  genus  occur  at  Gay  Head  and  in  the 
Amboy  clays  of  New  Jersey,  however,  and  it  is  possible  that  these  may  have  come 
from  the  same  species  of  tree  as  the  leaf,  but  thus  far  we  have  not  found  them  asso- 
ciated together. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Holhck.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Fruit  of  Acer  sp. 

PI.  XXXIII,  figs.  12,  13. 

These  winged  seeds  are  very  much  like  those  which  Newberry  calls  Acer  amhoy- 
ense,^  from  the  Cretaceous  of  New  Jersey,  and  they  probably  belong  to  the  same 

nMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (FI.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  17.';,  pl.  36,  figs.  2,  3. 

6Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  .^mboy  Clays),  1875  (1896),  p.  106,  pl.  46,  flgs.  5-S. 


90    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

species,  but  no  leaves  of  the  genus  have  been  found  associated  with  them  either 
there  or  on  Marthas  Vineyard,  where  our  specimens  were  found. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
mens in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Family  SAPINDACE^. 
Sapindt^ts  imperfectus  Hollick. 
PI.  XXXIII,  fig.  1.5. 
Sapindxis  imperfectus  Hollick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  415,  pi.  78,  fig.  4. 

This  species  is  very  closely  allied  to  S.  morrisoni  Lesq.,''  and  may  perhaps  be 
regarded  merely  as  a  form  of  that  species. 

Locality:  Manhassett  Neck,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  A.  E.  Anderson.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Sapindus  moeeisoni  ijesquereux. 

PI.  XXXIII,  figs.  16-20. 

Sapindus  MorrisoniTuesq.,  Cret.  and  Tert.  Fl.,  1SS3,  p.  83,  pi.  16,  figs.  1,2;  White,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  39, 1890, 
p.  99,  pi.  2,  fig.  12 ;  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  1 1 ,  1S92,  p.  103,  pi.  3,  fig.  5;  ibid.,  vol.  I2',  1893* 
p.  235,  pi.  6,  fig.  3;  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21, 1894,  p.  57,  pi.  179,  fig.  8;  BuIl.Geol.  See.  Am.,  vol.  7 
1895,  p.  13;  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1S98,  p.  422,  pi.  36,  fig.  4;  Berry,  Bull.  New  York 
Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  83,  pi.  47,  figs.  2,  3;  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  31,  1904,  p.  78. 

The  great  variety  of  shape  and  size  in  this  species  is  well  represented  in  our 
specimens.  Figs.  IS  and  19  are  about  the  average  in  size  and  are  most  nearly  like 
Lesquereux's  type  figures  (loc.  cit.) ;  fig.  19  is  like  liis  specimens  subsequently  fig- 
ured;^ fig.  16  is  somewhat  broader  than  any  other  specimen  which  I  have  seen 
depicted,  but  it  hardly  differs  to  a  sufficient  extent  to  be  regarded  as  a  new  species, 
and  fig.  17  maj^  be  satisfactorily  compared  with  some  of  the  forms  figured  by  Heer 
from  tlie  Cretaceous  of  Greenland,'^  especially  with  his  fig.  8  (loc.  cit.),  in  which  the 
finer  nervation  is  suggestive  of  some  other  genus,  as  it  is  in  our  fig.  17.  In  fact,  if  it 
were  not  for  the  characteristic  imsymmetrical  base  in  our  specimen — rounded  on  one 
side  and  cuneate  on  the  other — I  should  probably  have  considered  it  under  some 
other  generic  name. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXXIII,  figs.  16-18.  Collected  by 
Arthur  Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Princess  Bay,  Staten  Island,  PI.  XXXIII,  fig.  19.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hol- 
lick.    Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  XXXIII,  fig.  20.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

oCret.  and  Tert.  Fl.,  1883,  p.  83,  pi.  16,  flgs.  1,  2. 

iiMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  pi.  35,  flgs.  1,  2. 

cFl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  pi.  43,  flg.  la;  pi.  44,  fig.  8. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  91 

4 

•  Sapindus  apioulatus  Velenovsky. 
PI.  XXXIII,  fig.  21. 

Sapindus  apicidaius  Vel.,  Fl.  Bohm.  Kreideform.,  pt.  3,  1S84,  p.  6  (53),  pi.  7  (22),  figs.  1-8;  HoUick,  Trans. 
New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  16,  1897,  p.  133,  pi.  13,  figs.  1,  2. 
I  am  unable  to  recognize  any  valid  difference  between  this  species  and  Sapin- 
dus diversifolius  Lesq.,"  although  the  latter  author  regarded    them    as    distinct 
species,  but  "closely  allied"  (loc.  cit.  p.  159). 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  David  WhiLe.  Specimen  in 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Order    RHAMNALES. 

Family  RHAMNACE.a}.    - 

Paliurus  integrifolius  HoUick. 
PI.  XXXIV,  figs.  2-5. 

Paliurus  integrifolius  HoUick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  57,  pi.  177,  figs.  5,  8,  12;  Trans.  New 
York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  16,  1897,  p.  133,  pi.  14,  fig.  10;  Fifty-fifth  Ann.  Kept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901 
(1903),  p.  r50;  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  408,  pi.  70,  fig.  7;  Ries,  Sch.  Mines  Quart., 
vol.  15,  1894,  p.  353. 

Fragmentary  remains  of  these  leaves,  showing  considerable  diversity  in  size,  are 
relatively  abundant  in  the  insular  flora,  especially  on  Long  Island,  but  they  have 
not  been  satisfactorily  identified  elsewhere.  It  is,  unfortunate  that  in  no  instance 
has  a  perfect  specimen  been  found,  and  the  characters  of  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves 
are  not  kno^vn. 

Locality:  Oak  Neck,  Long  Island,  PL  XXXIV,  fig.  2.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Lloyd  Neck,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXXIV,  fig.  3.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXXIV,  fig.  4.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Little  Neck  (Northport  Harbor),  Long  Island,  PI.  XXXIV,  fig.  5.  Collected 
by  Heinrich  Ries..    Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Paliurus  ovalis  Dawson. 

PL  XXXIV,  fig.  14. 

Paliurus  ovalis  Dawson,  Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  Canada,  sec.  4  (Mesoz.  Fl.  Rocky  Mt.  Region),  1885,  p.  14,  pi.  4, 

figs.  4,  8;  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  107,  pi.  23, 

figs.  8,  9.  , 

This  specimen,  so  far  as  the  characters  of  the  nervation  are  concerned,  shows 

considerably  more  than  Dawson's  type  figures  (loc.  cit.),  or  than  can  be  seen  in 

Lesquereux's  figure  of  a  specimen  from  Kansas.^     The  shape  of  the  leaf,  however, 

"Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  158,  pi.  64,  flg.  18. 
ilbid.,  pi.  35,  flg.  7. 


92    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

is  identical  in  all,  and  our  specimen  appears  to  more  satisfactorily  represent  the 
species  than  do  the  two  specimens  from  the  Amboy  clays  (loc.  cit.)  so  referred  by 
Newberry,  the  identity  of  which  is  open  to  question. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

PALruRUS  AFFiNis  Heer.  ? 

PI.  XXXIV,  figs.  6,  7. 

Paliurus  qffinis  Heer,  FI.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  7,  1883,  p.  42,  pi.  62,  figs.  16-19;  HoUick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad. 
Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  3.5,  pi.  2,  figs.  12,  14,  18;  pi.  3,  fig.  7. 

It  is  quite  possible  that  these  specimens  may  belong  with  Paliurus  cretaceus 
Lesq.,''  which  is  so  closely  similar  in  appearance  to  P.  affinis  Heer,  as  to  be  hardly 
distinguishable  from  it,  but  the}^  are  too  fragmentary  for  satisfactory  comparison. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  XXXIV,  fig.  6.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Kreischerville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  XXXIV,  fig.  7.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hol- 
Hck.     Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

ZlZYPHUS    ELEGANS    HoUick. 

PI.  XXXIV,  fig.  8. 
Zizyphus  ehgans  HoUick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  58,  pi.  177,  fig.  9. 

This  beautiful  little  species  is  represented  in  our  collections  from  Glen  Cove  by 
a  number  of  fragments  as  well  as  by  the  perfect  type  specimen,  the  figure  of  which 
is  here  reproduced.  It  occurs  with  and  is  evidently  closely  related  to  the  species 
next  described. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Holhck.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

ZlZTPHUS    OBLONGUS  n.  sp. 
PI.  XXXIV,  figs.  9,  10. 

ZizypJius   elegans  Hollick   in  part.  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  58,  pl.  177,  fig.  10:  Bull.  New 

York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  41.5,  pl.  73,  fig.  4. 

Leaves  oblong,  entire,  3-nerved  from  the  base;  lateral  primaries  rather  sharply  curved  below,  soon  extend- 
ing upward  subparallel  with  the  midrib,  giving  off  branches  on  the  outside,  the  latter  forming  acute  angles 
with  the  lateral  primaries,  and  curving  upward  toward  the  margins;  midrib  and  lateral  primaries  connected 
by  an  irregularly  disposed  system  of  fine  cross  nervation. 

This  species  was  originally  included  by  me  in  Zizyphus  elegans  (loc.  cit.),  but 
this  was  due  to  the  imperfect  specimen,  the  illustration  of  which  is  reproduced  in 
fig.  9.  New  material  since  obtained  indicates  that  a  distinct  species  should  be 
recognized,  characterized  by  an  oblong  instead  of  ovate  form  of  leaf.  Thus  far  I 
have  not  succeeded  in  finding  any  specimen  which  shows  the  upper  part,  so  that  it 
is  impossible  to  determine  whether  the  oblong  character  of  the  lower  part  prevails 
throughout. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimens 
in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 


oMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  165,  pl.  35,  fig.  3. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  93 

ZizYPHT7S  GRONLANDicus  Heer. 
PI.  XXXIV,  figs.  11,  12. 
Zizyphus  groriUmdicus  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  7,  1883,  p.  42,  pi.  62,  fig.  20. 

In  spite  of  the  paucity  of  our  material  and  the  imperfect  condition  of  the  two 
specimens,  I  have  but  httle  hesitation  in  regarding  them  as  belonging  to  this  species. 

Locality:  Nashaquitsa,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXXIV,  fig.  11.  Collected  by 
David  White.     Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXXIV,  fig.  12.  Collected  by  David 
White.     Specimen  inU.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Zizyphus  Lewisiana  Hollick. 
PI.  XXXIV,  fig.  13. 
Zizyphus  Lewisiana  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  58,  pi.  180,  fig.  13. 

The  only  specimen  of  this  species  thus  far  known  is  the  type,  the  original  figure 
of  which  is  here  reproduced. 

Locality:  Oak  Neck,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen  in 
Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Card. 

Rhamnus  ( ? )  ACUTA  Heer. 

PI.  XXXIV,  fig.  1. 

Rhammis  (?)  acuta  Heer,  FI.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  98,  pi.  41,  fig.  6;  pi.  45,  fig.  13c:  Hollick, 
Bull,  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  58,  pi.  177,  fig.  6. 

This  specimen  is  apparently  referable  either  to  this  species  or  to  R.  tenax  Lesq.," 
and  in  placing  it  under  Heer's  name  I  should  be  considered  as  influenced  more  by 
considerations  of  priority  than  by  any  intention  to  indicate  that  the  two  species  are 
distinct. 

Locality:  Lloyd  Neck,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Card. 

Ceanothus  constrictus  n.  sp. 

PI.  XXXIV,  figs.  15-17. 

Leaves  obovate-spatulate  in  outline,  entire,  obscurely  2-Iobed  or  constricted  above,  \vith  a  retuse,  emar- 
ginate,  or  truncate  apex  and  a  wedge-shaped  base ;  secondary  nerves  irregularly  arranged,  the  lower  ones  leaving 
the  midrib  at  or  close  to  the  base,  extending  upward  subparallel  with  the  margins  and  finally  anastomosing  with 
the  upper  ones,  forming  a  series  of  marginal  loops. 

These  leaves  apparently  belong  in  the  Rhamnaceffi  and  are  not  unlike  those  of 
the  living  species  Ceanothus  cuneatus  Nutt.  They  do  not,  however,  appear  to  be 
strictty  3-nerved  from  the  base,  although  the  lower  secondaries  simulate  lateral 
primaries  very  closely.  The  only  fossil  leaf  which  appears  at  all  to  resemble  them  is 
Ceanothus  Mlinicus  \Jng.,^  a  European  Tertiary  species. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXXIV,  figs.  15,  16.  Collected 
by  David  Wliite.     Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXXIV,  fig.  17.  Cohected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

oMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  170,  pi.  38,  fig.  6. 
6  CM.  Prot.,  1847,  p.  14.5,  pi.  49,  fig.  9. 


94    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Family  VITACE.E. 

CissiTES  FORMOsys  Heer? 

PI.  XXXVII,  fig.  7. 

Cissitesformosus  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1S82_,  p.  85,  pi.  21,  figs.  5-8;  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot. 
Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  57,  pi.  174,  fig.  6;  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays), 
1895  (1896),  p.  107,  pi.  47,  figs.  1-8. 

This  very  unsatisfactory  specimen  is  referred  to  this  species  with  considerable 
hesitation  and  the  identification  must  be  regarded  as  merely  provisional. 

Locality:  Dosoris  Island,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Bailey  Willis.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Order  MALVALES. 

Family  STERCULIACE^. 

Sterculia  pre-labrusca  n.  sp. 

PI.  XXXIV,  figs.  21,  22. 

Sterculia  lahrusca  Ung.   Hollick,  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  p.  13. 

Leaf  narrowly  lobed,  entire;  lobes  more  or  less  flexuous  or  irregular  in  shape;  secondary  nervation  fine, 
often  branched,  irregularly  disposed,  leaving  the  primary  nerves  at  varying  angles  of  divergence  and  extending 
to  the  margins. 

The  decision  to  found  a  new  species  upon  these  fragmentary  remains  iw&j  be 
open  to  criticism,  but  I  can  not  avoid  the  conviction  that  thej-  should  be  so  regarded 
and  that  they  represent  a  species  allied  to  Sterculia  lahrusca  Ung.,"  from  the  Tertiary 
of  Europe.  Subsequent  figures  by  Ettmgshausen*  approach  ours  even  more  closel}^ 
in  general  appearance  and  indicate  a  close  relationship. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Stercxilia   Snowii  Lesquereux? 
PI.  xxxrv,  fig.  20. 

Sterculia  Snowii  Lesq.,Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  183,  pi.  30,  fig.  5;  pi.  31,  figs.  2, 3; 
pi.  32;  pi.  33,  figs.  1-4. 

I  have  referred  this  fragment  to  the  above  species  provisionalh',  although  it  is 
possible  that  even  the  generic  reference  may  be  erroneous.  It  is  evidently  a  portion 
of  a  lobcd  leaf  which  might  perhaps  belong  to  either  a  Sterculia,  an  Aralia,  or  a 
Sassafras. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  Wliite.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

"Foss.  Fl.  Sotzka,  ISSO,  p.  45  [175],  pi.  28  [49],  figs.  1-11. 
i  F0S8.  Fl.  Bilin,  1869,  pi.  43,  figs.  4,  5. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  95 

Sterculia  sp. 

■    PI.  XXXIV,  figs.  18,  19. 
Sterculia  sp.?  Hollick;  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  422,  pi.  37,  fig.  5. 

These  fragments  apparently  represent  lobes  of  some  narrow-leaved  Sterculia, 
similar  to  S.  luguhris  Lesq. "  , 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXXIV,  fig.  18.  Collected  by 
David  White.     Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  XXXIV,  fig.  19.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Pterospermites  modestus  Lesquereux. 
PI.  XXXVIII,  fig.  8. 

Pterospermites  modestus  Lesq.,'  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surrey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  186,  pi.  58,  fig.  5; 
HoUick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  422,  pi.  37,  fig.  6. 

There  can  hardly  be  any  question  that  our  specimen  is  identical  with  tliis  species 
as  described  and  figured  by  Lesquereux  fi'om  the  Dakota  group,  but  it  may  also  be 
compared  with  Apeiiopsis  thomseniana  Heer**  from  the  lower  Atane  beds  of  Green- 
land, and  the  question  whether  or  not  these  two  species  should  be  regarded  as  dis- 
tinct is  largely  one  of  personal  choice. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Order  MYRTALES. 
Famity  MYRTACE^. 

Eucalyptus?  nervosa  Newberry. 

PI.  VIII,  fig.  6b;  PI.  XXXV,  fig.  16. 

Eucalyptus?  nervosa  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey-,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895(1896),  p.  112,  pi.  32, 
figs.  3-5,  8;  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  56,  pi,  174,  fig.  10. 

These  fragments  are  manifestly  not  satisfactory  subjects  for  identification,  but 
they  represent  portions  of  linear  leaves  apparently  identical  with  Newberry's  species, 
as  may  be  seen  by  comparison  with  his  figures  (loc.  cit.). 

Locality:  Black  Rock  Point,  Block  Island,  PI.  VIII,  fig.  6b.  Collected  by 
Arthur  Holhck. 

Sea  Clifl[,  Long  Island,  PL  XXXV,  fig.  16.  Collected  by  Gilbert  Van  Ingen. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Eucalyptus?  angustifolla  Newberry. 

PI.  XXXV,  figs.  9,  14,  15. 

Eucalypfus?  angustifolia'!<iewh.,Mon.V.  S.Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895(1896), p.  HI,  pi.  32, 

figs.  1,  6,  7;  Hollick,  BuD.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  408,  pi.  70,  figs.  8,  9. 
Eucalyptus  Geinitzi  Heer  [«].     Berry,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  87,  pi.  53,  fig.  3. 

In  grouping  these  figures  of  apparently  widely  different  forms  under  the  one 
specific  name  I  have  followed  Newberry  in  his  treatment  of  the  species  (loc.  cit.). 

nCret.  and  Tert.  Fl.,  1883,  p.  81,  pi.  6,  Cgs.  1-3. 

!>  n.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  0,  (abtli.  2),  1SS2,  p.  95,  pi-  ^6,  fig.  .5. 


96    FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Our  fig.  9,  for  example,  is  almost  certainly  identical  with  Ms  fig.  1,  wliile  our  figs. 
14,  15  may  be  equally  well  compared  with  his  figs.  6,  7,  although  there  seems  to  be 
but  little  doubt  that  two  different  species  are  represented. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXXV,  fig.  9.  Collected  by  David 
White.     Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Little  Neck  (Northport  Harbor),  Long  Island,  PI.  XXXV,  figs.  14,  15.  Col- 
lected by  Arthur  Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Eucalyptus  Geinitzi  (Heer)  Heer. 
PI.  XXXV,  figs.  1-8,  10-12. 

Eucalyptus  Geinitzi  (Heer),  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  193,  pi.  19,  fig.  Ic;  pi.  46,  figs.  12c,  13; 
White,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol  39,  1890,  p.  98,  pi.  2,  fig.  8;  Uhler,  Trans.  Maryland  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  1,  1892 
(1901),  p.  207;  HoUick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1892,  p.  99,  pi.  2,  fig.  1;  ibid.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p. 
34,  pi  2,  fig.  5;  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  55,  pi.  177,  fig.  11;  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.7, 
1895,  p.  13;  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11, 1898,  p.  60,  pi.  4,  figs.  1-3;  Newberry, 'Mon.  U.  S.  Geol. 
Sur^'ey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  110,  pi.  32,  figs.  2,  12,  15  (16?). 

MijrtophyUum  (Eucalyptus?)  Geinitgi  Heer,  Neue  Denkschr.  Schw.  Gesellsch.  Naturwissensch.,  vol.  23  (Fl. 
Moletein),  1869,  p.  22,  pi.  11,  figs.  3,  4. 

The  varietj'  of  forms  wliich  Heer  and  subsequent  authorities  have  referred  to 
this  species  is  probably  as  great  as  is  to  be  found  in  bjyj  other  fossil  leaf  species.  The 
tj^pe  figures  from  Moletein  (loc.  cit.)  are  unquestionably  identical  with  our  fig.  10, 
while  between  these  and  the  larger,  broader  forms  figured  by  Velenovsky"  there  is 
every  jjossible  gradation  in  size  and  shape,  and  it  is  impossible  to  resist  the  conviction 
that  several  distinct  species  should  be  recognized  among  them.  Ours  are  fairly 
uniform,  however,  and  present  but  minor  differences  between  themselves,  so  that  I 
have  but  little  hesitation  in  regarding  them  as  all  belonging  to  one  species. 

Locality:  Black  Rock  Point,  Block  Island,  PI.  XXXV,  figs.  1,  2.  Collected  by 
Arthur  Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Southeast  Point,  Block  Island,  PI.  XXXV,  fig.  11.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hol- 
lick.    Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXXV,  figs.  3,  5-S.  Collected  by  David 
White.     Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PL  XXXV,  fig.  4.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  XXXV,  fig.  10.  Collected  by  Ai-thur  HoUick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Ai-ts  and  Sci. 

Eucalyptus  Schubleei  (Heer)  ?  n.  comb. 

Pi.  XXXVI,  fig.  6. 

MyrtophyUum  {Euccdyptux)  SchuUeri  Heer,  Neue  Denkschr.  Schw.  Gesellsch.  Naturwissensch.,  vol.  23  (Fl. 
Moletein),  1869,  p.  23,  jJl.  11,  fig.  2. 

It  is  unfortimate  that  in  both  our  specimens  and  Heer's  only  a  portion  of  each 
leaf  is  preserved,  so  that  the  identification  can  be  regarded  as  only  provisional.  In 
GUI'S  the  indicated  shape  of  the  leaf  is  somewhat  more  linear  than  in  Heer's,  but  the 
reticulated  network  of  secondary  and  tertiary  nerves,  wliich  ultimately  join  and  form 
the  marginal  nerve,  is  identical  in  both. 

a  Fl.  Uiilim.  Kreldotonn.,  pt.  1,  l.ss.'i,  pi.  2  (2.j),  liRS.  1-5. 


DESCEIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  97 

It  is  probable  that  the  fragmentaiy  leaf  remains  from  the  clay  marl  of  Cliff- 
wood,  N.  J.,  wliich  Berry  refers  to  Ficus  reticulata  (Lesq.)  KJaowlton, "  belong  with 
our  species  and  not  with  that  to  wliich  they  are  referred. 

Locality:  Nashaquitsa,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Eucalyptus  latifolia  n.  sp. 
PI.  xo;vi,  figs.  1-5. 

Leaves  large,  about  1.5  decimeters  long  by  5.3  centimeters  maximum  width,  entire,  broadest  about  the 
middle,  tapering  rather  abruptly  to  an  attemiated,  curved  or  flexuous,  pointed  apex  and  narrowed  to  the  base- 
secondarj'  nervation  fine,  numerous,  leaving  the  midrib  at  angles  of  about  45°,  irregularly  disposed,  flex- 
uous, terminating  in  a  marginal  nerve. 

This  is  apparently  a  large  species  of  Eucalyptus,  although  in  many  respects  it  is 
suggestive  of  certain  species  of  Ficus,  as,  for  example,  F.  protogsea  Heer,^  in  wMch, 
however,  the  characters  of  the  apex  are  not  described  or  figured.  The  leaves  from 
our  region  wliich  I  regard  as  belonging  to  the  latter  species  are  depicted  on  PI.  X, 
figs.  4-6,  of  this  monograph  under  F.  atavina  Heer. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXXVI,  fig.  1.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXXVI,  figs.  2-.5.  Collected  by  David  Wliite. 
Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Mtrtophyllum  Waederi  Lesquereux. 

PI.  XXXV,  fig.  13. 

MyriophyUum,  Warden  Lesq.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1S92,  p.  136,  pi.  53,  fig.  10. 
MyrtophyUum  {Eucalyptus  1)  Geinitzi  Heer,  HolKck,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1893,  p.  236,  pi.  6, 
fig.  2. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  both  our  figure  and  that  of  the  type  (loc.  cit.)  show  only 
the  lower  parts  of  the  leaves,  but  as  far  as  these  can  be  compared  they  are  so  closely 
ahke  that  they  might  almost  be  taken  for  counterparts  of  the  same  specimen,  and 
their  specific  identity  is  beyond  question. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen  in 
Mus.  New  York.  Bot.  Gard. 

Order  UMBELLALES. 

Family  ARALIACE^. 

Hedera  simplex  n.  sp. 

PI.  XXXVII,  fig.  9. 

Leaf  palmately  3-lobed;  lateral  lobes  broad,  divergent,  rounded  below  to  a  cordate  base ;  secondary  nerves 
rather  remote  from  each  other,  diverging  from  the  primaries  at  varying  angles,  ultimately  bending  sharply, 
joining,  and  forming  a  coarse  network  of  subrectangular  and  polygonal  areolie. 

This  fragmentary  specimen  apparently  indicates  a  leaf  closely  resembling  our 
living  ivy  {Hedera  helix  L.) . 

Locality:  Nashaquitsa,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

a  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  73,  pi.  62,  flg.  5;  pi.  53,  figs.  1,  4. 

b  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  1874,  p.  108,  pi.  29,  fig.  2b;  pi.  30,  figs.  1,  2a,  3,  3b,  4a,  8. 

MON   L — 06 7 


98    FLOEA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YOEK  AND. NEW  ENGLAND. 

Aealia  patens  Newberry? 

PI.  XXXVIII,  fig.  3. 

Ardiafatem  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Ainboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  117,  pi.  28,  fig.  3. 
HoUick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  54,  pi.  174,  fig.  4. 

In  the  Flora  of  the  Amboy  Clays  (loc.  cit.)  Newberry  describes  and  figiires  a 
broadly  divergent  type  of  Aralia  under  this  name,  with  which  our  fragment  may  be 
provisionally  identified. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Holhck.  Specimen  in 
Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Aralia  palmata  Newberry. 

PI.  XXXVIII,  fig.  4. 

Aralia  palmata  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  117,  pi.  39,  figs. 

6,  7;  pi.  40,  fig.  3;  Berry,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  93,  pi.  44;  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club, 

vol.  31, 1904,  p.  79,  pi.  4,  fig.  12. 
Aralia  rotundiloha  Newb.?,  Hollick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  '421,  pi.  38,  fig.  2. 
Aralia  sp.  Hollick,  Fifty-fifth  Ann.  Kept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  roO. 

This  specimen  was  originally  referred  by  me  provisionally  to  Aralia  rotundiloha 
Newb.  (loc.  cit.),  but  I  am  now  convinced  that  it  belongs  to  A.  fahnata  Newb.,  and 
that  it  is  identical  with  liis  fig.  3,  pi.  40  (loc.  cit.),  which  represents  a  specimen  from 
the  Amboy  clays  of  New  Jersey.  Specimens  apparently  referable  to  the  species 
have  also  been  found  in  the  claj'  marls  at  Chffwood,  N.  J. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Holhck.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Aralia  gronlandica  Heer. 

PI.  XXXVII,  figs.  3-6. 

Aralia  gronlandica  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  84, pi.  38,  fig.  3;  pi.  39,fig.l ;  pi.  46,  figs.  16, 17; 
Hollick,  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13:  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy 
Clays),  1395  (1896),  p.  116,  pi.  28,  fig.  4;  Berry,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3, 1903,  p.  94,  pi.  45,  fig.  4. 

The  specimens  represented  by  our  figs.  4,  5  are  apparently  small  3-lobed  forms 
of  the  species,  which  is  the  prevailing  form  in  this  region,  agreeing  with  those  figured 
by  Newberry  and  Berry  from  the  Cretaceous  of  New  Jersey  (loc.  cit.).  Fig.  6  is 
probabty  a  portion  of  a  lateral  lobe  with  a  small  sublobe  such  as  frequently  occurs  in 
the  leaves  of  this  species,  especially  in  those  so  referred  bj^  Lesquereux  from  the 
Dakota  group."  In  many  respects  our  fig.  5  bears  a  striking  resemblance  to  Sterculia 
Krejcii  Vel.*  and  to  S.  aperta  Lesq.*^,  except  that  in  the  latter  species  the  lobes  are 
more  divergent.  The  great  difference  in  size  between  our  figs.  4  and  5  might  seem  to 
preclude  the  probability  of  their  specific  identity,  but  tliis  feature  seems  to  obtain  in 
other  species  from  the  region,  notably  in  the  case  of  Aralia  polymorpJia  Newb.,''  and 

"Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  131,  pi.  54,  figs.  1-3. 

6F1.  Bohm  Kreidetorm.,  pt.  2,  ISS?,  p.  22  (47),  pi.  5  (13),  fig.  1. 

cCret.  and  Tert.  Fl.,  1S83,  p.  S2,  pi.  10,  figs.  2,  3. 

dilon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  .\mboy  Clays),  1895  (1S90),  pi.  39,  figs.  1-5. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  99 

largely  for  that  reason  I  have  concluded  to  regard  these  two  specimens  as  forms  of 
one  species. 

Locality:  Nashaquitsa,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PL  XXXVII,  figs.  3,  6.  Collected 
by  David  White.     Specimen  in  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXXVII,  figs.  4,  5.  Collected  by  David 
White.     Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Aralia  Ravniana  Heer. 

PI.  XXXVII,  figs.  1, 2. 

Aralia  Ramiiana  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  84,  pi.  38,  figs.  1,2;  Berry,  BuD.  New  York 

Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  92,  pi.  46,  fig.  7;  pi.  53,  fig.  2;  pi.  57,  fig.  1[?]. 
Stercidia  Snowii  Lesq.  ?  Hollick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  422,  pi.  37,  fig.  4. 

These  are  not  very  satisfactory  specimens  upon  which  to  base  definite  con- 
clusions, but  they  agree  fairly  well  with  this  species  and  with  similar  fragmentary 
remains  so  referred  by  Berry  from  the  clay  marls  of  Cliffwood,  N.  J.  (loc.  cit.). 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXXVII,  fig.  1.  Collected  by 
David  White.     Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  XXXVII,  fig.  2.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hol- 
lick.    Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Aralia  nassauensis  Hollick. 

PI.  XXXVIII,  figs.  1,2. 
Aralia  Nassauensis  HoUick,  BuU.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  55,  pi.  174,  figs.  3,  7. 

This  species,  of  which  the  type  specimens  are  here  figured,  appears  to  be  related 
to  A.  WeUingtoniana  Lesq.,"  but  is  much  broader. 

Locality:  Brooklyn,  Long  Island;  fig.  1  collected  by  W.  Miles;  fig.  2  collected 
by  J.  C.  Brevoort.     Specimens  in  Mus.  Long  Island  Hist.  Soc. 

Aralia  coeiacea  Velenovsky. 

PL  XXXVIII,  figs.  5,  6. 

Aralia  coriacea  Vel.,  Fl.  Bohm.  Kreideform.,  pt.  3,  1884,  p.  11  (58),  pi.  1  (16),  figs.  1-9;  pi.  2  (17),  fig.  2;  Hol- 
,  lick,  BuD.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13;  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard., vol.  3, 1904,  p.  415,  pi.  73,  fig.  3. 

/  This  species  appears  to  be  quite  well  defined  in  our  specimens,  and  fig.  5  resem- 
bles so  closely  the  shorter  forms  depicted  by  Velenovsky  (loc.  cit.)  that  there  seems 
to  be  every  reason  for  regarding  them  as  identical.  Several  other  specimens,  more 
fragmentary  however  than  those  figured,  are  included  in  the  collections  from  Gay 
Head  and  Glen  Cove,  so  that  it  may  be  regarded  as  a  not  uncommon  element  of  our 
insular  flora  in  those  localities. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXXVIII,  fig.  5.  Collected  by 
Arthur  Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vmeyard,  PI.  XXXVIII,  fig.  6.  Collected  by  David 
White.     Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

oMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  131,  pi.  21,  fig.  1;  pi.  22,  figs.  2,  3;  Newberry,  Men.  U.  S.  Geol. 
Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  pi.  26,  flg.  1. 


100      FLORA  OF  SOUTHEEX  NEW  YORK  AND  NEAV  ENGLAND. 

Panax  cretacea  Heer. 

PI.  XXXVIII,  fig.  7. 
Panax  cretacea  Heer,  FI.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-FL),  1874,  p.  114,  pi.  32,  figo.  9,  9b,  9c,  9d,  10. 

Tliis  little  fruit  has  every  appearance  of  identity  with  Heer's  species  and  it  is 
interesting  to  find  it  associated  both  in  Greenland  and  in  our  region  with  leaves  of 
a.raliaceous  plants. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Chondrophyllum  ORBicuLATUM  Heer. 

PI.  XXXVII,  fig.  8a. 

ClondrophyUum  orbimlaiumS.eev,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.)  1874,  p.  115, pi.  31,  fig.  3c:  pi.  32, fig. 
13;  HoUick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci,,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  35,  pi.  2,  fig.  2b. 

Although  the  finer  nervation  is  not  preserved  in  our  specimen  the  coarser  nerva- 
tion and  the  mdicated  form  of  the  leaf  are  apparently  identical  with  Heer's  species. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Series  II.     GAMOPETAL^E. 
Order  ERICALES. 
Family  ERICACEAE. 

E^ALMiA  Brittoniana  Hollick. 
PL  XXXIX,  figs.  8, 9. 
Kdmia  Brittoniana  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  34,  pi.  2,  figs.  7,  8. 

The  type  specimens  of  this  species,  here  figured,  do  not  show  any  indications  cf 
secondary  nervation,  otherwise  they  might  be  compared  \vith  C'elastropJiyllum  cre- 
taceum  Lesq.''  from  the  Dakota  group,  and  no  others  have  yet  been  found.  The 
absence  of  secondarj^  nervation,  indicating  a  leaf  of  thick,  coriaceous  texture  was 
what  largely  influenced  me  in  referrmg  the  leaves  to  the  genus  Ealmia. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
mens in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Andromeda  latifolia  Newberry. 

Pi.  xxxrx,  fig.  1. 

Andromeda  latifolia  Newb.,  Men.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  iVmboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  120,  pi.  33, 
figs.  6-10;  pi.  34,  figs.  6-11;  pi.  36,  fig.  10;  Hollick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,vol.  3,  1904,  p.  416,  pi. 
79,  fig.  3.' 
Among  the  numerous  figures  of  this  species  given  by  Newberry  (loc.  cit.)  the 

one  which  appears  to  denote  unquestionable  identity  with  our  specimen  is  fig.  8,  pi. 

oMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  173,  pi.  38,  figs.  12-U. 


DESCEIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  101 

33.  It  evidently  possessed  considerable  diversity  of  form  and  in  some  instances 
these  can  hardly  be  distinguished  from  certain  forms  of  A.  Parlatorii  Heer,  next 
described. 

Locality:  Oak  Neck,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Andromeda  Parlatorii  Heer. 

PI.  XXXIX,  figs.  2-.5. 

Andromeda  Parlatorii  Heer,  Nouv.  Mem.  Soc.  Helvet.  Sci.  Nat.,  vol.  22,  no.  1  (Phyl.  Cret.  Nebr.),  1867,  p.  18, 
pi.  1,  fig.  5;  White,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  39,  1890,  p.  97,  pi.  2,  fig.  4;  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey^ 
vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  120,  pi.  31,  figs.  1-7;  pi.  33,  figs.  1,  2,  4,  5;  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey 
Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  54,  pi.  175,  fig.  2;  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13;  Annals  New  York 
Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  420,  pi.  37,  fig.  7;  Berry,  BuU.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  97,  pi. 
50,  figs.  1-4;  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  31,  1904,  p.  79,  pi.  1,  figs.  1,  2. 

This  species  has  been  made  to  include  so  many  diverse  forms  that  there  does 
not  seem  to  be  any  excuse  or  explanation  necessarj''  for  regarding  the  specimens 
here  figured  as  all  belonging  to  it.  The  leaves  depicted  by  Heer,"^  from  Greenland 
are  smaller  than  the  majority  of  those  from  the  Amboy  clays  of  New  Jersey  (loc. 
cit.)  and  those  from  the  Dakota  group  of  the  West,  ^  with  which  latter  our  fig.  2 
may  be  compared,  while  our  other  figures  are  almost  exactly  duplicated  by  certain 
of  the  sjnaller  forms  from  Greenland  and  New  Jersey. 

Locality:  Nashaquitsa,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PL  XXXIX,  fig.  2.  Collected  by 
David  White.     Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XXXIX,  fig.  3.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PL  XXXIX,  fig.  4.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PL  XXXIX,  fig.  5.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Andromeda  flexuosa  Newberry. 

PI.  XXXIX,  fig.  6. 

Andromeda  flexuosa  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  121,  pi.  34, 
figs.  1-5;  Hollick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  416,  pi.  79,  fig.  2. 

The  distinction  between  this  species  and  certain  forms  of  the  one  last  described 
is  often  rather  difficult  to  determine,  but  there  seems  to  be  no  doubt  that  the  speci- 
men here  figured  is  referable  to  A.  flexuosa  as  differentiated  by  Newberry. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen  in 
Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

oFl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.) ,  1874,  pi.  32,  figs.  1,  2;  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1880,  pi.  21,  figs,  lb,  11;  pi.  42,  flg.  4c. 
6 Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  pi.  19,  flg  1;  pi.  52,  flg.  6. 


102   FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Andromeda  tenuinervis  Lesquereux. 
PI.  xxxrs,  fig.  7. 

Andromeda  tenuinervis  Lesq.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  116,  pi.  38,  fig.  7. 
Bhamnus  Pfaffiana  Heer,  HoUick,  Trans.  Xew  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1892,  p.  103,  pi.  4,  fig.  2. 

The  original  determination  of  this  specimen  by  me  as  Bhamnus  Pfaffiana  Heer 
was  imdoubtedly  erroneous,  and  there  can  be  but  httle  doubt  that  its  present 
reference  is  correct,  and  unquestionably  the  leaf  is  more  like  Andromeda  than 
are  many  to  which  that  generic  name  has  been  applied. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  HolHck.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Order  PRIMULALES. 

Family  ilYKSINACEiE. 

Mtrsine  elongata  Newberry. 

PI.  VIII,  fig.  lb;  Pi.  XXXIX,  figs.  13,  14. 

Myrsine  elongata  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Oays),  1895  (1896),  p.  122,  pi.  22, 
figs.  1-3;  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Qub,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  54,  pi.  177,  fig.  2;  Annals  New  York  Acad. 
Sci.,  vol.  11,  189^,  p.  420,  pi.  38,  figs.  3,  4b. 

The  specimen  represented  by  our  fig.  13  has  a  more  elongated  base  than  any 
of  Newberry's  figures,  thus  giving  to  the  leaf  a  spatulate  shape,  but  a  very  slight 
modification  of  the  outline  would  be  sufficient  to  make  it  conform  to  the  general 
type,  and  I  have  but  little  hesitation  in  includmg  it  under  this  species. 

Locality:  Arrochar,  Staten  Island,  PI.  VIII,  fig.  lb;  PI.  XXXIX,  fig.  14. 
Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.     Specimens  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Lloyd  Neck,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXXIX,  fig.  13.  Collected  by  Arthiu-  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Myrsine  borealis  Heer. 
PI.  XXXIX,  figs.  10,  11. 

Myrsine   borealis  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  1874,  p.  113,  pi.  32,  fig.  23;  White,  Am.  Jour. 

Sci.,  vol.  39,  1890,  p.  98,  pi.  2,  fig.  5;  Hollick,  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13;  Newberry,  Mon. 

U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  122,  pi.  24,  figs.  4-6  [?]. 
Diospyros  rotundifolia  Lesq.,  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  53,  pi.  179,  fig.  2. 

I  consider  it  very  doubtful  if  the  leaves  from  the  Cretaceous  of  New  Jersey, 
referred  by  Newberry  to  this  species  (loc.  cit.),  should  be  so  regarded,  but  there 
seems  to  be  no  room  for  doubt  in  regard  to  our  specimens. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vmeyard,  PI.  XXXIX,  fig.  10.  Collected  by 
David  White.     Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XXXIX,  fig.  11.  Collected  by  Ai-thur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 


DESCEIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  103 

Mtrsinites?  Gaudini  Lesquereux. 
PI.  xxxrx,  fig.  12. 

Myrsinites?  Gaudini  Lesq.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  115,  pi.  52,  fig.  4. 
Bhamnus  Rossmassleri  Ung.,  HoUick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad  Sei.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  35,  pi.  3,  fig.5. 

The  original  identification  of  this  specimen  as  Rhamnus  Rossmassleri  Ung.,  a 
Tertiary  species,  was  undoubtedly  erroneous,  and  it  is  certaui  that  it  is  identical 
generically  with  leaves  which  have  been  referred  to  Myrsine  or  Myrsinites  and 
apparently  to  this  species. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Order  EBENALES. 

Family  EBENACE^. 

DiosPYROS  PRiM^VA  Heer. 

Pi.  XL,  figs.  2,  11. 

Diospyros  primseva  Heer,  Nouv.  Mem.  Soc.  Helv.  Sci.  Nat.,  vol.  22,  no.  1  (Phyl.  Cr^t.  Nebr.),  1867,  p.  19, 
pi.  1,  figs.  6,  7;  PoUard,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  13,  1894,  p.  180;  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol. 
Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  124,  pi.  30,  figs.  1-5;  Berry,  BuU.  Torrey  Bot.  Club, 
vol.  32,  1905,  p.  46,  pi.  2,  fig.  2. 

A  considerable  number  of  diverse  forms  have  been  included  by  Heer  under 
this  species,  "^  in  addition  to  which  a  number  of  others  were  subsequently  referred 
to  the  species  by  Lesquereux''  and  Newberry  (loc.  cit.).  For  this  reason  I  have 
also  decided  to  include  the  doubtful  fragmentary  specimen  represented  by  our  fig.  1 1 . 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PL  XL,  fig.  2.  Collected  by  David 
White.     Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XL,  fig.  11.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
mens in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

DiosPYEOS  APicuLATA  LesquBTeux? 

PL  XL,  figs.  4-6. 

Diospyros  apicuUta  Lesq.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  110,  pi.  14,  fig.  3;  Hollick, 

Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13. 
BTiamnus  pfaffiana  Heer,  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1892,  pi.  4,  fig.  3. 

These  leaves  have  the  nervation  of  Diospyros  and  the  general  form  of  this  species, 
but  unfortunately,  in  each  specimen  the  characteristic  apex  is  lacking,  so  that  posi- 
tive identification  is  not  possible. 

Locality:  Princess  Bay,  Staten  Island,  PI.  XL,  fig.  4.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XL,  fig.  5.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XL,  fig.  6.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

uFl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  pi.  18,  flg.  11;  ibid.,  vol.  7,  pi.  61,  figs.  5a,  5b,  5o. 
bMon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  pi.  20,  figs.  1-3. 


104   FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

DiosPYROs  PROVECTA  Velenovskj. 

PI.  XL,  figs.  7-10. 

Diospyros  provecfa  Vel.,  Fl.  Bohm.  Kreideform.,  pt.  3,  18S4,  p.  2  (49),  pi.  8  (23),  figs.  1-5,  10. 
Bhamnus  Pfaffiana  Heer,  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1892,  p.  103,  pi.  4,  fig.  1. 
Diospyros  Steenstrupi  Heer,  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  34,  pi.  3,  fig.  8. 
Myrsine  elongata  Newb,  Hollick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  2,  1902,  p.  405,  pi.  41,  fig.  2. 

These  leaves,  which  all  show  the  characteristic  nervation  of  Diospyros,  are 
hardly  separable  from  some  which  maybe  fomid  included  under 2).  apiculatu  Lesq. 
in  this  monograph.  The  latter,  however,  are  generally  broader  and  with  the  sec- 
ondary nervation  diverging  at  a  somewhat  more  obtuse  angle.  The  Tertiary  species 
D.  iracJiysepala  A.  Br."  is  more  nearly  like  our  figures  than  is  either  of  the  others 
mentioned,  as  may  be  seen  by  a  comparison  with  the  figures  by  Heer,*  but  it  is  haz- 
ardous to  regard  this  species  as  having  such  a  great  vertical  range  as  identity  between 
them  would  imply. 

A  narrow  form  of  D.  primseva  Heer  "^  is  almost  certainly  identical  with  D.  pro- 
vectaYe\.,&s  here  recognized,  and  in  anj^  revision  of  the  genus  I  would  have  no  hesita- 
tion in  so  includmg  it. 

Locality:  Chappaquiddick,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XL,  fig.  7.  Collected  by 
Arthur  Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PL  XL,  figs.  8,  10.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimens  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XL,  fig.  9.  Collected  by  David  '\'\Tiite. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Diospyros  psetjdoanceps  Lesquereux. 

PI.  XL,  fig.  3. 

Diospyros  pseudoanceps  Lesq.,  Men.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  17  (Fl.  Dak.  Gr.),  1892,  p.  Ill,  pi.  22,  fig.  1. 
Diospyros  primseva  Heer,  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1893,  p.  236,  pi.  7,  fig.  5:  Fifty-fifth 
Ann.  Rept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  r51. 

There  seems  to  be  but  little  doubt  that  our  specimen  is  identical  with  this 
species,  according  to  the  single  figure  given  by  Lesquereux  (loc.  cit.),  but  it  must  be 
admitted  that  some  of  the  specific  distinctions  recognized  in  this  genvis  are  not 
altogether  satisfactory. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen  in 
Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Diospyros  prodromus  Hear?. 

PI.  XL,  fig.  12. 
Diospyros  prodromns  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  3  (Kreide-Fl.),  1874,  p.  113,  pl.  28,  fig.  6c;  pi.  32,  figs.  3-7. 

Heer's  figures  of  this  species  are  not  very  satisfactory,  but  his  fig.  3  agrees  essen- 
tially with  ours,  in  which  the  characteristic  horizontal  tertiary  nervation  of  the 
genus  is  discernible  to  a  limited  extent. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  David  White.  Specimen  in 
U.S.  Nat.  Mus. 


"Br.  and  Leonli.,  Jalirl).  Mineral..  ISli),  p.  170. 
i>Fl.  Tert.  Helvot.,  vol.  .'i.  185.1.  pl.  102.  fips.  1-H. 
cFl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  7,  1SS3,  pl.  01.  flg.  5c. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  105 

Order  GENTIANALES. 
Family  ASCLEPIADACE^. 

Periploca  cretacea,  n.  sp. 

PI.  XL,  fig.  16. 

Leaf  elliptical  to  slightly  obovate  in  outline,  1  decimeter  long  by  about  3  centimeters  maximum  width, 
entire,  tapering  to  an  acute  base  and  abruptly  narrowed  to  a  long  acute  apex ;  midrib  flexuous,  thick  at  the  base 
and  relatively  thin  above ;  secondary  nervation  fine,  close,  leaving  the  midrib  at  acute  angles  of  divergence  and 
connected  by  fine  reticulated  tertiary  cross  nervation. 

This  leaf  is  unique  in  our  collection  and  I  have  been  unable"  to  compare  it  with 
any  described  species  from  elsewhere,  although  it  is  suggestive  of  several  which  have 
been  included,  under  other  generic  names,  in  the  Asclepiadace^  and  ApocjmaceBe, 
from  the  Tertiary  of  Europe." 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  XJ.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Order  RUBIALES. 
Family  CAPRIFOLIACE^. 

Viburnum  Hollickii  Berry. 

PI.  XL,  fig.  17. 

Viburnum  HollicMi  Berry,  Am.  Nat.,  vol.  37,  1903,  p.  683,  figs.  5,  6,  p.  678. 

Gremiopsis  mbumifolia  Ward,  HoUick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  59,  pi.  174,  fig.  8. 

This  specimen  is  almost  certainly  a  small  form  of  this  species  and  not  a  Grew- 
iopsis,  as  originally  identified  by  me.  Its  similarity  to  Viburnumwus  noted  byme  (loc. 
cit.);  but  at  that  time  there  was  no  described  species  in  the  genus  with  which  it  could 
be  satisfactorily  compared,  and  I  did  not  think  it  advisable  to  base  the  description  of 
a  new  species  upon  such  a  fragmentary  specimen. 

Locality:  Lloyd  Neck,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specifnen 
in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Card. 

'  Viburnum  integrifglium  Newberry. 

PI.  XL,  fig.  1. 

Viburnum  integrifolium  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  125,  pl.  41, 
fig.  1;  Hollick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  54,  pl.  177,  fig.  7;  Fifty-fifth  Ann.  Rept.  New  York 
State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  rSl. 

I  am  of  the  opinion  that  Newberry's  reference  of  this  species  to  the  genus  Vibur- 
num weis  questionable,  but  there  is  no  doubt  that  our  specimen  is  identical  with  his  V. 
integrifolium  (loc.  cit.)  from  the  Cretaceous  of  New  Jersey,  and  I  have  retained  the 
name  in  full  in  order  to  avoid  any  possible  confusion  which  might  result  in  placing 
it  under  some  other  genus. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen  in 
Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

o- A'pocynophyllum  (sningense  Heer,  Pl.  Tert,  Helv.,  vol.  3, 1859,  p.  21,  pl.  104,  fig.  4;  Acerates  veterana  Heer,  ibid.,  p.  20, 
pl.  104,  fig.  5,  etc 


106       FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

DIGOTYLEDONOUS  LEAVES  OF  UNCERTAIN  RELATION. 

Dewalquea  gronlandica  Heer? 

PI.  VIII,  fig.  25. 

Dewalquea  gronlandica  Heer,  Fl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  87,  pi.  29,  figs,  IS,  19;  pi.  42,  figs.  5,  6; 
pi.  44,  "fig.  11 :  Newberry,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  189.5  (1896),  p.  129,  pi.  41, 
figs.  2,  3,  12;  HoUick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sei.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  423,  pi.  36,  fig.  7;  Berry,  Bull.  New 
YOTk  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1903,  p.  98,  pi.  57,  fig.  3. 

Whatever  may  be  thought  of  our  specimen  in  comparison  with  the  type  figures 
of  Heer  (loc.  cit.),  it  agrees  quite  well  with  his  subsequent  'figures,"  and  is  undoubt- 
edly identical  with  the  specimens  so  referred  by  Newberry  (loc.  cit.)  from  the  Creta- 
ceous of  New  Jersey. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Dewalquea  insignis  Hosius  and  von  der  Marck? 
.     ■  PI.  VIII,  fig.  24. 

Dewd^iea  insignis  Hos.  and  v.  d.  Marck,  Paleontog.,  vol.  26,  1880,  p.  172  (48),  pi.  32,  figs.  111-113;  pi.  33, 
fig.  109;  pi.  34,  fig.  110;  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  36,  pi.  1,  fig.  9. 

This  specimen  is  too  fragmentary  to  base  on  it  a  positive  determination,  but  it  is 
sufficiently  like  some  of  the  leaves  of  tliis  species  for  at  least  a  provisional  reference. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Premnophtllum  trigonum  Velenovsky. 

PI.  XL,  figs.  13,  14. 

Premnophyllum  trigonum  Vel.,  Fl.  Bohm.  Kreideform.,  pt.  3,  1884,  p.  4  (51),  pi.  3  (18),  fig.  2;  Hollick,  Bull. 
New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  416,  pi.  79,  fig.  1. 

It  is  exceedingly  doubtful  if  this  species,  as  indicated  in  the  generic  name, 
belqjigs  in  the  Verbenacefe,  and,  indeed,  Velenovsky  subsequently  renamed  it  Cis- 
so'phyUum  exulum,^  with  the  idea  that  it  was  more  likely  to  be  related  to  the  Vitacese. 
As  long  therefore  as  its  botanical  relationships  are  in  doubt  I  have  not  thought  it 
advisable  to  disturb  its  original  name. 

Locality:  Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  XL,  fig.  13.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick. 
Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  XL,  fig.  14.  Collected  by  David  Wliite. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Phyllites  PoiNSETTioiDES  Hollick. 
PI.  XXXIII,  fig.  1. 
Phyllites  poinsettioides  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  37,  pi.  1,  fig.  10. 

Only  the  type  specimen  of  this  species  is  known  to  me,  the  original  figure  of  which 
is  here  reproduced. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  b}"-  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

an.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  7,  1883,  pi.  62,  flgs.  5,  6. 

bAbh.  K.  Bohm.  Ocsollsch.  Wissonsch.,  vol.  S  (Kvot.  Cost.  Ccnomami),  1889,  p.  24,  pi.  6,  flgs.  -1,  5. 


DESCEIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  107 

FLOWERS,  FRUIT,  AND  ROOTLETS  OF  UNCERTAIN  RELATION. 

WiLLiAMSONiA  PEOBLEMATicA  (Newberry)  Ward. 

PI.  V,  figs.  27-32. 

WiUiamsonia  prollemaiica  (Newb.)  Ward,  Fifteenth  Ann.  Kept.  U.  S.  Geo).  Survey,  1893-94  (1895),  p.  382. 
Palseanthus  (Willmmsonia)  prohlematicus  Newb.  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895 
(1896),  p.  125,  pi.  25,  figs.  1-9;  HoUick,  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.',  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13. 

This  exceedingly  interesting  species  has  been  so  fiillj^  described  and  illustrated 
by  Newberry  (Iqc.  cit.)  that  any  extended  discussion  here  would  be  superfluous,  and 
a  careful  examination  of  our  specimens  has  resulted  in  adding  nothing  which  could 
serve  to  throw  any  further  light  upon  its  probable  botanical  relationships,  although 
certain  forms,  such  as  are  represented  by  our  figs.  27-.30,  seem  to  connect  it  more 
closely  than  was  at  first  suspected  with  WiUiamsonia  cretacea  Heer,°  which  he 
regarded  as  belonging  in  the  Balanophoracese.  The  genus,  however,  has  been  shifted 
and  referred  by  competent  authorities  to  so  many  different  orders  and  families  that 
I  have  thought  it  safer  to  regard  its  systematic  position  as  yet  unsettled. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
m.ens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

WiLLIAMSONIA    RiESII    Hollick. 

PI.  V,  figs.  25,  26. 
Wiaiamsonia  ?  Riesii  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  .37,  pi.  1,  figs.  2,  3. 

This  organism  was  originally  referred  to  the  genus  WiUiamsonia  with  some  hesi- 
tation on  account  of  the  fragmentary  character  of  the  remains,  and  it  may  be  seen 
to  be  strikingly  similar  in  its  general  adpearance  to  Lepacydotes  circularis  Em- 
mons,'' which  Ward  placed  under  "Plants  of  doubtful  affinity"  (loc.  cit.),  and 
which  Fontane  regarded  as  the  cone  of  a  Gyuinosperm.'^ 

Mr.  W.  A.  Seward,  in  a  discussion  of  our  specimen,  says  "  it  is  probably  a  true 
WiUiamsonia,"  and  places  it  under  " Bennetites  (WiUiamsonia)  Flores;"'^  but 
whether  it  should  be  regarded  as  generically  identical  with  W.  prohlematica  is  per- 
haps open  to  question. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
mens in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Strobilites  perplexus  n.  sp. 

PI.  II,  fig.  43. 

Organism  consisting  of  an  elongated,  ellipsoidal,  pitted  nucleus,  attached  to  a  relatively  thick  stem  or 
petiole  and  with  a  series  of  overlapping,  strap-shaped,  longitudinally  striated,  petaloid  appendages,  arranged 
like  a  fan  around  the  exterior. 

I  have  been  unable  to  find  a  description  or  figure  of  any  fossil  with  which  this 
specimen  may  be  satisfactorily  compared,  although  it  has  some  features  in  common 

oFl.  Foss.  Arct.,  vol.  6  (abth.  2),  1882,  p.  69,  pi.  12,  fig.  1;  pi.  13,  fig.  9. 

ft.Fide  Ward,  Twentieth  Ann.  Kept.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  pt.  2,  1898-99  (1900),  p.  311,  pi.  47,  flg.  4. 
c  Araucarites  caroHnensis  Font.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  6  (Older  Mesoz.  Fl.  Va.),  p.  119. 

d  Catalogue  of  tbe  Mesozoio  Plants  in  the  Department  of  Geology,  British  Museum,  etc.,  pt.  2,  Gymnospermae,  1895,  pp. 
155,  156. 


108   FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

yy ith  Antliolifhes  nymj^Jiseoides  tlos.,"  from  the  Cretaceous  of  Westphalia,  which  the 
author  subsequent!}^  renamed  Pistites  loriformis.'^ 

Our  specimen,  however,  was  apparently  a  cone  or  strobile,  similar  to  those  of 
Magnolia,  with  which  geniis  I  am  inclined  to  think  it  belongs.  ' 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  hj  David-  White.  Speci- 
men m  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Tricarpellites  striatus  Newberry. 
PL  VII,  fig.  1. 

TricarpeUiies  siriaiiis  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  132,  pi.  46, 
figs.  9-13. 

These  organisms  are  very  abundant  in  certain  layers  of  the  Amboy  clays,  but 
the  specimen  here  figured  is  the  only  one  thus  far  found  ■\\dtliin  the  insular  area. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Tricalycites  ma-tor  Hollick. 

PI.  y,  figs.  13-22. 

Tricalycites  major  Hollick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  416,  pi.  72,  figs.  3-7. 
"Pinus,  sp."    Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  31,  pi.  1,  fig.  19. 
"Winged  seed."     HoUick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  62,  pi.  180,  fig.  1. 

Tliis  species  was  originally  described  in  part  (loc.  cit.)  as  consisting  of  "Three 
entire,  oblong-spatulate  wings  or  appendages,  .  .  .  middle  one  usually  the 
largest."  With  the  material  now  in  our  possession,  however,  the  following  amended 
description  seems  to  be  advisable: 

Organism  consisting  of  two  (or,  possibly,  three)  entire,  longitudinally  striated,  oblong-spatulate  wings  or 
appendages,  2-4  centimeters  long  by  1-1.3  centimeters  wide,  attached  to  a  common  nucleus. 

The  indications  of  a  tripartite  arrangement  are  quite  vague,  even  in  our  figs. 
20,  21,  while  figs.  14-16,  if  they  were  the  only  specimens  knoAvn,  would  undoubtedly 
be  described  as  consisting  of  but  two  appendages  of  equal  size.  Figs.  13  and  22  are 
somewhat  doubtfully  included,  but  they  apparently  represent  detached  \\'irgs. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  V,  fig.  13.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hol- 
lick.    Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  V,  fig.  14.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Nashaquitsa,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  V,  figs.  15,  17.  Collected  bj-  David  Wliite. 
Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glen  Cove,  Long  Island,  PI.  V,  figs.  16,  18-22.  Collected  by  Arthur  HoUick. 
Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

a  Palaoontogr.,  vol.  17, 1869,  p.  102,  pi.  17,  figs.  3.5,  30. 

I'  Palaoontogr.,  vol.  20,  1S80,  p.  1S2  (.W),  pi.  S.^,  ligs.  1,51,  1.52. 


DESCEIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  1U9 

Tkicalycites  papyraceus  Newberry. 

PI.  V,  figs.  S-12. 

Tricalycites  papyraceus  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geo].  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  132,  pi. 
46,  figs.  30-38;  HoUick,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  21,  1894,  p.  63,  pi.  180,  fig.  8;  Annals  New  York 
Ac'ad  Sci.,  vol!  11,  1898,  p.  61,  pi.  3,  fig.  6;  ibid.,  p.  423,  pi.  37,  figs.  1,  2;  BuU.  New  York  Bot.  Gard., 
vol.  2, 1902,  p.  405,  pi.  41,  fig.  3;  Fifty-fifth  Ann.  Kept.  New  York  State  Mus.,  1901  (1903),  p.  r51;  Berry, 
Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  31,  1904,  p.  81,  pi.  1,  fig.  4. 
These  organisms,  as  described  and  figured  by  Newberry  (loc.  cit.),  are  always 
3-lobed  or  winged,  -with  the  middle  one  larger  than  the  other  two,  as  is  the  case  in 
our  figs.  8,  9,  in  regard  to  the  identity  of  which  there  can  be  no  question.     The  frag- 
ment represented  by  our  fig.  10,  however,  is  manifestly  too  imperfect  for  positive 
identification,  and  in  figs.  11,  12  the  tripartite  divisions  are  not  well  defined  and 
the  indications  are  that  in  any  event  these  were  all  about  equal  in  size.     For  this 
reason  the  identity  of  the  latter  tliree  figures  is  perhaps  questionable,  and  it  is  possible 
that  they  may  represent  small  specimens  of  T.  major  Hollick,   the  species  last 

described. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  V,  figs.  8,  9.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hol- 
Uck.     Specimens  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Balls  Point,  Block  Island,  PI.  V,  fig.  10.  Collected  by  Arthur  Holhck.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Chappaquiddick,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  V,  fig.  11.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hol- 
lick.    Specimen  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Lloyd  Neck,  Long  Island,  PI.  V,  fig.  12.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard. 

Caltcites  obovatus  n.  sp. 
PI.  V,  fig.  23. 
Organism  consisting  of  a  petioled  nucleus,  to  which  are   attached  two  entire,  obovate,  longitudinally 
striated,  mng-like  appendages,  each  about  1.5  centimeters  long  by  1.3  centimeters  in  maximum  width. 

This  specimen  is  intermediate  in  size  and  shape  between  the  species  last  described 
and  certain  forms  of  Tricalycites  major  Hollick,"  with  wMch  species  itmay  eventually 
have  to  be  included.  It  is,  however,  unquestionably  2-winged,  and  the  wings  are 
shorter  and  relatively  broader  than  in  any  recognized  specimens  of  the  latter. 

Locality:  Nashaquitsa,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
men in  U:  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Caltcites  alatus  Hollick. 

PI.  V,  fig.  24. 

Calycites  datus  HoUick,  Bull.  New  York  Bot.  .Gard.,  vol.  3,  1904,  p.  417,  pi.  72,  fig.  8. 
Tricalycites  papyraceus  Newb.,  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  15,  1895,  p.  6. 

This  species  may  perhaps  be  regarded  as  a  small  form  of  the  one  last  described 
and  possibly  as  one  extreme  of  a  series  of  forms  of  which  the  other  extreme  is  repre- 
sented by  Tricalycites  major. 

Locality:  Montauk  Point,  Long  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  HolUck.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  New  York.  Bot.  Gard. 

a  See  this  monograph,  PI.  V,  figs.  16, 17. 


1 K^   FLOEA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Carpolithus  euontmoides  n.  sp. 
PI.  VII,  fig.  2. 

Carpolithus  sp.  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  38,  pi.  1,  fig.  4. 

This  fruit  is  suggestive  of  Celastrus  or  Euonymus,  although  it  appears  to  have 
had  more  than  five  carpels,  wliich  are  not  unlike  the  detached  seeds  shown  in  figs.  9,10. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Carpolithus  vaccinioedes  n.  sp. 

PI.  VII,  figs.  19,  19a. 

Carpolithus  sp.  Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  38,  pi.  1,  figs.  16,  16 

In  general  appearance  these  remains  are  suggestive  of  a  raceme  of  some  species 
of  Vaccinium,  although  the  details  of  the  inflorescence  seem  to  be  more  like  those  of 
some  o-lumaceous  plant.  The  specific  name  is  therefore  to  be  considered  as  merely 
indicative  of  its  superficial  aspect. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island.  Fig.  19  nat.  size;  fig.  19a  enlarged. 
Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.     Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Carpolithus  floribundus  Newberry. 

PL  VII,  figs.  20,  21. 

Carpolithus  florihurul.vs  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  133,  pi.  46, 
figs.  17-21. 

It  is  perhaps  not  certain  that  these  specimens  are  identical  with  Newberry's 
species,  but  their  points  of  resemblance  are  certainly  very  similar  and  the  slight  dif- 
ferences which  might  be  noted  would  be  difficult  to  define. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vinej^ard.  Collected  by  David  White.  Speci- 
mens in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Carpolithus  hirsutus  Newberry. 

PI.  VII,  figs.  3-8.  , 

Carpolithus  hirsutus  Newb.,  Mon.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  vol.  26  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays),  1895  (1896),  p.  134,  pi.  46, 

figs.  14,  14a. 
"Carpolithus  spinosu^  Newb.,"  Hollick,  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.  vol.  7,  1895,  p.  13.       ., 

The  characters  of  this  species  are  so  well  defined  that  there  is  no  difficulty  in 
identifying  it.  The  remains  are  found  in  I'elative  abundance  in  the  Amboy  claj's, 
and  a  number  of  specimens  are  included  m  the  collections  from  Gaj^  Head. 

Locality:  Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard.  Figs.  3-5  collected  by  Arthur  Plollick. 
Specimens  in  Mus.  New  York  Bot.  Gard.  Figs.  6-8  collected  by  David  White. 
Specimens  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES.  Ill 

Caepolithus  sp. 

PI.  VII,  figs.  9,  10. 
HoUick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  38,  pi.  1,  fig.  8. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island,  PI.  VII,  fig.  9.  Collected  by  Arthur 
Holliok.     Specimen  in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Gay  Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  PI.  VII,  fig.  10.  Collected  by  David  White. 
Specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Carpolithus  sp. 

PI.  VII,  fig.  11.  ■  . 

Hollick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  38,  pi.  1,  fig.  6. 

Locality:  Green  Ridge,  Staten  Island.  Collected  %  Heinirich  Ries.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci.  , 

Carpolithijs  sp. 

PI.  VII,  fig.  12. 

HoUick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  38,  pi.  1,  fig.  11. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Wm.  T.  Davis.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Caepolithus  sp. 

Pi.  VII,  fig.  13. 
HoUick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12, 1892,  p.  38,  pi.  1,  fig.  12. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Wm.  T.  Davis.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Caepolithus  sp. 
PI.  VII,  fig.  14. 
HoUick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  39,  pi.  1,  fig.  15. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

Caepolithus  sp. 

PI.  VII,  fig.  1.5. 

HoUick,  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  12,  1892,  p.  39,  pi.  1,  fig.  14. 

Locality:  Kreischerville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Speci- 
men in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 


112   FLOKA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Rhizomorphs. 

PI.  VI,  fig.  13. 
Rhizomorphs,  HoUick,  Annals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  p.  423,  pi.  38,  fig.  1. 

These  peculiar  fossils  are  especially  abundant  in  nodules  of  hard  clay  ironstone 
at  Tottenville,  Staten  Island,  and  I  have  found  traces  of  them  elsewhere.  They 
usually  consist  of  filamentous  carbonaceous  matter,  more  or  less  branching,  encased 
in  limonite.  When  the  carbonaceous  matter  is  absent  only  a  tube  of  limonite 
remains,  and  where  these  appear  at  the  surface  they  give  rise  to  pit-like  markings. 
The  term  rhizomorph  was  adopted  for  the  reason  that  it  was  used  by  Dr.  J.  I. 
Northrop  in  his  description  of  somewhat  similar  cylindrical  structures  in  the  coral 
rocks  of  the  island  of  Nassau, "  which  he  concluded  were  caused  by  concretionary 
structure  around  -the  roots  of  plants.  In  our  specimens  it  is  difficult  to  determine 
what  was  the  original  positi'on  of  the  matrix,  but  apparently  the  tubes  are  more  or 
less  at  right  angles  to  the  original  plane  of  deposition,  in  which  case  it  is  probable 
that  the  rhizomorphs  represent  the  remains  of  rootlets  in  place,  and  they  therefore 
may  or  may  not  be  Cretaceous  in  age. .  Post-Cretaceous  vegetation,  whose  rootlets 
extend  into  a  bed  of  Cretaceous  clay,  might  equally  well  produce  such  a  result. 
Whatever  their  true  nature  and  origin  may  be,  however,  these  remains  are  exceed- 
ingly characteristic  and  are  worthj^  of  description. 

Locality:  Tottenville,  Staten  Island.  Collected  by  Arthur  Hollick.  Specimen 
in  Mus.  Staten  Island  Assn.  Arts  and  Sci. 

o  Trans.  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  10,  1890,  p.  16. 


BOTANICAL   DISCUSSION. 

BOTAlSriCAIi   RELATIONSHIPS   OF  THE  FLORA. 

If  the  entire  flora  is  regarded  from  the  standpoint  of  the  subkingdoms  repre- 
sented, it  may  be  seen  that  the  Pteridophyta  form  a  very  insignificant  element,  and 
this  is  true  not  only  in  the  number  of  species  but  also  in  the  actual  number  of  speci- 
mens collected.  Six  species,  included  in  5  genera,  are  all  that  we  have  thus  far 
been  able  to  identify,  and  most  of  these  are  fragmentary,  whereas  in  the  Amboy 
clays  at  least  10  species  of  ferns  alonfe  are  known  and  several  of  these  occur  in  con- 
siderable abundance  at  certain  horizons  which  we  have  reason  to  believe  are  repre- 
sented in  the  insular  formations.  Recent  discoveries  of  ferns  in  new  exposures  at 
Kreischerville,  Staten  Island,  point  strongly  in  this  direction  and  indicate  that 
additions  to  the  pteridophytic  flora  may  be  expected  from  this  locality  when  the 
exposures  have  been  more  fully  examined. 

In  the  Spermatophyta,  in  a  total  of  91  genera  and  216  species,  the  gymnosperms 
and  angiosperms  number  14  genera  and  27  species  and  77  genera  and  189  species, 
respectively.  In  the  former  2  species  are  regarded  as  belonging  to  the  C3^cadales 
and  the  remainder  to  the  Coniferales,  while  the  angiosperms  are  represented  by  4 
genera  and  4  species  of  Monocotyledones,  and  73  genera  and  185  species  of  Dicotyle- 
dones.  The  occurrence  of  the  former  class  at  the  Long  Island  and  Marthas  Vine- 
yard localities  may  possess  some  significance,  inasmuch  as  not  a  single  species 
which  could  be  included  in  it  has  as  yet  been  found  in  the  Amboj^  clays,  although 
some  cj^uestionable  remains  are  described  from  the  Cliffwood  clay  marls. 

The  greatest  interest  naturally  centers  around  the  Dicotyledones,  in  which  146 
species  are  included  in  the  Choripetalfe,  16  in  the  Gamopetalse,  and  2.3  are  regarded 
as  of  uncertain  relation.  The  Ranales  is  the  largest  order,  including  5  families, 
16  genera,  and  55  species.  Of  these  the  largest  family  is  the  Magnoliacese,  with  3 
genera  and  22  species,  and  the  largest  genus,  Magnolia,  with  14  species. 

The  occurrence  of  several  aquatic  and  semiaquatic  plants,  such  as  Nelumho, 
Marsilea,  Typha,  and  Cyperacites,  is  interesting  for  the  reason  that  they  appear  to  be 
confined  to  Long  Island  and  Marthas  Vineyard,  and  may  indicate  either  that  pecul- 
iar local  conditions  prevailed  there  or  else  that  they  are  elements  of  a  flora  belonging 
to  a  different  horizon  from  any  known  on  Staten  Island. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  the  botanical  relationships  of  some  of  the  most  abundant 
and  characteristic  elements  should  be  in  doubt,  but  there  is  no  question  that  the 
facts  are  not  yet  at  hand  with  which  to  satisfactorily  determine  the  systematic  posi- 
tion of  the  species  included  under  such  genera  as  Liriodendropsis  and  Williamsonia. 

MON  L— 06 8        .  113 


114   FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

Their  external  characters  are  well  defined  and  for  this  reason  they  will  always  be  of 
stratigraphie  value  wherever  found,  but  the  problem  of  their  exact  biologic  affini- 
ties remains  to  be  solved. 

Finally,  a  word  should  be  said  in  regard  to  the  determinations  of  the  coniferous 
remains,  all  of  which  have  been  referred  to  well-known  fossil  or  living  genera  and 
most  of  them  to  well-known  Cretaceous  species,  solely  upon  their  external  characters. 
These  remains  consist  of  leaves,  twigs,  cones,  and  cone  scales,  often  completely 
dissociated  one  from  the  other  and  yet  in  many  instances  apparently  belonging  to 
the  same  genus  or  species.  The  actual  relationship  between  specimens,  as  implied 
in  the  names,  may  therefore  be  not  always  correct,  and  on  the  other  hand  speci- 
mens to  which  different  generic  or  specific  names  have  been  applied  may  belong  to 
the  same  species,  and  in  this  connection  a  wide  and  interesting  field  for  future 
investigation  is  open,  in  the  examination  of  the  internal  structure  of  the  specimens, 
when  these  are  suflficiently  well  preserved  to  be  sectioned  and  studied  under  the 
microscope.  The  lignites,  which  occur  in  great  abundance  at  many  horizons,  also 
offer  unlimited  material  for  the  future  investigator,  and  their  identification  would 
undoubtedly  throw  a  flood  of  light  upon  the  genera  which  are  represented  in  the 
flora,  and  in  many  instances  would  undoubtedly  assist  in  correctly  identifying  and 
associating  dismembered  parts  of  sjjecies. 

It  may  also  be  remarked  in  connection  with  the  gymnosperms  that  the  number 
of  species  described  does  not  give  a  correct  idea  of  the  actual  proportion  of  this  class 
of  plants  to  the  entire  flora.  It  is  probable  that  this  proportion  was  considerably 
greater  than  the  number  of  species  would  imply,  as  quantities  of  unidentified  mate- 
rial are  undoubtedly  gymnospermous.  A  superficial  examination  of  the  hgnites 
alone  proves  this  to  be  the  case,  and  much  of  the  macerated  material  which  forms 
layers  in  the  clays,  especially  at  Kreischerville,  also  belongs  in  the  same  class. 

In  the  following  table  is  given  the  number  of  species  in  the  insular  flora  opposite 
each  subdivision  of  the  vegetable  kingdom  in  which  they  belong : 

Systematic  tabulation  of  the  insular  flora,  showing  number  of  species. 


Subdivisions. 


Pteridophyta 

Filieales 

Gleicheniaceae 

Gleichenia . . . 

Cyatheaceae 

Tliyrsopteris 

Polypodiacea? 

Onoclea 

Salviniales 

Marsiliacefe 

Marsilea 

Sagenopteris. 

Spermatophy  ta 

Gymnospermse 

Cycadales 

Cycadaceae 

Podozamitea 


Number 

of 
species. 


1 
1 
216 
27 
2 
2 
2 


Subdivisions. 


Spermatophyta— Continued. 
Gymnospermse— Continued. 

Coniferales 

GingkoaceEB 

Czelcanowskia 

Baiera 

Protophyllocladus 
Pinaoese 

Dammara 

Pinus 

Cunningliamites. . , 

Sequoia 

Bracliyphyiluni . . . 

Widdringtonites. . . 

Frcnclopsis 

Moriconia 

Cyparissidium 


Number 

of 
species. 


25 
3 
1 
1 
1 

22 
3 
1 
1 
8 
1 
3 
1 
1 
1 


BOTANICAL  DISCUSSION. 


115 


Systematic  tabulation  oftlie  insidqr  flora,  showing  number  of  species — Continued. 


Subdivisions. 


Spermatophyta — Continued. 
Gymnospermje — Continued. 

Coniferales — Continued. 
Pinaceae— Continued. 

Juniperus 

Cone    scale,    undeter- 
mined  

Angiospermae 

Monocotyledonse 

Pandanales 

Typhaceae 

Typha 

Graminales 

PoaceEB 

Poacites 

>   CyperaceEe.. 

Cyperacites 

Liliales 

LiliacesD 

MajanthemophyHum . . 

Dicotyledons 

Clioripetalae 

.     Salicales 

Salicacese 

Populus. . : 

Salix 

Myricales 

Myricaeese 

Myrica 

Juglandales 

Juglandacese 

Juglans 

Fagales 

Fagaceae 

Quercus 

Urticales 

Ulmaceae 

Planera 

Moraceas 

Ficus 

Proteales 

Proteaceffi 

Proteoides 

Dryandroides 

Baoksites 

Ranales 

Nymphaeace^ 

Nelumbo 

Menispermaceae 

Menisperraites 

Cocculus : 

Cocculites 

Magnoliaceae : 

Magnolia 


Number 

of 
species. 


1 

1 
189 
4 
1 
1 
1. 
2 
1 
1 
1 

: 
1 
1 
1 

185 
146 

12 
.  12 
4 
8 
4 
4 
4 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
8 
1 
1 
7 
7 
3 
3 
1 
1 
1 

55 
1 
1 
7 
3 
2 
2 

22 

14 


Subdivisions. 


Spermatophyta— Continued. 
AngiospermfE—  Continued. 
Dicotyledonae— Continued. 
Choripetalae— Continued. 
Ranales— Continued. 

Magnoliacae — Continued. 

Liriodendron 

Liriodendropsis 

AnonaceEe 

Guatteria 

Lauraceffi 

Cinnamomum 

Persea 

Ocotea 

Nectandra 

Sassafras 

Malapoenna 

Laurus 

Laurophyllum 

Resales 

Platanaceae 

Platanus 

Rosacea ■ .. 

(Pomaceee) 

Amelanchier 

Leguminosse 

(Caesalptniaceae) .  - 

Hymenaea 

Cassia 

(Papilionace£e) 

Colutea 

Dalbergia 

Phaseolites 

LeguminosEe  of  uncertain  rela- 
tion  

Leguminosites 

Sapindales 

Anacardiace^ 

Rhus 

Pistacia 

Ilicaceae 

Ilex 

Celastraceae 

Celastrus 

Celastrophyllum , 

Gyminda 

Elaeodendron 

Aceraceae 

Acer 

Sapindaceae 

Sapindus 

Rhamnales 

Rhamnaceae 

Paliurus 


Number 

of 
species. 


3 
5 
1 
1 

24 
5 
2 
1 
1 
5 
1 
7 
2 

16 
3 
3 
1 
1 
1 

12 
3 
2 
1 
6 
1 
3 
2 

3 
3 

13 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
5 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
2 
3 
3 

10 
9 


116   FLORA  OF  SOUTHEEN  NEW  YOKK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 


Systematic  tabulation  of  the  insular  flora,  'TiovAng  number  af  species — Continued. 


Subdivisions. 


Spermatophyta— Continued. 
Angiospermae— Continued. 
Dicotyledonaer-Continued. 
Choripetalae — Continued. 
Rhamnales— Continued. 
Rliamnacese — Continued. 

Zizyphus 

Rliamnus 

Ceanotiius 

Vitacese T 

Cissites 

Malvales 

Sterculiaceae 

Sterculia 

Pterospermites.. 

Myrtales 

Myrtacese 

Eucalyptus 

MyrtopliyUum. . . 

Umbellales 

Araliaceee 

Hedera 

Aralia 

Panax 

Chondrophyllum 

GamopetalcE 

Ericales 

Ericacese 

Kalmia 

Andromeda 


Number 

ol 
species. 


Subdivisions. 


Spermatophyta— Continued . 
Angiospermse— Continued. 
Dicotyledonse— Continued. 
Gamopetalae — Continued. 

Primulales 

Myrsinacese 

Myrsine 

Myrsinites 

Ebenales 

Ebenaceffi 

'  Diospyros 

Gentianales 

Asclepiadaceae 

Periploca 

Rubiales 

CaprifoliaeeEe 

Viburnum 

Dicotyledonous  leaves  of  uncertain  relation 

Dewalquea 

Premnophyllum 

Phyllites 

Flowers,  fruit,  and  rootlets  of  uncertain 

relation 

Williamsonia 

Strobilites 

■  Tricarpellites 

Tricalycites 

Calycites 

Carpolithus 

Rhizomorphs 


Number 

oJ 
species. 


2 
1 
5 
5 
5 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
2 
4 
2 
1 
1 

19 
2 
1 
1 
2 
2 

10 
1 


In  the  total  known  insular  flora,  consisting  of  222  species,  31  are  described  as 
new  in  tliis  monograph  and  25  others  have  not  yet  been  found  elsewhere.  Of  these 
apparently  localized  species  several  are  deserving  of  special  mention,  such  as  Onoclea 
inquirenda  (Hollick) ,  which  apparently  represents  the  fertile  frond  of  a  fern ;  Marsilea 
Andersoni  Hollick,  the  first  satisfactory^  fossil  representative  of  this  genus  found  in 
America,  and  the  angiospermous  leaves  of  uncertain  sj^stematic  position  included 
under  Liriodtndropsis  spectahilis  n.  sp.,  which  are  apparently  extreme  forms  of  the 
many  wliich  are  referred  to  this  protean  genus. 

The  three  new  species,  Guatteria  cretacea,  Ocotea  nassauensis,  and  Gyminda  pri- 
mordialis  also  add  three  genera  new  to  the  Cretaceous  flora  of  North  America. 

stratigrapiiicaIj  and  areal  distribution  of  the  flora. 

In  the  correlation  table  the  stratigraphic  position  of  the  plant-bearing  deposits^ 
as  interpreted  by  a  number  of  geologists,  is  indicated,  and  it  now  remains  to  discuss 
the  evidence  in  this  connection  afl'ordi'd  by  the  included  plant  remains  thus  far 
identified. 

Of  the  222  sjiecies  described  in  this  monograph,  about  60  are  kno\\ni  to  occur 
in  the  Raritan  formation  at  Sa3a'eville,  Woodbridge,  and  South  Amboj',  N.  J.,  and 


BOTANICAL  DISCUSSION.  117 

some  40  or  more  in  the  Cliffwood  formation,  at  Cliffwood,  in  the  same  State. 
Excluding  some  species  of  doubtful  identity,  there  are  about  20  species  in  the 
insular  flora  common  to  both  formations. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  insular  flora  contains  more  than  100  well-defined  species 
and  a  number  of  other  doubtful  ones  which  have  not  yet  been  recorded  from  any  of 
the  New  Jersey  horizons.  Some  of  these  species  are  so  well  defined  that  thej^  could 
hardly  have  escaped  attention  had  they  been  present  in  any  of  the  collections  made 
in  New  Jersej'',  but  recent  discoveries  by  Mr.  Edward  W.  Berry,  kindly  reported  to 
me,  have  demonstrated  that  further  collecting  will  undoubtedly  result  in  adding 
several  of  the  insular  forms  to  the  New  Jersey  list.  In  a  recent  communication 
transmitted  to  me  by  Mr.  Berry,  relating  to  material  collected  at  Morgans  and 
at  the  pits  of  the  Clifl^wood  Brick  Company  during  the  year  1905,  a  mimber  of 
additions  to  the  Cretaceous  flora  of  New  Jersey  are  given,  which  include  Magnolia 
Capellinii  Heer,  Nelumho  Kempii  HoUick,  Salix  protesefolia  flexuosa  (Newb.)  Lesq., 
and  Cinnamomum  Heerii  Lesq.,  which  I  have  therefore  included  in  the  table  of 
distribution  for  those  locations.  The  first  two  are  of  special  interest,  for  the  reason 
that  their  comparative  abundance  on  Long  Island  and  Marthas  Vineyard  caused 
them  to  be  regarded  as  characteristic  of  the  formation  at  these  localities  and  it  was 
recognized  that  if  the  same  species  were  found  at  other  places  they  would  serve  as 
important  correlation  factors.  Of  yet  further  significance  in  connection  with  this 
flora,  made  known  by  Mr.  Berry,  may  also  be  noted  the  occurrence  of  another 
species  of  Nelumho  {N.  primaeva  Berry),  which,  however,  Mr.  Berry  is  now  inclined 
to  consider  as  a  small  form  of  N.  Kempii,  and  a  Salmnia  {Salvinia  sp.),  both  of' 
which  genera  are  represented  in  the  insular  flora  on  Long  Island,  but  not  in  that 
of  the  Amboy  clays  as  described  by  Newberry. 

The  beds  fi-om  which  Mr.  Berry's  collections  were  made  are  intermediatb  in 
their  stratigrapliic  position  between  the  typical  Raritan  plastic  clays  of  the  Wood- 
bridge  and  Amboy  horizons  and  the  typical  Cliffwood  clay  marls  of  the  Cliffwood 
bluff,  and  may  therefore  be  expected  to  yield  a  number  of  species  not  foimd  either 
below  or  above  them,  and  the  probabilities  are  that  among  these,  when  further  col- 
lections are  made,  \v'ill  be  included  other  species  of  the  insular  flora  which  have  not 
as  yet  been  discovered  on  the  mainland. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  pertinent  to  quote  the  following  abstract  fi-om 
pages  415  and  416  of  my  paper  on  "Additions  to  the  Palaeobotany  of  the  Cretaceous 
Formation  on  Staten  Island,  No.  II,"''  written  before  the  above  mentioned  dis- 
coveries of  Mr.  Berry  were  reported : 

It  was  previously  taken  for  granted  that  all  the  Cretaceous  strata  on  Staten  Island  were  continuations  of 
those  at  Perth  Amboy  and  Woodbridge,  and  that  the  fossil  plants  found  in  them  or  deriyed  from  them  would 
prove  to  be  identical  with  those  of  the  mainland.  Such,  however,  has  not  been  found  to  be  the  case,  and  this  fact 
has  seemed  to  indicate  that  some  of  the  strata  from  which  the  Staten  Island  plants  were  derived  may  represent 
a  different  and  presumably  a  higher  member  of  the  Amboy  clay  series  than  do  those  represented  at  the  NeT^ 
Jersey  localities  mentioned.  *  *  *  If  a  geological  map  of  New  .Jersey  be  examined  and  the  trend  of  the 
clay  outcrops  be  theoretically  extended  on  to  Staten  Island,  it  may  be  readily  seen  that  the  lower  beds,  repre- 
sented by  those  at  Woodbridge,  Sayreville,  Perth  Amboy,  and  possibly  South  Amboy,  wculd  strike  the  westera 
shore  of  Staten  Island  in  the  viciiiity  of  Tottenville  and  Kreischerville,  while  the  upper  beds,  represented  by 

oAnnals  New  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  11,  1898,  pp.  415^30. 


118   FLORA  OF  SOUTHEEN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

those  in  the  vicinity  of  Cheesequake  Creek  [Morgans],  would  strike  along  the  southern  shore  of  the  island  from 
Tottenville  to  Arioohar. 

This  probability  is  further  strengthened  by  the  fact  that  marl  bed  fossils  [invertebrates]  have  been  found 
in  the  moraine  at  the  latter  locality,  showing  that  strata  even  higher  than  the  upper  members  of  the  clay  series 
are  or  once  were  represented  there. 

From  a  consideration  of  these  facts  and  other  similar  ones  in  connection  with  the  Cretaceous  clays  on 
Staten  Island,  Long  Island,  Block  Island,  and  Marthas  Vineyard,  the  name  "Island  series"  was  given  by  Dr. 
Lester  F.  Ward  to  the  strata  represented  on  these  islands. 

I         The  "Island  series"  would  therefore  lie  above  the  Amboy  clays,  as  described  byNewberry,o  and  below  those 
of  the  clay  marls  at  Cliff  wood,  as  described  by  me  in  a  recent  paper,  ti 

The  striking  manner  in  which  the  theory  as  above  outhned  has  been  verified  by 
a  critical  examination  of  all  the  available  paleontologic  evidence  and  by  subsequent 
investigations  in  the  field  is  exceedingly  gratifying,  and  we  are  now  in  a  position 
to  state  with  almost  absolute  certainty  that  the  Ki-eischerville  beds  are  the  equiv- 
alents of  those  at  Woodbridge  and  Amboy  and  that  on  Long  Island  and  eastward  the 
deposits  include  not  onl}^  these,  but  also  the  liigher  strata  represented  on  the  main- 
land by  those  at  Morgans  and  Cliffwood ;  and  the  fact  that  plants  from  ail  these  hori- 
zons, as  well  as  invertebrate  remains  from  yet  higher,  are  abundant  in  the  moraine 
throughout  indicates  that  the  strata  from  wliich  they  were  derived  formerly  existed 
over  an  area  farther  to  the  north  than  where  they  are  now  exposed  and  probably 
included  a  large  part  of  what  is  now  Long  Island  Sound,  whence  they  were  eroded  hj 
glacial  action  during  the  Quaternary  period. 

A  comparison  of  our  flora  with  that  of  the  Dakota  group  shows  that  at  least 
58  species,  and  perhaps  more,  are  identical  with  species  of  that  group,  indicating  a 
close  relationsliip,  which  would  be  rendered  even  more  striking  by  including  in  the 
comparison  the  Cretaceous  flora  of  New  Jersey.  It  is  worth}'-  of  note,  however, 
that,  in  the  West,  Dakota  types  of  plants  occur  in  the  Judith  River  beds,  which  are  of 
Senonian  age  and  separated  from  the  Dakota  hj  more  than  1,000  feet  of  marine 
sediments. 

Comparing  the  flora  next  with  those  of  the  Kome,  Atane,  and  Patoot  beds  of 
Greenland,  it  may  be  seen  that  54  of  our  species,  some  of  them  the  most  character- 
istic, are  represented  in  those  horizons.  Of  these  species,  onlj^  9  occur  in  the  Kome, 
and  it  is  significant  that  the  identity  of  6  of  these  is  questioned;  40  occur  in  the 
Atane  and  23  in  the  Patoot  beds,  including  14  common  to  both,  and  a  critical 
analysis  seems  to  indicate  a  closer  relationship  with  these  latter,  regarded  as  a  floral 
unit,  than  with  the  Dakota  flora.  This  relationship  is  indicated  not  so  much  by  the 
actual  number  of  species  in  common  as  it  is  by  the  relative  abundance  of  certain 
species  which  may  be  regarded  as  characteristic,  such  as  Ounninghamites  elegans 
(Corda)  Endl.,  Widdringtonites  ReicJiii  (Etts.)  Heer,  Moriconia  cyclotoxon  Deb.  and 
Etts.,  Dammara  horealis  Heer,  Nelumho  Kempii  (Hollick)  Hollick  (probably  iden- 
tical with  Nelumiium  ardicum  Heer),  Liriodendropsis  simplex  (Newb.)  Newb., 
Celastrus  arctica  Heer,  etc.;  and  inasmuch  as  none  of  the  above  is  recognized  as  a 
typical  Dakota-group  species,  the  relationsliip  of  our  eastern  Cretaceous  flora  -with 
that  of  Greenland  may  be  regarded  as  closer  than  ^\•ith  that  of  our  Western  States. 
Heer  considered  the  Atane  flora  to  be  probably  Cenomanian,  while  he  recognized 

oMon.  U.  S.  Ocol.  Survey,  vol.  2G  (Fl.  Amboy  Clays). 

liTho  Crotacoous  clay  marl  exposure  at  Clillwood.  N.  J.;  Trans.  Now  York  Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  16, 1897,  pp.  124-136. 


BOTANICAL  DISCUSSION.  119 

that  the  fauna  of  the  Patoot  beds  proved  them  to  be  Senonian.  The  observations  of 
White  and  Schuchert"  have  confu-med  the  reference  of  the  Patoot  beds  to  the 
Senonian,  and  they  also  show  such  close  faunal  and  stratigraphic  relations  between 
the  two  series  as  to  make  it  probable  that  the  lower  Atane  beds  are  Senonian.  We 
may  therefore  consider  our  insular  flora  and  its  equivalents  on  the  mainland  as,  in 
part  at  least,  Senonian  in  age,  with  possibly  the  oldest  portion  of  it  as  old  as  late 
Cenomanian.  Whether  Turonian  time  is  represented  in  the  sediments  and  floras  of 
the  region  must  be  left  for  future  investigation.  It  is  interesting  to  note  in  this  con- 
nection that  the  fauna  of  the  Cliffwood  clays  as  recently  listed  by  Weller  '>  shows  only 
Senonian  affinities. 

No  attempt  has  been  made  at  an  exliaustive  comparison  with  the  Cretaceous 
flora  of  Europe,  but  an  examination  of  the  Senonian  flora  of  Quedlinburg,  in  Saxony, 
and  of  the  Cenomanian  flora  of  Moletein,  in  Saxony,  described  by  Heer,  and  that  of 
Bohemia,. described  by  Velenovsky  and  Bayer,  shows  that  our  insular  flora  is  closely 
related  to  all  of  them,  as  they  contain  such  characteristic  species  as  Dammara 
iorealis  Heer,  Widdringtonites  Reichii  (Etts.)  Heer,  CunningJiamites  elegans  (Corda) 
EndL,  Moriconia  cyclotoxon  Deb.  and  Etts.,  etc. 

In  the  following  table  the  distribution  of  the  insular  flora  as  above  outlined  is  set 
forth  in  detail.  It  might  have  been  extended  so  as  to  include  the  lower  Potomac 
formation  of  the  South  and  the  Laramie  and  allied  formations  of  the  West;  but  inas- 
much as  the  facts  in  relation  to  the  distribution  of  the  species  wliich  would  be  thus 
included  are  not  essential  to  the  solution  of  the  insular  flora  correlation  problem, 
these  features  are  omitted. 

o  Cretaceous  series  of  the  west 'coast  of  Greenland:  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  9, 1898,  pp.  343-368. 
6  Jour.  Geol.,  vol.  13, 1905,  pp.  324-337. 


120   FLOEA  OF  SOUTHEEN  NEW  YOEK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 


Table  of  distribution  of  the 
[Species  marked  with  an  asterisk  (*)  have  been  reported  only  from  within  the  insular  area. 


Species. 

Martlias 
Vineyard. 

Block 
Island. 

Long  Island. 

o 

ft 
o 

i 

o 

1 

1 
o 

CO 

a 
o 

« 

4J 

a 
o 

CM 

1 

c 

o 

Z 

M 

G 

O 

li 

zs 
3 

& 

o 

a 
"C 

a 

"o 
o 

■a 
a 

o 

C 

V 

g 

o 

31 

+ 

31 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

31 

32 

+ 

33 

34 

+ 

35 

35 

+ 
+ 

! 

30 

1 

36 

+ 

36 

Frotophj'llocladus  subintegJ'iEoKus  (Lesq.)  Berrj' 

+ 

37 

+ 

+ 

33 

*Darainara  northportensis  HoUiek 

+ 

40 

*Danirnara  minor  n.  sp 

40 

+ 

41 

+ 

41 

Sequoia  heterophylla  Vel 

41 

Sequoia  ambigua  Heer 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

42 

43 

43 

43 

43 

Cone  of  Sequoia  concinna  Heer. . 

+ 

44 

Cone  of  Sequoia  sp 

44 

Brachyphvllura  macrocarpum  Newb 

+ 

44 

W  ddringtonites  Reichii  (Etts.)  Heer. 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

45 

+ 

45 

45 

Frenelopsis  Hoheneggeri  (Etts.)  Sclieiik? 

46 

Moriconia  cyclotoxon  Dell.  &  Etts 

+ 

46 

Cyparlssidium  gracile  (Heer)  Heer? 

46 

Juniperus  hypnoides  Ilocr 

1 

47 

+ 
+ 
+ 

47 

48 

Poaci  tes  sp 

48 

48 

49 

Populus  harkeriana  Lesq 

49 

49 

Populus  stygia  Heer? 

+ 

+ 
+ 

50 

50 

50 

Saii.K  ounoata  Newb 

51 

Salix  Meekii  Newb 

51 

.Sali.x  proteiefolia  flexuosa  (Newb.)  Lesq 

+ 
+ 

52 

+ 
+ 

52 

Salix  protoa;f olia  lincarifolia  Lesq  ? 

BOTANICAL  DISCUSSION. 


121 


species  described  in  this  work. 

In  the  Greenland  column  A  indicates  Atane,  K  indicates  Kome,  P  indicates  Patoot.] 


Long  Island. 

Staten  Island. 

New  Jersey. 

ft 
o 

O 

X3 

g 
g 

o 

1 

« 
o 
o 

> 

8 

i 

3 

s 

U2 

k 

■is 

r 

5 

a 

s 

a 
3 

03 
< 

1 

o 
B 

1 
1 

ID 

a 

© 

1 

s 

6 

> 
g 

o 
o 

5: 

>> 

a 

< 

s 

a 
o 

CO 

to 

O 

§ 
> 

o 

a3 

+  E.  A. 

+   K. 

-|- 

+ 

1 

+ 

+ 
+ 

1 

■    1 

+ 

+ 

+  K. 

+  K. 

+  A. 

+  A.  P. 

f 

+ 



+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

-}- 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+  P. 

+  K.  A. 

+  K.  A. 

+  A.  P. 

+  K. 

^ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+  P. 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+  A.  P. 

+  A. 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+  K. 
+  A.  P. 
+  K.A.P. 

+  A. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

1 

+ 
+ 

1 

+ 

+  P. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+  A.  P. 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 



122   FLOE  A  OF  SOUTHEEN  NEW  YOEK  AXD  NEW  ENGLAND. 


Table  of  distribution  of  the 


Species. 

Marthas 
Vineyard. 

Block 
Island. 

Long  Island. 

o 

CD 

o 
a 

i 

3 

3 
ft 

1 

'B 

•6 

.s 

O 

-1 
Pi 

■s 

g 

o 

•1 

s 

3 

.9 
o 

■a 
3 

a 
o 

is 

o 

w 

a 
o 

5 

2 

g 

■a 
& 
5 

tub 

a 

5 

■a 

§ 

J4 
o 

o 

53 

1 

53 

Salix  sp 

53 

S3 

*Myrica  HoUicki  Ward 

54 

Myrica  Zenkeri  (Etts.)  Vel.? 

54 

+ 

54 

+ 

+ 

55 

Juglans  crassipes  Heer 

+ 
+ 

55 

1 

56 

+ 

....1 

56 

66 

+- 
+ 
+ 

57 

57 

Ficus  mvricoides  HoUiek. . 

57 

+ 

5S 

+ 
+ 
+ 

58 

Ficus  Krausiana  Heer 

.... 

+ 

5S 

59 

59 

Ficus  Woolsoni  Newb.? 

59 

Proteoides  daplinogenoides  Heer 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

60 

60 

Banksites  Saportanus  Ve! 

61 

61 

62 

Menispermites  acutilobus  Lesq.?. 

+ 

62 

62 

+ 

62 

CocculLis  cinnamomeus  Vel. 

+ 

+ 
+ 

63 

63 

63 

+ 

64 

+ 
+ 

64 

64 

65 

+ 
+ 
+ 

6.5 

Magnolia  amplifolia  Heer 

65 

66 

66 

Magnolia  Isbergiana  Heer 

66 

+ 

1 

67 

67 

Magnolia  alternans  Heer. 

67 

67 

Magnolia  auriculata  Newb 

+ 

68 

68 

68 

*  Liriodcndron  uttenuatuin  n.  sp 

+■ 

...! 

BOTANICAL  DISCUSSION. 


123 


species 

described  -in  <?iis 

worlc — Continued. 

Long  Island. 

Staten,  Island. 

New  Jersey. 

ft 
a 

s 

bo 
o 
Q 

i 

1 
s 

o 

-a 
a 

d 
la 
M 

O 
O 

n 

6 
> 
o 
o 

s 

3 

a 

o 

k 

O  +J 

1 

.as 
a 

H 

t4 

■s 

o 

t-l 

< 

i 
.a 

§ 

S 

1 

o 

o5 
> 

03 
,13 

1 

q3 
tie 
■a 

iS 
S 

oj 

a 
g 
& 

'u 
£^ 

O 

o 

o 
B 

o 

o5 
O 

O 
O 

s 

S 
o 

i, 

o 

+ 

+ 
+ 



.... 

+ 

+ 

+  A. 

+ 

+ 

? 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+  A. 
+  P. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

^ 

— 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

.... 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+  A.  P. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

> 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

-t- 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

.... 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

"    +" 

+ 

?A. 

+ 

+ 

. 



+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

? 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+  A. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

4- 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+  A. 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+  A. 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

124   FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 


Tabk  of  distrihution  of  the 


Species. 

Marthas 
Vineyard. 

Block 
Island. 

Long  Island. 

1 

.2 
o 

1 

a 

'3 
§■ 

S3 

H 
>> 

c3 
O 

5 

— 

c 
o 

Ph 

1 

.5 

'o 

fin 

+3 

O 

3 
=3 

C 
O 

s 

B 

J. 

w  o 

•a 
>> 

o 

5 

c 
'u 

P, 

m 

■a 

□ 

=3 
m 
1— ( 

C 

s 

i 

z 

J4 
O 

71 

Liriodendropsis  angustifolia  Newb 

+ 
+ 

71 

Liriodendropsis  constricta  (Ward  var.) 

72 

Liriodendropsis  retusa  (Heer)  n.  comb 

72 

Liriodendropsis  simplex  (Newb.)  Newb 

+ 

73 

*  Liriodendropsis  speetabilis  n.  sp 

73 

*  Guatteria  cretacea  n.  sp 

+ 

74 

*r'innnTnnmiiTn  r>rfl<!<:ipptinlfltnni  n    sp 

74 

Cinnamomum  intermedium  Newb 

75 

Cinnamomum  Heerii  Lesq.? 

+ 

75 

Cinnamomum  membranaoeum  (T.esq,)  n.comb 

75 

Cinnamomum  sp 

+ 
+ 

76 

Persea  Leconteana  (Lesq.)  Lesq.- 

76 

*  Persea  valida  n.  sp 

76 

*  Oeotea  nassauensis  n  sp 

76 

*  Nectandra  imperfecta  n.  sp 

+ 
+ 
+ 

77 

Sassafras  acutilobum  Lesq 

77 

*  Sassafras  angustilobum  n.  sp 

77 

Sassafras  cretaceum  Newb.  ? 

78 

RflSSflfras  haRt.<itnm  NTpwh  *? 

+ 

78 

Sassafras  progenitor  Newb 

78 

Malapoenna  sp 

+ 
+ 

79 

Laurus  nebrascensis  (Lesq.)  Lesq 

+ 

79 

*  Laurus  Newberryana  Hollick 

80 

Laurus  Hollae  Heer? 

■ 

SO 

Laurus  antecedens  Lesq 

80 

Laurus  teliformis  Lesq 

+ 

80 

Laurus  plutonia  Heer 

81 

Laurus  angusta  Heer 

+ 

81 

*  Laurophyllum  elegans  n.  sp 

82 

*  Laurophyllum  nervillosum  n.  sp 

82 

*  Platanus  aquehongensis  Hollick  

82 

Platanus?  Newberryana  Heer 

83 

Platanus  sp 

83 

*  Amelanchier  Whitei  n.  sp 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

83 

Hymeneea  dakotana  Lesq 

+ 

84 

Hymenfea  primigenia  Sap 

84 

Cassia  sp 

84 

Colutea  primordialis  Heer 

85 

Dalbergia  hyperborea  Heer? 

85 

*  Dalbergia  minor  n.  sp 

+ 
+ 

85 

*  Dalbergia  irregularis  n.  sp 

85 

*  Pliaseolites  elegans  n.  sp 

86 

♦Phaseolites  manhassettensis  Hollick 

86 

Leguminositcs  coronilloides  Heer 

+ 

86 

Leguminosites  constrictus  Lesq.? 

, 

86 

Leguminositcs  convolutua  Lesq.  ? 

+ 

87 

Rhus  cretacea  Heer? 

87 

*  Pistacia  aquehongensis  Hollick 

BOTANICAL  DISCUSSION. 

species  described  in  this  work — Continued . 


125 


Long  Island. 

Staten  Island. 

New  Jersey. 

2 

o 
0 

n 
O 

'6 

a 

1— I 

"C 

o 

s 

i 

g 

3 

H 
S 

5 
|f 

a 

d 

s 

■  « 

O 
u. 

< 

m 

05 

1 
a 

i 

> 

a 
o 

a 

6 

'> 
d 

1 

t 
f 

5 

_2 
1 

■g 

o 

o 

a 

1 
o 

03 

o 

O 

o 
ig 
3 

6 

ft 
o 

3 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

? 

+ 
+ 

+  P. 

+  A. 

+ 

+ 

t 

+ 

+ 

• 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

? 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

[ 

+ 

? 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

+  A.  P. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+  A.  P. 
+  A.  P. 

4- 

1 

+ 

1 

+ 
+ 

1 

1 

+ 

■  + 

+ 

+  P. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

? 

+ 

+  A. 
+  A. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+  A. 

1 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

-V 

126      FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 


Table  of  dutrihution  of  the 


Species. 

Marthas 
Vineyard. 

Block 
Island. 

Long  Island. 

o 
o 

a 

Ph 

3 
t 

ft 

B 

■s 

i 

I 

o 

o 
o 

o 

5 

a 
'o 

O 

o 

3 

44 

o 

3 

tb 
o 

o 

1 
o 

+ 

ss 

1 

+ 

+ 

88 

1 

+ 

+ 
+ 

89 
89 
89 
89 
90 

1 

+ 

1 

91 
91 

+ 

+ 

+ 

1 

+ 

92 
92 

1 

93 
93 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

93 
94 

+ 

94 
94 
95 

+ 

+ 
+ 

95 

+ 

95 

+ 
+ 

+ 

96 
96 
97 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

97 
97 
98 
98 
98 
99 
99 
99 
100 
100 
100 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

7 

+ 
+ 

+ 

101 
101 
102 
102 
102 
103 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

Myrsinites?  Qaudlni  Lesq 

....I 

BOTANICAL  DISCUSSION. 


127 


species  described  in  this  work — Continued. 


Long  Island. 

Staten  Island. 

New  Jersey. 

s 

tn 

s. 

o 

o 

1 

5 

i 

l-H 

6 

t 
O 

S 

02 

§  . 

5 

.as 
a 

s 

eg 
,g 

1 

pq 

ta 

1 

o 

s 
■s 

« 

a 
> 

1 

o 

1 

.2 
g 

-a 
d 

1 

03 

to 

o 
o 

o 

a 

a 

o 

o 
o 

s 

o 

1 

+ 

i 

+ 

+  p. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

? 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

' 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 
? 

+ 

+  A.  p. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

1 

-L 

+ 

+  P. 

+ 
+ 

+  P. 

+  A. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+  A. 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

? 
? 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+  A. 

+ 

S 

+ 

+ 
+ 

•' 

1 

1 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

? 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+  A. 
+  A. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+  A. 
+  A. 

-i- 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+  A. 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+  A. 

+ 

+ 

128      FLORA  OF  SOUTHERN  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 


Table  of  distribution  of  the 


Species. 

Marthas 
Vineyard. 

Block 
Island. 

Long  Island. 

o 

m 

a 

o 

i 

B 

a* 
a 

A 

o 

i 
■s 

0 

0 

i 

0 

0 

4J 

■5 

1 

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a 
0 

i 

1 

It 

S  p. 

3 

ID 

3 

.9 

U 
M 

0 

a 
1— 1 

1 
0 

j4 

1 

0 

103 

DinRpyrns  pn'msTRvn,  TTppr 

+ 
+ 

+ 

103 

104 

104 

Diospyros  pseudoanceps  Lesq 

104 

105 

+ 

105 

Viburnum  Hollickii  Berry  . .        

105 

106 

106 

Dewalquea  insignis  Hos.  and  v.  d.  Marck? 

106 

+ 

106 

*  Phyllites  poinsettioides  Hollick    .          ... 

107 

+ 

107 

*  Williamsonia  Riesii  HoUick 

107 

*  Strobilltes  perplexus  n.  sp 

+ 
+ 

+ 

108 

108 

109 

Tricalycites  papyraceus  Newb 

109 

109 

iin 

*  Carpolithus  euonymoides  n.  sp       

110 

110 

+ 
+ 
+ 

110 

r,«rpnlit.hns  hirsnt.ns  Npwh 

111 

111 

111 

Carpolithus  sp 

111 

111 

Carpolithus  sp 

111 

Carpolithus  ap ■ 

112 

Tntfll  nnmhor  nf  qpppipa^  22?  .      

10 

13 

103 

3 

2 

11 

1 

1 

8 

7 

1 

2 

6 

BOTANICAL  DISCUSSION. 

described,  in  this  work — Continued. 


129 


Long  Island. 

Staten  Island. 

New  Jersey. 

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58                54  j    37 

MON   L — 06 


PLATES. 


131 


P  L  A  T  E    I. 

Page. 

Figs.  1  -7.  Onocela  inquirenda  (Hollick)  n.  comb 32 

S.  Gleichenia  protogsa  Deb.  and  Etts.  '^ 31 

9.  Gleichenia  gracilis  Heer? 31 

10-13.  Thyrsopteris  grevillioides  (Heer)  n.  comb  . - . . .  31 

14-18.  Marsilea  Andersoni  Hollick 33 

19-21.  Marsilea  Holtingiana  Schaff.  (introduced  for  comparison) 33 

22.  Sagenopteris  variabilis  (Vel.)  Vel.  ? 34 

132 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L     PL.  I 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE  II. 

Page. 

Fig.       1.  Podozamites  lanceolatus  (Lindl.  and  Hutt.)  Schimp 35 

2-1 1  in  part,  12-26  in  part,  27a.  Dammara  borealis  Heer . , 37 

1 1  in  part.  Poacites  sp - -  - 48 

26  in  part,  27b,  28.  Juniperus  hypnoides  Heer - 46 

29-.32.  Dammara  cliffwoodensis  Hollick  (introduced  for  comparison)   39 

33,  34.  Dammara  northportensis  Hollick - 39 

35-37.  Dammara  minor  n.  sp - -  -  -  -  40 

38.  Cone  scale  of  a  conifer? -  - 47 

39,  47,  48.  Pinus  sp - 40 

40.  Sequoia  Reichenbaclii  (Oein.)  Heer. - - 42 

41 .  Cone  of  Sequoia  concinna  Heer — - - - 43 

42.  Cone  of  Sequoia  sp - - 44 

43.  Strobilites  perplexus  n.  sp - - 107 

44-46.  Baiera  grandis  Heer? 36 

134 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH   L     PL.  M 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE   III. 

Page. 

Fig.      1.  Cunninghamites  elegans  (Corda)  Endl 41 

2,  3.  Sequoia  heterophylla  Yel 41 

4,  5.  Sequoia  Reichenbachi  (Gein.)  Heer.  . . -12 

6.  Sequoia  sp 43 

7,  S.  Sequoia  ambigua  Heer 41 

9,  10.  Brach^-pliyilum  macrocai'pum  Newb 44 

11.  Cypai-issidium  gracile  (Heer)  Heer? 46 

12-13a.  .Juniperus  hypnoides  Heer   46 

14.  Sequoia  gracUis  Heer ?.. 43 

15.  Sequoia  fastigiata  (Sternb.)  Heer? 43 

16. 17.  iloriconia  cyclotoxon  Deb.  and  Etts — 46 

136 


MONOGRAPH   L     PL.  Ill 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


CRETACEOUS  FLORA. 


PLATE  I^^. 

Page. 

Fig.      1.  Widdringtonites  fasciculatus  n.  sp 45 

2-5.  Widdringtonites  suljtilis  Ileer 45 

6-8.  Widdringtonites  Reichii  (Etts.)  lieer 44 

9,  10.  Frenelopsis  Hoheneggeri  (Etts.)  Schenk  ? 45 

138 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH   L     PL.  IV 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE   Y. 

Figs.    1-6.  Protophyllocladus  subintegrifolius  (Lesq.)  Berr\' 36 

7.  Czekanowskia  dicliotoma  (Heer)  Heer? 36 

8-12.  Tricalycites  papyraceus  Newb 109 

13-22.  Tricalycites  major  Hollick _ 108 

23.  Calyeites  obovatus  n.  sp _ — 109 

24.  Calyeites  alatus  Hollick 109 

26,  26.  Williamsonia  Riesii  Hollick 107 

27-32.  Williamsonia  problematica  (Newb.)  Ward 107 

140 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L      PL.  V 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


•      PLATE  TI. 

Page. 

Figs.  1-3.  Podozamites  sp  . . .  _ . - - - - 35 

4-6.  Typha  sp - 47 

7,  8.  Cyperacites  sp - - -  48 

9-11.  Poacites  sp - - 48 

12.  Majanthemophyllum  pusillum  Heer - - 48 

13.  Rhizomorplis 112 

142 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH  L     PL.  VI 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE  VII. 

Page. 

Fig.        1.  Tricarpellites  striatus  Newb 108 

2.  Carpolithus  euonymoides  n.  sp 110 

3-S.  Carpolithus  hireutus  Newb 110 

9,  10.  Carpolithus  sp , HI 

11.  Carpolithus  sp - -  HI 

12.  Carpolithus  sp -  -  HI 

13.  Carpolithus  sp -  -  -  HI 

14.  Carpolithus  sp - HI 

1.5.  Carpolithus  sp - — HI 

16-18.  Aments  of  Populus  sp - - 50 

19,  19a.  Carpolithus  vaccinioides  n.  sp  I  fig.  19a  enlarged) HO 

20,  21.  Carpolithus  fioribundus  Xewb - -  - HO 

22.  .\ment  of  Myrica  sp -  - - 5-i 

23.  Mvrica  Zenkeri  (Ett.s.)  Vel.  ? - S"! 

24.  Myrica  HoUioki  Ward -  - -  -  -  53 

25.  Myrica  Davi.sii  HoUick - -  - -  -  - 53 

26,  27.  SalLx  cuneata  Newb -  - -  - -  - 50 

28,  29.  Populus '.  apiculata  Newb - -  - 49 

30.  Populus  st}-gia  Heer? - ^^ 

31.  Populus  harkeriana  Lesq - -  - - ■*" 

144 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH   L     PL.  VII 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE  YIII. 

Figs,  la,  2—1.  Salix  protefefolia  lanceolata  Lesq 52 

lb.  Jlyrsine  elongata  Newb 102 

Ic,  8,  9.  SalLx  Meekii  Ne\yb 51 

5,  6a.  Salix  protejefolia  flexuosa  (Newb.)  Lesq 51 

6b.  Eucalyptus  ?  nervosa  Newb 95 

7.  Salix  cuneata  Newb .  _ 50 

10,  23.  Salix  membranacea  Newb - 50 

11.  SalLx  purpuroides  Hollick 53 

12.  Salix  protesefolia  linearifolia  Lesq.  ? 52 

13.  SalLx  sp  - - - 53 

14.  Quercus  morrisoniana  Lesq - -  - 56 

15,  16.  Quercus  ( ?)  novfe-cfesarete  Hollick 56 

17.  Quercus  sp 56 

18,  19.  Dryandroides  quercinea  Vel — 60 

20, 21.  Banksites  Saportanus  Yel 60 

22.  Planera  betuloides  n.  sp 57 

24.  Dewalquea  insignis  Hos.  and  v.  d.  Marck ? .  - — 106 

25.  Dewalquea  gronlandica  Heer? - 106 

146 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L     PL.  VIM 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA, 


PLATE  IX. 

Page. 

Figs.  1,  2.  Ficus  Willisiana  IloUick .59 

3-5.  Juglans  crassipe.s  Ilccr .55 

6-8.  Juglaii.s  arctica  Hcor -  -  — —  54 

9.  Ficus  Krausiana  Heer 58 

148 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L     PL.  IX 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


'    PLATE    X. 

Page. 

Figs.  1-3.  Ficus  Krau.siana  Heer 58 

4-6.  Ficus  at avina  lleor 5g 

150 


U    S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


Monograph  l    pl.  X 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE    XI. 

Page. 

Figs.  1,  2.  Ficus  sapindifolia  Hollick _ _ _ 58 

3,  4.  Juglans  elongata  n.  sp 55 

5,  6.  Fieus  Woolsoni  Newb.  ? . . .  59 

7.  Ficus  fracta  Vel 57 

8,  9.  Ficus  rayricoides  Hollick 57 

152 


U.  S    GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH   L     PL.  XI 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE    XII. 

Page. 

Figs.      1-5.  Proteoides  daplinogenoidos  Heer 59 

6.  Menispcrmitos  Brvsoniiina  IloUick _ . .  61 

7.  Menisperniites  sp - - 62 

8.  Menispermites  acutilobus  Lesq.  ? 62 

9.  Cocculus  minutus  Hollick -  - 62 

10-12.  Cocculus  cinnaniomeus  Vel 62 

13.  Cocculites  inquirendus  n.  sp 63 

14.  Cocculites  imperfectus  n.  sp 63 

154 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L      PL.  XII 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE   XIII 


Fios.  1-4.  Nelumbo  Kempii  (llollick)  liollick 
156 


Page. 
61 


U.  s.  Geological  survey 


Monograph  l    pl.  xiII 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE    XIV. 


Figs.  1,2.  Noliimbo  Kempii  (Ilollick)  Hollick. 
158 


Page. 
61 


PLATE   XY. 

Page. 
Nelumbo  Kempii  (Hollick)  Hollick _ 61 

160 


U.  S.  GEOLOQIOAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH   L     PL.     XV 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE   XTI. 

Page 

Figs.  1-6.  Nelumbo  Kempii  (HoUick)  lloUick 61 

7.  Nelumbium  arctioum  Heer  (introduced  for  comparison) 61 

.     162 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L     PL.  XVI 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE   X\^II. 

Page. 

Fig.      1.  Magnolia  tenuifolia  Lesq _ 64 

2.  Magnolia  Lacoeana  Losq 65 

3,  4.  Magnolia  Capellinii  Heer 63 

164 


MONOGRAPH   L     PL.  XVII 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE    XVIIT. 

Page. 

Fig.      1.  Magnolia  amplil'olia  Ilccr 65 

2,  3.  Magnolia  pseudoacuniinata  Lesq 65 

4,  5.  Magnolia  tenuifolia  Lcsq 64 

166 


U.  S.  QEOLOQIOAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L     PL.  XVIII 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE    XTX. 

Page. 
Figs.  1-4.  Magnolia  speciosa  Heer — 64 

5.  Magnolia  auriculata  Newb 67 

6.  Magnolia  glaucoides  Newb.  ? ; "~ 

168 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH   L     PL.  XIX 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE    XX. 

Page. 

""iG.       1 .  Magnolia  Van  Ingeni  Hollick _ 67 

2,  3.  Magnolia  longifolia  Newb _..._._ 65 

4.  Magnolia  Isliergiana  Heer _ 66 

5,  8.  Magnolia  auriculata  Xewb 67 

6.  Magnolia  glaucoides  Newb.  ? 67 

7.  Magnolia  woodbridgensis  Hollick 66 

170 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH   L     PL.  XX 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE    XXI. 

Page. 

Figs.    1-4.  Guatteria  cretacea  n.  sp — 73 

5,  6.  Magnolia  longipes  Newb.  ( 64 

7.  Liriodendron  primievum  Newb 68 

8.  Liriodendron  oblongifoiium  Newb. '. . . 68 

9-11.  Liriodendron  attenuatum  n.  sp — - 68 

172 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH   L     PL.  XXI 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE   XXIT. 

Page. 

Figs.  1-6.  Liriodendropsis  .spectabilis  n.  sp - 73 

7.  Liriodendropsis  constricta  (Ward  var.) _ —         71 

174 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L      PL.  XXM 


\ 

11                           ^ 

\ 

li                         / 

\ 

'1                     / 

N 

W                  / 

H              / 

\ 

w 

■s 

11      / 

7 

X  il  / 

Ml/ 

CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE   XXIII. 

Page. 
Figs.  1-7.  Liriodendropsis  simplex  (Newb.)  Newb 72 

176 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L      PL.  XXIII 


CRETACEOUS  FLORA. 


PLATE    XXIV. 

Page. 
Figs.  1-9.  Liriodendropsis  siiiipk'.x  (Newb.)  Ncwb 72 

178 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH   L     PL.  XXIV 


CRETACEOUS  FLORA. 


PLATE    XXA^. 


Page. 
73 


Figs.  1,  4,  5,  7,  10-12.  Liriodendrop.sis  simplex  (Newb.)  Newb 

2,  3.  Bignonia  pulcherrima  Bayer  (introduced  for  comparison) 70 

6.  Myrsinophyllura  varians  Vel.  (introduced  for  comparison) 70 

8,  9.  Liriodendropsis  rctusa  (Heer)  n.  comb 72 

180 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L     PL.  XXV 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE  XXTI. 

Faee. 

Figs,  la,  2-5.  Liriodendropsis  aagustifolia  Newb 71 

lb,  Ic,  Id.  Liriodendropsis  simplex  (Newb.)  Newb 72 

6-1.5.  Liriodendropsis  constricta  (Ward  var.) _ 71 

1^2 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L     PL.  XXVI 


CRETACEOUS  FLORA. 


PLATE    XX VII. 

Page. 

Figs.       1-5.  Lauropliylluin  elegans  n.  sp -  -  - 81 

6,  7.  Lauropliylluin  nervillo.suni  n.  sp -  - - 82 

8.  Ocotea  nas.sauensis  n.  sp _ 76 

9,  10.  Laums  plutonia  Heer - 80 

11,  12.  Laurus  angusta  Iloer - - -  -  - -  -  -  81 

13, 14.  Nectandra  imperfecta  n.  sp - 76 

184 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L      PL.  XXVII 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA, 


PLATE   XXTIII. 

Page. 

Figs.    1 ,  2.  Laurus  plutoiiia  Heer 80 

3-8.  Laurus  nebrascensis  (Le.sq.)  Lesq 79 

9,  10.  Laurus  antecedens  Lesq SO 

11.  Laums  Hollae  Heer?_ _ 80 

186 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH   L     PL.  XXVIII 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA, 


PLATE    XXIX. 

Page. 

Fitis  1-3.  Sassafras  angustilobum  n.  sp _ 77 

4.  Sassafras  hastatum  Newb.  ? ...  78 

5,C.  Cinnamomum  membranaceum  (Lesq.)  n.  c-orab 75 

7 ,  Cinnamomum  intermedium  Newb 74 

8,  9.  Persea  valida  n.  sp 76 

188  , 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L      PL.  XXIX 


CRETACEOUS  FLORA. 


PLATE    XXX. 

Page. 

Figs.  1,2.  C'innamoraum  intermedium  Newb 74 

3,  4.  Cimiamomum  crassipetiolatum  n.  sp .  , .  _ 74 

5,  6.  Cinnamomum  Heerii  Lesq.  ? . . 7-') 

7.  Cinnamomum  sp _ 75 

8,  9.  Sassafras  acutilobum  Lesq - 77 

10.  Sassafras  cretaceum  Newb.  t 77 

1 1 .  Sassafras  progenitor  Newb - 78 

12.  Sassafras  hastatum  Newb.  ? —  -  -  — 78 

190 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L     PL.  XXX 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE    XXXI. 

Page 

Fig.  1 .  Persea  Leconteana  (Lesq.)  Lesq 76 

2.  Laurus  Newbenyana  Hollick 79 

3.  Laurus  teliforniis  Lesq 80 

4.  Malapoenna  sp 78 

5    Platanus  sp _ 83 

6.  Platanus  Aqiieliongensis  Hollick 82 

192 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L     PL.  XXXI 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA, 


PLATE    XXXII. 

Page. 

Fig.  1.  Amelanchiei-  Whitei  n.  sp 83 

2,  3.  Phaseolites  rnanliassettensis  Hollick 86 

■i.  Phaseolites  elegans  n.  sp 85 

5-7.  Hymeniea  dakotana  Lesq 83 

8,  9.  Hyineiiii^a  primigenia  Sap 84 

10.  Dalbei'gia  liyperboiea  Heer? - 85 

11.  Dalbei'gia  inegularis  n.  sp 85 

12.  Dalbei'gia  minor  n.  sp - 85 

13.  Cassia  sp 84 

14,  15.  Colutea  priiiiordialis  Hcer 84 

16,  17.  Leguminosites  coronilloides  Heer 86 

15,  19.  Leguminosites  convolutus  Lesq.? 86 

20.  Leguminosites  constrictus  Lesq. ? 86 

194 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L      PL.  XXXII 


CRETACEOUS  FLORA. 


PLATE   XXXIII. 

Page. 

Fig.          1.  Phvllites  poinsettioides  Hollick 106 

2.  Rims  cretacea  Heer? 87 

3.  Pistacia  aquehongensis  Hollick ...  87 

4.  Ilex  papillosa  Lesq 87 

5.  G3'minda  primordialis  n.  sp 88 

6.  Elieodendron  strictura  n.  sp 89 

7.  Elseodendron  sp 89 

S.  Celastrophj'lliiiu  grandifolium  Newb. ? - 88 

9-11.  Celastrus  arctica  Heer 88 

12, 13.  Fruit  of  Acer  sp -  - 89 

14.  Acer  minutum  Hollick —  89 

15.  Sapindus  imperfectus  Hollick 90 

16-20.  Sapindvis  monisoni  Lesq - 90 

21.  Sapindus  apiculatus  Vel - 91 

196 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L      PL.  XXXIII 


CRETACEOUS  FLORA, 


PLATE   XXXIT. 

Page 

Flo.           1 .  Rhamnus  ( ? )  acuta  Pleer - —  93 

2-5.  Paliurus  integrifolius  Hollick 91 

6.7.  PaKurus  affinis  Heer? '. - 92 

S.  Zizyphus  elegans  Hollick 92 

9,  10.  Zizj'phus  oblongus  n.  sp 92 

1 1 ,  12.  Zizyphus  gronlandicus  Heer 93 

13.  Zizyplms  I.ew-isiana  Hollick 93 

14.  Paliurus  ovalis  Dawson - 91 

1.5-17.  Ceanothus  constrictus  n.  sp 93 

18. 19.  Sterculia  sp 95 

20.  Sterculia  Snowii  Lesc| .  ? 94 

21,  22.  Sterculia  pre-Iabrusca  n.  sp 94 

198 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L      PL.  XXXIV 


CRETACEOUS     FLORA. 


PLATE    XXXV. 

Page. 

Figs.  1-8, 10-12.  Eucalyptus  Geinitzi  (lieer)  Heer 96 

9, 14, 15.  Eucalyptus  ?  angustifolia  Newb 95 

13.  MyrtopliyUum  Warderi  Lesq 97 

16.  Eucalyptus  ?  nervosa  Newb  ... 9.5 

200 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L      PL.  XXXV 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA, 


PLATE    XXX  A^L. 

Page. 

Figs.  1-5    Eucalyptus  latifolia  n.  sp ...         97 

6.  Eucalyptus  Schubleri  (Heer)  *  n.  comb 9(i 

202 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH   L     PL.  XXXVI 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE   XXXV  ri. 

Page 

Figs.  1, 2.  ^VraKa  Ravniana  Heer 99 

3-6.  .Vralia  gronlandica  Heer ,  98 

7.  Cissites  formosus  Heer  ? 94 

8a.  CliondrophyUum  orljiculatum  Heer 100 

8b.  Salix  proteipfolia  flexuosa  (Newb.)  Lesq 51 

9.  Hedera  simple.x  n.  sp 97 

204 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L      PL.  XXXVII 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE    XXXVIIl. 

Page 

Figs.  1 .  2.  Aralia  nassauensis  IloUick 99 

3.  Aralia  patens  Newb.  ? OS 

4.  Aralia  palniata  Newb _ 98 

5,  6.  Aralia  coriacea  Vel _ _ 99 

7.  Panax  cretacea  Hecr .  .■ 100 

8.  Pterospermites  modestus  Lesq .  9.'5 

206 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH   L      PL.  XXXVIIl 


CRETACEOUS  FLORA. 


PLATE    XXXIX. 

Page. 

Fio.  1.  ^\ndromeda  latifolia  Newb 100 

2-5.  Andromeda  Parlatorii  Heei- 101 

6.  Andromeda  flexuosa  Newb 101 

7.  Andromeda  tenuinervis  Lesq 102 

8,  9.  Kalmia  Brittoniana  Hollick ... 100 

10, 11.  Jlyrsine  borealis  Ileer 102 

12.  Myrsinites?  Gaudini  Lesq 103 

13,  14.  Myrsine  elongata  Newb 1 02 

208 


U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH   L     PL.  XXXIX 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


PLATE   XL. 

Page. 

Fig.          1.   \'il>'.unum  intogrifoliuin  Ncwl) _ _ lOo 

2,  1 1.  DiospjTos  primtvva  Ileer ...  103 

3.  Diospyros  pseudoaneeps  Lesq. 104 

4-6.  Diospyros  apiculata  Lesq.? 103 

7-10.  Diospyros  provecta  Vel 104 

12.  Diospyros  prodromus  Heer? 104 

13, 14.  Premnopliyllum  trigonum  Vcl _ 10() 

15.  Liriodendropsis  con.stricta  (Ward  Tar.) .  71 

16.  Periploca  cretacoa  n.  sp _ 105 

17.  Vilmrnura  Hollickii  Berry 105 

210 


U.  S,  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


MONOGRAPH    L      PL.  XL 


CRETACEOUS    FLORA. 


OBEX 


[Names  in  italic  are  synonyms:  numbers  in  black-face  type  are  of  pages  wliereon  detailed  descriptions  are  given;  figures 
in  eto^zc  denote  illustrations.] 


A. 


Acer. 


Page. 
.      115 


aml)oyense  Newb S9 

minutum  HoUick 89, 126-127, I9ff 

minutus  HoUick : 89 

sp ,. . .   89-90, 126-127,  MS 

Aceracete 89-91,116 

Actinopteris  peltata  (Gopp)  Sclienk 34 

quadrif oliata  Font ' 34 

Akebia 70 

jUbian  rocks,  correlation  of 29 

Albirupean,  correlation  of 29 

Amelanctiier S3, 115 

tj'pica  Lesq '..        S3 

Whitei  n.  sp 83, 124, 194 

Anacardiacea3 87, 115 

Andromeda 116 

fle.xuosa  Newb 101, 126-127,^08 

latifolia  Newb 100-101, 126-127,308 

Parlatorii  Heer 101, 126-127,208 

tenuinervis  Lesq 102,126-127,208 

Angiospermse 47-112, 113, 115-116 

Anonacese 73-74, 115 

Antholithes  njrmphseoides  Hos lOS 

,  Apeibopsis  thomseniana  Heer 95 

Apocynace^e 105 

Apocynopbyllum  oeningense  Heer 105 

Aralia.....~ '. 94,98,116 

coriacea  Vel 99, 126-127,, JOS 

gronlandica  Heer 78, 98-99, 126-127,  SOi 

nassauensis  Hollick 99, 126-127,. ?0S 

patens  Newb 98, 126-127, S06 

palmata  Newb 98, 126-127,20S 

polymorpha  Newb 98 

Ravniana  Heer  . , 99, 126-127,20^ 

rotundiloba  Newb 9S 

Snowii  Lesq 99 

trans-versinervia  Sap.  et  Mar 57 

WeUingtoniana  Lesq 99 


ap. 


98 

Araliaoese 97-100, 116 

Araucarites  carolinensis  Font 107 

ReichenbacM  Gein 42 

Arrochar,  fossil  flora  at 14,28,121,123,125,127,129 

Arun(^el  formation,  correlation  of 29 

Asclepiadiacete 105, 116 

Atane  beds,  fossU  flora  of 118-119 


-MON  L— 06- 


-14 


Page. 
Baiera 114 

grandis  Heer 36,120rl21,lS.4 

Balanophoraceffi 107 

Balls  Point,  fossil  flora  at 14,120,132,124,126,128 

Banksites 115 

Saportanus  Yel 60-61, 122-123,  i^S 

Baylies,  William,  on  Marthas  Vineyard 14-15 

Bennetites  Flores 107 

Berry,  B.  W.,  on  paleobotany  of  region 60,61,117-118 

Betula  tremula  Heer 57 

Bignonia  pulcherrima  Bayer 70, ISO 

Black  Rock  Point,  fossil  flora  at 14,120,122,124,126,128 

Blake,  W.  P.,  and  Hitclicoek,  C.  II.,  geological  map  by. .        18 

Block  Island,  fossil  flora  on 13, 27, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 

fossfl  localities  of .' 14 

geology  of 27,28 

Botany,  discussion  of 113-129 

Brachj-phyllum 114 

crassum  Lesq 44 

maerocarpum  Newb 39, 44, 120-121,  ISS 

Britton,  N.  L.,  on  geology  of  Richmond  Co.,  N.  Y 19 

Brooklyn,  fossU  flora  at 14,28,121,123,125,127,129 


Cabot,  E.  C,  and  Desor,  M.  E.,  on  Nantucket  geology.       17 

Cassalpiniacese 83-84, 115 

Calycites 116 

alatus  HoUiek 109,12S,i.fO 

obovatusn.sp : 109,128,J.fO 

Campyloneis  Grevillei  regalis 23 

Caprifoliaceffi 105,116 

Carpolithus no 

euonjTnoides  n.  sp 110, 128-129,  J44 

floribundus  Newb 110, 128-129, /41 

hirsutus  Newb 110, 128-129,  m 

patootensis  Heer 54 

spinosiis  Newb ^ no 

vaccinioides  n.  sp 110, 128-129,  m 

sp 110,  111,  128-129,  m 

Cassia 115 

angusta  Heer S4 

angustifolia  VaU 84 

sp S4,124,M4 

Caulerpites  fastigiatus  Sternb 43 

Caulinites  fecundus  Lesq 32 

inqmrendus  Hollick -     32 

213 


214 


INDEX. 


Ceanothus 116 

bilinicus  Hog 93 

constrictus  n.  sp 93, 126-127, /9« 

cuneatus  Nutt 93 

Cdastracea; 88-89,115 

Celastrophylluni 115 

angustif olium  Newb 54 

Benedeni  Sap.  et  Mar 60,89 

cretaceum  Lesq 100 

ensifolium  Lesq 88 

grandiXolium  Newb.? 88, 126-127, 196 

lanceolatum  Etts 88 

sp 23 

Celastrus 110,115 

arctica  Heer 88, 118, 126-127, 196 

Cenomanian  rocks,  correlation  of 29 

Center  Island,  fossil  flora  at 14, 122, 124, 126, 128 

Chappaquiddiek,  fossil  flora  at 14, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 

geology  at 26,28 

Ghondrophyllum 116 

orbiculatiun  Heer 100,126-127,204 

Chondrophyton  laceratum  Sap 70 

Choripetate 49-100,113,115-116 

Cinnamomum 75, 115 

crassipetiolatum  n.  sp 74, 124-125, 1£0 

ellipsoideum  Sap.  et  Mar 74 

Heerii  Lesq.? ,...  75, 117, 124-125, iSO 

intermedium  Newb 74, 124-123, 188, 190 

membranaceum  (Lesq.)  n.  comb 75, 124-125,  ISS 

Soheuohzeri  Heer 74, 80 

sezannense  Wat 74, 75 

sp 75, 124,  MO 

Cissites 116 

formosus  Heer? 94,126-127,201 

Cissopbyllum  exuliun 106 

Clark,  W.  E.,  on  geology  of  region 29 

Cliflwood,  fossil  flora  at 117, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

Cliftwood  formation,  correlation  of 29, 30 

f ossQ  flora  of 13, 117 

Cocconema  par%-um  W.  Smith 23 

Cocculites 115 

imperfectas  n.  sp 63,122,154 

inquirendus  n.  sp  63, 122, i54 

Kanii  (Heer)  Heer 63 

Cocculus 115 

ciimamomeus  Vel 62,122-123,154 

Kanii  (Heer)  Sap.  et  Mar 63 

miuutus  Hollick 62,122,154 

Coconeis  pediculus  Ehr 23 

placentula  Ehr 23 

Cold  Spring,  fossil  flora  at 14, 27, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 

geology  at 27 

Columbus  formation,  correlation  of 29 

Colutea 115 

primordialis  Heer. ._ 84, 124-125, 19i 

Conifer,  cone  scale  of 47, 115, 120, 134 

Coniferales 36-17,113,114-115 

Correlation  of  formations.    See  Formations,  correla- 
tion of. 

CozEcns,  Issachar,  jr.,  on  geology  of  Long  Island 17 

Cretaceous  rocks,  discovery  of,  history  of 17-25 

occurrence  and  description  of 2.5 

Cunningtiamia  elegans  (Corda)  Endl 41,119 

Cunninghamites 114 

elegans  (Corda)  Endl 41, 118, 120-121,  ISfi 


Page. 
Curtis,  G.  C,  and  Woodworth,  J.  B.,    on  Nantucket 

geology 24 

Cyatheacea; 31-32,114 

Cybella  euspidata  Kutz 23 

delicatula  Kutz 23 

Cycadacese 35. 114 

Cycadales 35,113,114 

Cycadofilicales 32 

Cyclopteris  tenue-striata  Heer 34 

Cyparissidium 114 

gracile  (Heer)  Heer? 46,J20-121.1S« 

Cyperacese 48,115 

Cyperacites 113,  U5 

arctious  Heer 48 

borealis  Heer 48 

deperditus  Wat 48 

Haydenii  Lesq 48 

hyperboreus  Heer 48 

Cyperacites  sp 48,120-121.142 

Czekanowskia 114 

dichotoma  (Heer)  Heer? 36,120-121,140 

D. 

Dakota  group,  fossil  flora  of 118, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

Dalbergia 85, 115 

hyperborea  Heer? 85,1 24-125, 19i 

irregularis  n.  sp 85, 124.1P4 

minor  n.  sp 85, 124. 194 

RinkiaTia  Heer S3, 85 

Dammara 114 

acicularis  ICnowl 39 

australis 38 

borealis  Heer. 37-39, 47, 118, 119,120-121, 154 

cliftooodcnsis  Hollick 37, 39, 154 

macrosperma 37 

microlepis  Heer 37, 38. 40 

muior  n.  sp 40, 120-121 , 1.% 

northpor»ensis  HoUick 39, 120, 134 

Daphuogene  Kanii 63 

Barton,  N.  H.,  on  geology  of  region 24 

Descriptions,  former,  history  of 14-^ 

Desmodium 70 

Desor,  M.  E.,  and  Cabot,  E.  C,  on  Nantucket  geology.        17 

Dewalquea 116 

gronJandica  Hoer? 106, 128-129,  J4« 

insignisHos.  and  v.  d.  Marck 106, 128-129, /{« 

f7a/dfr77za7ia  (Deb.)  Sap.  et  Mar "     51 

Diatoma  hyemalo  K.  B 23 

Dicksonia  clavipes  Heer 33 

Dicotyledonfe 49-112, 113, 115-116 

Didymosorus  comptoniifolius  Deb.  et  Etts 31 

Diospyros 103,104.116 

apiculata  Lesq.? 103,128-129,210 

brachyscpala  A.  Br 104 

prima;va  Heer 2;M03, 104, 12S-12<',  SW 

prodromus  Heer? 104,128-129.210 

provecta  Vel 104, 128-129. 210 

pseudoanceps  Lesq 104, 12.S-129. 110 

rotundifoUa  IjGsq 102 

SIccnstrupi  Heer 104 

Dodge.  R.  E.,  on  geology  of  region 24 

Dosoris  Island,  fossil  flora  on 14,121,123,125,127,129 

Dryandroi<les 118 

quercinea  Vol 60, 122-123, 146 

Zcnkcri  Etts 54 

Dryophyllum  Uolmesii  Lesq 60 


INDEX. 


215 


E. 

Page. 

Batons  Neck,  fossil  flora  at 14, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 

EbenaeeiE 103-104, 110 

Ebenales 103-104,110 

Eehinostrobus  squammosus  Vel 44 

Elseodendron 115 

speciosum  Lesq 89 

strlctumn.sp 89,126,iSe 

sp 89, 126-127,  JSfi 

Elizabeth  Islands,  fossil  locality  on 14 

geoi  )gy  of 26 

Elm  I'omt,  fossil  flora  at 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

geology  at 14, 27-28 

Encyonema  ventricosum  Katz 23 

Epithemia  turgida  (Ehr.)  Kutz 23 

Ericacea; ; 100-102, 116 

Ericales 100-102, 116 

Eucalyptus 97, 116 

angustifolia  Newb 95-96, 126-127,  WO 

Geinitzi  (Heer)  Heer  . . .  22,37,38,43,95,96,97,126-127,200 

latifolian.  sp 97, 126-127, S0« 

nervosa  Newb 95, 126-127,  SOO 

Schttbleri  (Hecr1  ?  n.  comb 96-97, 126-127,  «0« 

Eunotia  inonodon  Ehr 23 

Euonymus 110 

Europe,  fossil  flora  of - .  - 121, 123, 12.5, 127, 129 

Exogyra 17 

F. 

Fagacese 56, 115 

Fagales 56, 115 

Ficus 97,115 

atavina  Heer 54, 58, 97, 122-123,  ISO 

Beckwithii  Lesq 58 

fracta  Vel 57, 122-123,  ISg 

Krausiana  Heer 58, 122-123,  I4S,  ISO 

raagnolia^folia  Lesq 58 

myricoides  Hollick 57, 122-123,  ISS 

oblanceolata  Lesq 87 

proteoides  Lesq 60 

protogsea  Etts 58 

protogeea  Heer 68, 97 

reticulata  (Lesq.)  Knowl 97 

sapindifolia  Hollick 58-59, 122-123, 152 

undutata  Lesq 87 

Willisiana  Hollick 59, 122-123,  I48 

Woolsoni  Newb.  ? 59, 122-123,  IS2 

Filicales 31-33, 114 

Finch,  John,  on  Tertiary  formations 16 

Flora,  distribution  of 116-129 

distribution  of,  table  showing 120-129 

relationships  of 113-116 

table  showing 114-116 

See  also  Fossils. 

Formations,  correlation  of,  discussion  of 30 

correlation  of,  table  showing 29 

Fossils,  deposits  of,  characteristics  of 25-28 

deposits  of,  correlation  of 30 

■  localities  of 14 

Fragilaria  construans  Grun 23 

Ffenelites  Eeichii  Etts 44 

Frenelopsis 114 

Hoheneggeri  (Etts.)  Schenk 45-46, 120-121,  ;SS 

Fuller,  M.  L. ,  on  Fishers  Island  geology 24 


G. 

Page. 

Gamopetalffi 100-105, 113, 116 

Gay  Head,  fossils  at 14, 27, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 

geology  at 25, 27 

Gentianales 105, 116 

Geology  of  region,  discussion  of 25-30 

investigation  and  study  of 14-25 

Gingko 34 

tenuestriata  Heer 34 

Gingkoacege 36-37, 114 

Gleichenia 114 

comptoniEefolia  (Deb.  and  Etts.)  Heer 31 

delicatula  Deb.  and  Etts 31 

gracilis  Hoor? 81, 120-121, 1S2 

Nauckhofh  Heer 31 

protogffia  Deh.  and  Etts.? 31, 120-121, iS2 

Gleicheniacege 31, 114 

Glen  Cove,  fossil  flora  at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

geology  at 25 

Gomphonema  capitatum  Ehr 23 

Graminales 48, 115 

Great  Neck,  fossil  flora  at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

Greenland,  fossil  flora  of 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

Green  Ridge,  fossil  flora  at 14, 28, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

Grevillea  icnera  Vel 31 

Grewiopsis 82, 105 

vibnrnifoUa  Ward 105 

Guatteria 115 

cretacea  n.  sp 7a-J4, 116, 124-125, 172 

Gyminda 89, 115 

primordialis  n.  .sp 88-89, 116, 126, 196 

Gymnospermse 35-47, 107, 113, 114-115 


Hedera 62,116 

helix  L 97 

simplex  n.  sp 97,126,20.{ 

Heer,  Oswald,  descriptions  by 37, 45, 54, 69 

on  Atane  flora 118-119 

Hitchcock,  G.  H.,  geological  map  by 20 

Hitchcock,  C.  H.,  and  Blake,  W.  P.,  geological  map  by.  18 
Hitchcock,  Edward,  on  geology  of  region 16,17 

on  paleobotany  of  region 37-38 

Holm,  Theodor,  on  paleobotany  of  region 69-70 

Hymeutea 115 

dakotana  Lesq 83, 85, 124-125,  t9J, 

primigenia  Sap 84, 124-125, 19J, 


Ilex lis 

papulosa  Lesq 87-88, 115, 126-127, 196 

nicaceffi 87-88, 115 

Indiiin  HiH,  fossils  at 28 

geology  at 28 

Investigations,  former,  history  of 14-25 

Island  series,  correlation  of 13,29 


Juglandaceae 64-56, 115 

Juglandales 54-66, 115 

Juglans 115 

arotioa  Heer 54-55, 66, 122-123,  US 

crassipes  Heer 55, 122-123,  /.}« 

dongatan.  sp 55-56, 122-123,  wa 

Schimperi  Lesq 56 


216 


INDEX. 


Page 
Juniperus 115 

h>-pnoides  Heer 38,46-17, 120-121, /3^,I3S 

maciUnta  Heer ' 38, 45, 46, 47 

K. 

Kaliuia 100,116 

Brittoniana  HoUick 10«,  126-127,  SOS 

Kome  beds,  fossil  flora  of 118 

KreischerviUe,  fossU  flora  at ...  14,28, 118, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

L. 

Lflurace^e 74-S2, 115 

Laurophyilum 115 

jingustifoliuni  Newb 81 

elegans  n.  sp 81 ,  124-125,  m 

lanct'olatiim  Newb S2 

nerviiosum  n.  sp 8-2, 124-125,  IH 

Laurus 115 

angusta  Heer 23, 81 ,  124-125,  IS,} 

anteeedens  Lesq 80, 124-125,  ISO 

HoUae  Heer? SO,  124-125,  IS'! 

Knowltoniana  Lesq 79 

ncbraseensis  (Lcsq.)  Lesq 79, 124-125,  ISO 

No'.vberryana  llollick 79, 124-125, 1'Ji 

OniaUi  Sap.  et  Mar 55 

plntonia  Heer 80-81, 124-125,  i«4,;S(; 

prijdgcnia  Ung -. 79 

ttllformis  Lesq 79, 80, 124-125, 192 

Legii:ninos8e 70, 83-87, 115 

Leguininosites ■. 115 

constrictus  Lesq. 7 Sfi,  124-125, 191f 

convolutus  Lesq,? 86-87, 124-125, I9i 

coronillotdes  Hccr 83-124-125,^94 

dalbergioides  Etts 86 

frigidus  Heer 80 

Marcouanus  Heer 69 

Lepaeyclotes  cireularis  Emmons 107 

Lesqucrou.x,  Leo,  on  paleobotany  of  region...  03,65,73-74,79 

Liliacea? '. 48, 115 

Liliales 48,115 

Liriodendron 69, 70, 115 

attenuatum  n.  sp 68-69, 122-123, ir.' 

Meekii  Heer C9 

oblongif  Hum  Newb.? 49, 6S,  122-123, ;7~' 

primasvum  Newb 68, 69, 122-123,  /  72 

simplex  tie. vh 22,23,69,71,72 

Liriodendropsi? 08,69-70, 84, 113, 115 

0 ngusttlolia  Newb .'.  71, 124-125,  IX 1 

constricta  (Ward  var.) 71, 124-125,  ;74,M„',^;o 

lacerata  Ward 70 

rotusa  (Heer)  n.  comb 71,  '2. 124-125,  ISO 

simplex  (Newb.)  Newb 09, 

70,71, 7-2-7iS,  118, 124-125,/7(7,?rS,M0,;S,' 

spectabilis  n.  sp 71 ,  7S,  116, 124-125, 17/, 

fonstrUta  Ward 71 

Liriophylhim  obcordatum  Lesq 84 

Litse.!  crctacea  Lesq 78 

f.-.I  ;ifolia  Lesq 78 

liittleNeck,  tossU  flora  at 14,27,120,122,124,120,128 

geology  at 27 

Lloyd  Neck,  fossil  flora  at 14, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 

Long  Branch  formation,  correlation  of 20 

Long  Island,  fossU  flora  on 13,27,120-129 

fosfiil  localities  of 14 


M.  Page. 

Magnolia 79,108,113,115 

altemans  Heer 23,05,67,79,122-123 

amplifolia  Heer 65, 122-123, 106 

auriculata  Newb 67-68, 122-123, 168, 170 

Boulayana  Lesq 67 

CapeUinii  Heer 68, 05, 117, 12^-123, 164 

ensifolia  Lesq 88 

glaiicoides  Newb.? 67, 122-123, 16S,170 

Isbergiana  Heer 66, 122-123, 170 

Lacoeana  Lesq 65, 122-123,  Jtf.} 

longif .-.lia  Newb 66, 122-123,  J  70 

longipes  Newb.? 64-65,122-123,;?-' 

pseudoacuminata  Lesq 65, 122-123,  J6'6' 

speeiosa  Heer 64, 79, 122-123, 168 

tenuitclia  Lesq 64, 65, 122-123,  I64, 166 

Van  Ingeni  Ilolliek 67, 122-123,  J  70 

woodbridgensis  Hollick 66, 122-123, 1 70 

Magnoliacese 63-73, 113, 115 

Magothy  formation,  correlation  of 29 

Majanthemopbyllum 115 

pusiUum  Heer 48, 120-121, /^i 

Malapoenna 115 

sp '. 78, 124, 192 

Malvales 94-95,116 

Manasquan  formation,  correlation  of 29 

llanbasset  Neck,  fossil  flora  at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

Marsh,  O.  C,  on  Jurassic  rocks 24 

Marshalltown  formation,  correlation  of 29 

Marsilea 34, 113, 114 

.\ndcraori  Hollick 33-34, 116, 120-121,  ISt 

Hiiltingiana  Schafl 33,  J3X 

Marsilcaccse  '. 33-34, 114 

Marthas  Vineyard,  description  of 15 

fossil  flora  of 13, 26, 28, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 

fossil  localities  of 14 

geology  at 26, 28 

itassacliusetts,  fossil  flora  of 13 

Matawan  formation,  correlation  of 29 

itather,  W.  VV.,  on  geology  of  Long  and  Staten  islands  16-17 

May  tonus 89 

Melosira  granulata  (Ehr.)  Kails 23 

MenisperraaccEC 01-0^^,  1 15 

Menispermites 115 

acutflobus  Lesq.  ? 62, 122-123,  UJ, 

borealis  Hccr 61 

Brysoniana  Hollick 61-62, 122-123,  m 

ovalis  Lesq 63 

sp 62,  122-123,  ;S4 

Mercbantville  formation,  correlation  of 29 

Merrill,  F.  J.  H.,  on  geology  nt  region 19-20,22,24 

MitcliiU,  S.  L.,  on  Long  Island  geology 15-16 

Monocotyledonfe 47-48, 113, 115 

Montauk  Point,  fossil  flora  at 14, 120, 122,124, 126, 12S 

Moracere '- 57-59, 115 

Moraines,  occurrence  of 25-26 

Morgans,  fossil  flora  at 121,123,125,127,129 

Moriconia 114 

cyclotoxon  Deb.  &  Etts 46,  US,  119, 120-121. 1S6 

Morton.  S.  G.,  on  geology  of  region 16 

Mott  Point,  fossil  flora  at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 139 

Mount  l>aurel  member,  correlation  of 29 

.Mvrica 115 

Pavi^ii  nolliol> 68,122-123,  fij 

grandijolia  Hollick 53 


INDEX. 


217 


Myrica — Continued. 

Ho;iicMWard 53,122-123, 1« 

(onga  Heer 50, 51, 53, 55 

thulensis  Heer 54 

Zenkeri  (Etts.)  Vel? 54,122-123,  W 

sp 51, 122,  W 

Myricace^e 53-54, 115 

Myricales 53-34, 115 

Myricanthlum  amentaceum  Vel 54 

Myrsinace^ 102-103, 116 

Myrsine 103, 116 

borealisHeer 102, 126-127,  «0S 

elongata  Newb 51, 102, 104, 126-127,  H6, 208 

sp •• 23 

Myrsinites. 103,  US 

GaudiniLesq 103,126-127,-08 

Myrslnopliyllum  varians  Vel ■  -  70,  iSO 

Myrtacea; 95-97, 116 

Myrtales 95-97, 116 

Myrtopbyllum H*^ 

Oeinitzi  Heer 98, 97 

Schubleri  Heer 96 

WarderiLesq 97 ,  126-127,  «00 

N. 

Nashaquitsa,  fossil  flora  at 14, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 

geology  at  -■- 26-27 

Natural  Science  Association  of  Staten  Island,  proceed- 
ings of 19 

Nausiion,  fossil  flora  at 14 

Navesink  formation,  correlation  of 29 

Navicula  cocconelformis  Greg 23 

.    lata  Breb 23 

major  Kutz 23 

varians  Greg 23 

viridis  Kutz 23 

Neotandra 115 

imperfecta  n.  sp 76-77,124,  JS.^ 

Nekinibium  arcticum  Heer ,  61,118,  iS2 

Nelumbo 113, 115 

Kerapil  (HoUick)  Hollick 61, 

117, 118, 122-123, 1S6, 1S8, 160, 182 

primgeva  Berry '. 61,117 

Neocomanian  rocks,  correlation  of 29 

Newberry,  J.  S.,  on  Amboy  clays 20 

on  Long  Island  geology IS 

on  paleobotany  of  region 38, 40, 68, 69, 72, 74 

New  Jersey,  fos'feil  flora  of 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

fossil  localities  of 14 

New  York,  fossil  flora  of 13 

New  York  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,  proceedings  of.  17,18 

Northport  Harbor,  f ossU  flora  at 27, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 

geology  at 27 

Northrop,  J.  I.,  on  Rhizomorphs 112 

Nympbasacese - 61, 115 

O. 

Oak  Neck,  fossU  flora  at 14, 120, 122, 124, 126, 12S 

Oeotea 115 

nassauensis  n.  sp 76, 116, 124-125, «.{ 

Onoclea 32, 33, 114, 120-121 

inquirenda  (HoUick)  n.  comb 32-33, 116, 120-121,  IS2 

Orient  Point,  geology  at 26 

Osmunda  Obergiana  Heer 32 

petiolata  Heer 32 


P.  Page. 

Pala30cassia  angustif olia  Etts 84 

Paliurus 75,115 

alEnis  Heer 93, 126-127, 19S 

cretaceus  Lesq 92 

integrilolius  HoUick 23, 91, 126-127, 19S 

membraTuiceus  Lesq 75 

ovaUs  Dawson 91-92, 126-127, 19S 

,  sp 23 

Panax 116 

oretaoea  Heer 100, 126-127, 206 

Pandanales 47, 115 

Papilionacese '. 84-86, 115 

Passiflora 70 

Patapsco  formation,  correlation  of 29 

Patuxent  formation,  correlation  of 29 

Patoot  beds,  fossU  flora  of 118-119 

Periploca 116 

cretacea  n.  sp 105, ,128, 210 

Persea 76, 115 

Leconteana  (Lesq.)  Lesq 76, 124-125, 192 

nebrascensis  Lesq 79 

pubescens  (Pursh.)  Sarg 76 

valida  n.  sp 76, 124-125, 188 

Pbaseolites 115 

elegans  n.  sp 85, 124-125, 194 

f  ormus  Lesq , 85 

manbassetterisis  Hollick 86, 124-125, 194 

Pbaseolus .' 70 

PbyUites lib 

duresoens  sp.  nov 74 

obcordatus  Herr 69 

poinsettioides  Hollick 106, 128-129, 196 

Phyllocladus  subintegrifolius  Lesq 36-37 

Pinaceffi 37-47, 114-115 

Pinus - 114 

sp ■. : 40, 108, 120-121, 134 

Pistacia„ '. ' 87,115 

aquebongensis  HoUick 87 ,  124-125, 19S 

aquensis  Sap 87 

Pistites  loriformis  Hos IDS 

Planera , 115 

betuloides  n.  sp &T,  122, 14a 

Knowltoniana  HoUick 57 

Plant-bearing  deposits,  characteristics  of 25-28 

Platanaceae 82-83, 115 

Platanus 56, 82, 83, 115 

aquebongensis  HoUick 82, 124-125, 192 

Newberryana  Heer 23,82,124-125 

sp 83, 124-125, 192 

Poacese 48, 115 

Poacites 115 

aruudinarius  Etts 48 

borealis  Heer 48 

niengeanus  Heer 48 

sp .38, 48, 120-121, 1S4, 142 

Podozamites 114 

acuminatus  HolUck a 35 

angustifolius  (Eicbw.)  Schimp 35 

lanceolatus  (Lindl.  and  Hutt.)  Scbunp  ...  35, 120-121,  IS4 

marginatus  Heer 35 

sp ■ 35, 120-121, 142 

Pollard,  C.  L.,  on  Elm  Point  fossils 23 

Polypodiacece 32-33, 114 

Pomacea; 83, 115 


218 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Populus 113 

apiculata  Newb 49,120-121,144 

harkeriana  Lesq 49, 120-121,  lU 

stygia  Heer 49, 120-121, 1^} 

sp 50,120-121,1^4 

Potomac  formations,  correlation  of 29 

Premnophyllmn 116 

trigonum  Vel 106, 12&-129,  SIO 

Pressey.  H.  A.,  on  geology  of  region 24 

Primulales 102-103,116 

Princess  Bay,  fossil  flora  at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

Proteaceje '. 59-61, 115 

Protealcs 59-61,115 

Proteoides 115 

daphnogenoides  Heer 23, 59-60, 81, 82, 122-123,  iSi 

longus  Ile^r 53 

Protophyllocladus 114 

subintegrifolius  (Lesq.)  Berry 36-37,120-121,140 

Pteridophyta 31-34,113.114 

Pterocelastrus 89 

Pterospermites 116 

modestusLesq 95, 126-127,  ^OC 

Q- 

Quereus 115 

HoLmesii  Lesq 60 

morrisoniana  Lesq 56, 122-123, 146 

novae-csesareas  Hollick 56, 122-123, 146 

sp 56, 122, 1.46 

R. 

Eanales 61-82,113,115 

Rancocas  formation,  correlation  of . . .-. 29 

Raritan  formation,  correlation  of 29, 30 

flora  of 13, 116 

Red  Bank  formation,  correlation  of 29 

Redfield,  W.  C,  on  fossil  discovery 17 

Rhamnacese 91-93, 115-116 

Rhamnales 91-94,115-116 

Rhanmus 116 

acuta  Heer 93, 126-127, 19S 

Pjafflana  Heer 102, 103, 104 

Ros  mdssUri  Ung 103 

tenax  Lesq 93 

RhizoTiiorph 112, 116,128-129, 1^;? 

Rhode  Island,  fossil  flora  of 13 

Rhus 115 

cretacca  Heer 87, 124-125, 196 

Pyrrhic  Ung 87 

Richmond  Valley,  fossil  flora  at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

Ries,  Heinrich,  on  New  York  clays 22-23 

RosacejE 83-87, 115 

Resales 82, 115 

Rubiales 105, 116 

S. 

SagenoptPris 114 

variabilis  (Vel.)  Vcl 34, 120-121, 13S 

Salicacoa' 49-53, 115 

Salicalcs 49-53,115 

Salisbury,  R.  D.,  on  geology  of  region 24 

Salix 115 

cimeata  Newb 50-51 ,  52, 120-121,  tU,  '40 

flcxuoaa  Newb 51 

inxqualis  Newb 52 

mattewanensis  Berry 50 


Page. 

Salix  membranacea  Newb 50, 120-121, 1.(6 

Meekii  Newb 51 ,  .i2. 120-121 ,  I46 

protescfolia  Lesq 52 

proteaefolia  flexuosa  (Newb.)  Lesq 51-52, 

117, 120-121, 1.JS,  304 

lanceolata  Lesq 52, 120-121, 14S 

linearifolia  Lesq.? 52,120-121,1.46 

purpuroides  noUick 53, 122-123,  U6 

sp 50,51, 53, 122-123, 14« 

Salvinia  sp 117 

Salviniales 33-34, 114 

SapLndaceac 90-91, 115 

Sapindales 87-91, 115 

Sapindus 22, 58, 115 

apiculatus  Vel 91 ,  126-127, 19e 

diversif olius  Lesq 76, 91 

im^erf ectus  Hollick 90, 126-127, 106 

morrisoni  Lesq 90, 126-127, 196 

Saporta,  G.  de,  on  paleobotany  of  region 84 

Sapotacites  retusus  Heer 70 

Sassafras 22, 75, 94, 115 

acutilobum  Lesq 77, 124-125,  ICO 

angustilobnm  n.  sp 77,124.155 

cretaceum  Newb 77,124-125,150 

hastatum  Newb 78, 124-125,  ISS,  190 

Lecontcanum  Lesq 76 

progenitor  Newb 78, 124-125, 190 

subintegrifolium  Lesq 75 

Sayreville,  N.  J.,  fossil  flora  at 116, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

Sclerophyllina  (licliotoma  Heer 36 

Sea  Clifl,  fossil  flora  at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

geology  at 27-28 

Sequoia 114 

ambigua  Heer 22, 41-42, 120-121, 136 

concinna  Heer ...  42,43-14, 120-121, ISi 

condita  Lesq 42 

Coutsix  Ileer 42 

lastigiata  (Stemb.)  Heer 42,43, 120-121,  ISS 

gracilis  Heer 43,129-121,136 

heterophylla  Vel 41, 120-121, 136 

Reichenbachi  (Gein.)  Heer 42, 43, 46, 120-121,  IS4, 15S 

subulata  Heer 42 

sp 43, 120-121, 1S4, 1S6 

Serenopsis 61 

Kempii  Hollick 61 

Sewell  formation,  correlation  of 29 

Shaler,  N.  S.,  on  geology  of  region 20 

South  Amboy,  N.  J.,  fossil  flora  at . .  116, 118, 121, 123, 125, 129 

Southeast  Point,  fossil  flora  at 14, 120. 122. 124, 126, 12S 

Spermatophj-ta 3.5-112,113.114-116 

Sphenoglossum  quadrifolium  Emmons 34 

Sphenopteris 32 

Sphenopterfs  grevilloides  Heer 31 

Staten  Island,  fossil  flora  of 13,2S,  121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

fossil  locahties  of 14 

geology  of 28 

Stauroneis  Phfenecenteron  Ehr 23 

Stephanodiscus  niagarse  Ehr 23 

Sterculia 94. 95. 116 

aperta  Lesq 77. 98 

Krcjcii  Vcl 77,98 

lubrusca  Ung 94 

lugubris 95 

prc-labrusca  n.  sp 94, 126,  WS 

Snowii  Lesq 94, 12()-127. 19S 

sp 95,  1  -26- 127. 19S 

Sterculiaceffi 94-95. 1 16 

Stimpsoii,  Williuin,  investigation  by 18 


INDEX. 


219 


Page- 
Su-obilites 116 

perplexus  n.  sp 107-108, 128,  iS^ 

Study  of  region,  former,  liistory  of 14-25 

T. 

Thinnfeldia  Lesquereuxiana  Heer 36 

sub'mtegrifolia  (Leaq.)  Knowl 36 

variabilis  Font 34 

variabilis  Vel 34 

Thviles  crassus  Lesq 44 

Hoheneggeri  Etts 45 

Tliyrsopteris ; 32, 114 

"graeilisHeer 33,120-121 

grevillioides  (Heer)  n.  comb 31-32, 120-121, 1S2 

Maaliiana  Heer 33 

Murrayana  (Brongt. )  Heer 33 

Tinton  lormatioa,  correlation  of 29 

Tottenville,  fossil  flora  at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

Tricalycites 116 

major  HoUick 108,  109,128-129,140 

papyraceiis  Newl) v  -  -  - 109,  12S-129,  IJ,0 

Tricarpellites 116 

striatusNewb 108,128-129,24^ 

Triceratium  trifoliatum 23 

Triebomanes 45 

Typha 113,115 

sp it,  120.//4 

Typhaceao 47, 115 

U. 

Uhler,  P .  R. ,  on  Marthas  Vineyard  geology 22 

Ulmaceffl -' 57, 115 

Umbellales- 97-100,116 

Upham,  Warren,  on  glacial  geology 19 

Urticales 57-59,115 

V. 

Vaccinium 110 

Vanuxem,  I^ardner,  investigation  by 16 

Viburnum 105, 116 

Hollickii  Berry :....  105,  128-129,«W 

integrifolium  Newb 105,  128-129,^10 


Page. 

Vincenttown  formation,  correlation  of 29 

Vitacea3 94,116 

Vitis 82 

W. 

Ward,  L.  P.,  fossils  collected  by 21 

on  geology  of  region 29 

on  Island  series 13 

on  paleobotany  of  region 70, 82, 87-88 

Weller,  Stuart,  on  geology  of  region 29 

Wenonah  formation,  correlation  of 29 

West,  Samuel,  investigation  by 14 

Weyquosque  series,  occurrence  of 27 

White,  C.  A.,  on  geology  of  region 20-21,29 

White,  David,  fossils  collected  by 21 

on  paleobotany  of  region 38, 43 

Widdringtonites 114 

fascioulatus  n.  sp 45,  120,  JSS 

gracilis  Heer 46 

Reichii  (Etts.)  Heer 44,  45, 46, 118, 119, 120-121,  iSS 

subtilis  Heer 45,  120-121,  ISS 

Williamsonia 107, 113, 116 

eretacea  Heer 107 

Flores 107 

problematica  (Newb.)  Ward 107,  128-129,140 

Riesii  Hollick 107,  128-129,140 

sp 23 

Willis,  Bailey,  on  geology  of  region 24 

Woodbridge,  N.  J.,  fossil  flora  at.  116,  US,  121, 123, 125, 127, 129 

Woodbury  formation,  correlation  of 29 

Woodworth,  J.  B.,  on  geology  of  region 24,25 

See  also  Curtis  and  Woodworth. 


Zamia  lanceolata  Lindl.  and  Hutt 35 

ZizyiDlaus 116 

elegans  Hollick 92,  126-127,195 

gronliindicus  Heer 93,  126-137,135 

Lewisiana  Hoflick 93,  126,19« 

oblongus  n.  sp 92,  126-127, 19S 

Zygophyllum 70 


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Price,  $1.30. 
XXXV.  The  later  extinct  floras  of  North  America,  by  J.  S.  Newberry;  a  posthumous  work,  edited  by  Arthur  Holliok. 

1898.    4°.    xvili,  295  pp.,  68  pis.    Price,  $1.25. 
XXXVI.  The  Crystal  Falls  iron-bearing  district  of  Michigan,  by  J.  M.  Clements  and  H.  L.  Smyth;  with  a  chapter  on  the 
Sturgeon  River  tongue,  by  W.  S.  Bayley,  and  an  introduction  by  C.  R.  Van  Hise.    1899.    4°.    xxxvi,  612  pp., 
53  pis.    Price,  82. 
XXXVII.  Fossil  floraof  the  Lower  Coal  Measures  of  Missouri,  by  David  White.    1899.    4°.    xi,  467  pp.,  73  pis.    Price,  $1.25. 
XXXVIII.  The  Illinois  glacial  lobe,  by  Frank  Leverett.    1899.    4°.    xxi,  817  pp.    24  pis.    Price,  $1.60. 
XXXIX.  The  Eocene  and  Lower  Oligocene  coral  faunas  of  the  United  States,  with  descriptions  of  a  few  doubtfully 
Cretaceous  species,  by  T.  W.  Vaughan.    1900.    4°.    263  pp.,  24  pis.    Price,  $1.10. 
XL.  Adephagous  and  clavicorn  Coleoptera  from  the  Tertiary  deposits  at  Florissant,  Colo.,  with  descriptions  of  a  few 
other  forms  and  a  systematic  list  of  the  nonrhynchophorous  Tertiary  Coleoptera  of  North  America,  by  S.  H. 
Scudder.    1900.    4°,    148  pp.,  11  pis.    Price,  80  cents, 
XLI.  Glacial  formations  and  drainage  features  of  the  Erie  and  Ohio  Ijasins,  by  Frank  Leverett.    1902.    4°.    802  pp., 

26  pis.    Price,  $1.75. 
XLII.  Carboniferous  ammonoids  of  America,  by  J.  P.  Smith.    1903.    4°.    211  pp.,  29  pis.    Price,  86  cents. 
XLIII.  The  Mesabi  iron-bearing  district  of  Minnesota,  by  C.  K.  Leith.    1903.    4°.    316  pp.,  33  pis.    Price,  $1.50. 
XLIV.  Pseudoceratites  of  the  Cretaceous,  by  Alpheus  Hyatt,  edited  by  T.  W.  Stanton.    1903.    4°.    351  pp.,  47  pis. 

Price,  $1. 
XLV.  The  Vermilion  iron-bearing  district  of  Minnesota,  with  atlas,  by  J.  M.  Clements.    1903.    4°.    463  pp.,  13  pis.  and 

atlas  of  26  .sheets  folio.    Price,  $3.50. 
XLVI.  The  Menominee  iron-bearing  district  of  Michigan,  by  W.  S.  Bayley.    1904.    4°.    513  pp.,  43  pis.    Price,  $1.75. 
XLVII.  A  treatise  on  metamorphism,  by  C.  R.  Van  Hise.    1904.    4°.    1,286  pp.,  13  pis.    Price,  $1.60. 
XLVIII.  Status  of  the  Mesozoic  floras  of  the  United  States,  by  Lester  F.  Ward,  with  the  collaboration  of  W.  M.  Fontaine, 
Arthur  Bibbins,  and  G.R.  Wieland.    (In  two  parts.)    4°.    Part  I,  616  pp.;  Part  II,  119  pis.    Price,  $2.26. 
XLIX.  The  Ccratopsia,  by  J.  B.  Hatcher,  based  on  preliminary  studies  by  O.  C.  Marsh,  edited  and  completed  by  R.  S. 

Lull.    1907.    4°.    pp.,  51  pis.    Price,  $ . 

L.  The  Cretaceous  flora  of  southern  New  York  and  New  England,  by  Arthur  Holliek.    1906.    4°.    219  pp.,  40  pis. 

Price,  $ . 

All  remittances  must  be  by  money  order,  made  payable  to  the  Director  of  the  United  States 
Geological  vSurvey,  or  in  currency — t]ie  exact  amount.  Checks,  drafts,  and  postage  stamps  can  not 
be  accepted.     Correspondence  should  be  addrest  to 

The  Director, 
United  States  Geological  Survey, 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Decembeh,  IflOil. 

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